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welcome to the ucla
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asia pacific centers international
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symposium
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on global chinese entrepreneurship
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great to see you from all over the world
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virtually
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thank you for coming and welcome
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my name is mikko i'm professor of
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sociology
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and asian american studies the water
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and shelly wang endowed chair in u.s
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china
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relations and communications and
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director of the asia pacific center
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at ucla the ucla asia pacific center
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promotes
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greater knowledge and understanding of
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asia
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and the pacific region on campus and in
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the community
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through innovative research teaching
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public programs
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and international collaborations we
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focus on
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integration and trans-pacific
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connections
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from historical contemporary and
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comparative
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perspectives and encourage
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interdisciplinary
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work on cross-border and supra-national
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issues on language and culture politics
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economy and society and the
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sustainability
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in the ongoing processes of
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globalization
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our center runs the program on central
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asia
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taiwan studies program the hong kong
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studies program
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and we are also an academic partner of
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the global chinese philanthropy
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initiative
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the international symposium on global
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chinese entrepreneurship is beginning
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with a keynote speech
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on taichung referring to
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taiwanese business people china
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and the global value chains by
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dr jamin wu followed by
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four panels of research paper
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presentations
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one right after dr uskino speech this
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evening
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via web bags and three panels tomorrow
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via june the central theme of our
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symposium is global chinese
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entrepreneurship
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we focus we particularly focus on
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diasporic
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chinese entrepreneurship which is a
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long-standing
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phenomenon for scholarly research in the
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social sciences
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the historian and psychologist wang gang
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wu
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coined the concept of thai type of
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huaxan
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meaning chinese merchants and business
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people
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and developed a theoretical model for
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understanding
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centuries-old chinese migration and
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diaspora formation
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viewing hwashang chinese business people
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as the foundation of the chinese
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diaspora
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historically and in contemporary times
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entrepreneurship has been a vital aspect
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of diaspora diasporic chinese life
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what cannot possibly understand chinese
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migration
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diaspora formation transnational
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engagement and homeland development
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without looking into entrepreneurship
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this
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symposium aims to investigate this
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phenomenon in greater detail
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we have selected 21 papers written by
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authors from mainland china taiwan
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hong kong new zealand the uk
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germany france canada and the united
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states
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these papers cover a wide range of
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topics
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ranging from changes in the distinctive
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patterns of chinese entrepreneurship
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gender dynamics
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in business families relations between
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diaspora chinese entrepreneurs
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with the economies of their host
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countries
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and countries of origin the ways in
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which chinese migrants
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start and run their businesses in
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different national
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and transnational settings the
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importance of
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local and transnational networks in
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business
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consequences of entrepreneurship that
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are distinctly chinese
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or are based on sub-ethnic identity
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to the most recent and timely topic
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exploring how chinese businesses are
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affected
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and capitalizing on the covet 19
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pandemic so this
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symposium is organized and hosted by the
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ucla
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asia pacific center and co-sponsored by
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the center for global management
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at the ucla anderson school of
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management
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and the contemporary china research
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cluster
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at the university of hong kong the
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symposium is
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supported by the taiwan studies
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lectureship
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from the taiwan ministry of education
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represented by the taipei economic and
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cultural
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office in los angeles i thank our
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partners
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for their co-sponsorship and funding
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support
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i would also like to thank in particular
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my center staff executive director
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elizabeth schlester
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assistant director aaron miller and
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student assistant lauren nip
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for their incredible support and
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tireless work
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behind the scene and thank you all for
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coming
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the entire symposium will be recorded
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and will be made available on our
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center's website
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please use the q and a function to
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submit your written
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questions during the q a time after the
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speaker's
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presentations we will select your
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question for our presenters
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now i pleased to introduce today's
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keynote speaker dr woojie min
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who is a senior research fellow at the
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institute of sociology taiwan
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academia seneca his research
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interests are in political economy
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political sociology and social movement
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in recent years he has published a
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number of
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highly influential books on tai chang
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and cross strait relations including
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rent-seeking developmental state in
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china
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taishan guangdong model and global
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capitalism
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published in 2019
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the anaconda in the chandelier
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mechanisms
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of influence and resistance in the china
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sector
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published in 2017 the double helix of
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power and capital a taiwanese
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perspective of china cross-trade
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studies published in 2013
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third view of china
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and the era of significant changes
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taiwan 1990 tonight to 2010
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and the list of his publications can run
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on and on
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now without further ado let's welcome
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dr wu dr wu please go ahead
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for inviting me to this event and very
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kind
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introduction today i'm going to present
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a story about the thai sound
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which may not have been presented in the
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same
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argument as i will do below
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can i have my site
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can you see my slides
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not yet but it should come on i think
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okay uh is everyone there
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can you uh put on my slice
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i think i already shared it i just
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finished a girl
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again
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just one second
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please bear it with us
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no problem it happens it's
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actually it's you know almost is
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and jeremy you cannot share your slide
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huh
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right i already said it i already said
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but
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it did not
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appear in the screen can you see it in
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your screen
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i cannot no i know that
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so can i do it oh okay now we are seeing
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it
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yeah okay now all right uh
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okay uh talking about china's
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development model must speaking with
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guangdong and talking about the
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processing threat growth model
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in guangdong means starting with kaisen
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but this is a very sensitive subject on
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both sides of thailand street any
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mention
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of the taiwanese contribution to chinese
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economy inevitably involves
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value judgments so this is why
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this contribution has long been treated
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as
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unclear or even unmentionable
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at the bore our forum in 2018
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chinese president xi jinping announced
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today china has become the world's
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second largest economy
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its top industrial nation its top
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trading country
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and its top holder of foreign exchange
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results
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today the chinese people can proudly say
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that
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chinese second revolution of opening
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reform
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has not only profoundly changed china
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but has also profoundly influenced the
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entire world
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during the forum xi jinping also met
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with taisel
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and some taiwanese politicians
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he acknowledged that the progress of
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chinese
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china's 440 years of opening reform
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has to be chopped up to our taiwan
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competitors and the taiwan companies
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but he also required taiwan's
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industrial and the commercial sector to
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express
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foreign support for the 1992 consensus
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and to oppose taiwan independence
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pakistan have a two-fold effect
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on china taiwanese investors
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and managers have helped make china the
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factory of the world
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but they have also been charged in the
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political
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mission in fact taisang has some
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influence on taiwan's national elections
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over the last 20 years
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for a long time scholars have studied on
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why china was able to achieve
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economic rights in such a short time
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six years ago the american political
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scientist
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zhao shimon published an article
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say goodbye to taiwan he predicted
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that harassing china would ultimately
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achieve germany in east asia
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and then it would proceed to annex
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taiwan
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new zealand went on good by trading with
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china and helping it to grow into an
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economic powerhouse
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taiwan has helped create a burgeoning
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goliath with revisionist goals
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that include ending taiwan's
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independence
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and making it an integral part of china
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in some a powerful china
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isn't just a problem for taiwan it is
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a nightmare unquote of course
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xi jinping miyazama all the very
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different political views on taiwan
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but they reach similar conclusions
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that is force feel that taiwan has
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played a role in china's economic price
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next piece today taiwan is a
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00:14:39,360 --> 00:14:44,639
vehicle geometry and the thai sun are
297
00:14:42,839 --> 00:14:47,199
likewise
298
00:14:44,639 --> 00:14:47,839
but the prospect of the rivalry between
299
00:14:47,199 --> 00:14:51,040
china
300
00:14:47,839 --> 00:14:52,160
and the u.s is still uncertain for
301
00:14:51,040 --> 00:14:54,079
decades
302
00:14:52,160 --> 00:14:56,880
the interaction between china and the
303
00:14:54,079 --> 00:15:00,399
u.s has profoundly shaped taiwan's place
304
00:14:56,880 --> 00:15:03,440
on the world map politically or
305
00:15:00,399 --> 00:15:06,079
economically some say
306
00:15:03,440 --> 00:15:07,760
the world is stumbling into a new cold
307
00:15:06,079 --> 00:15:10,800
war
308
00:15:07,760 --> 00:15:13,839
others say the relationship is more like
309
00:15:10,800 --> 00:15:17,279
a long-term strategic
310
00:15:13,839 --> 00:15:17,839
competition in any case chinese leaders
311
00:15:17,279 --> 00:15:22,360
have
312
00:15:17,839 --> 00:15:24,480
asserted that china should seek economic
313
00:15:22,360 --> 00:15:28,720
self-sufficiency
314
00:15:24,480 --> 00:15:32,320
under this circumstances what direction
315
00:15:28,720 --> 00:15:36,880
should taiwan take and how should tarzan
316
00:15:32,320 --> 00:15:36,880
cope with the great uncertainties
317
00:15:39,120 --> 00:15:42,880
in this study i used faisal as a main
318
00:15:42,079 --> 00:15:47,279
actor
319
00:15:42,880 --> 00:15:49,839
in my development development narrative
320
00:15:47,279 --> 00:15:49,839
next please
321
00:15:51,279 --> 00:15:57,920
in this figure i provide a simplified
322
00:15:54,639 --> 00:16:00,560
broad map of the events over the last 40
323
00:15:57,920 --> 00:16:00,560
40 years
324
00:16:01,759 --> 00:16:05,440
in this narrative i signed together with
325
00:16:04,399 --> 00:16:08,160
kansai
326
00:16:05,440 --> 00:16:09,440
that is hong kong business people were
327
00:16:08,160 --> 00:16:12,000
key agents
328
00:16:09,440 --> 00:16:12,800
in introducing the global value chance
329
00:16:12,000 --> 00:16:16,639
into china
330
00:16:12,800 --> 00:16:19,920
from the start the upper left box
331
00:16:16,639 --> 00:16:22,160
shows that since the 1980s
332
00:16:19,920 --> 00:16:24,320
global value chance began to shift in
333
00:16:22,160 --> 00:16:27,040
the east asian region
334
00:16:24,320 --> 00:16:28,560
from the four tigers to china and
335
00:16:27,040 --> 00:16:32,480
southeast asia
336
00:16:28,560 --> 00:16:34,959
the first wave of gdc shift was mostly
337
00:16:32,480 --> 00:16:36,079
in labor-intensive traditional
338
00:16:34,959 --> 00:16:39,839
industries
339
00:16:36,079 --> 00:16:44,160
such as shoes bicycles garments
340
00:16:39,839 --> 00:16:47,199
toys and mainly went to guangdong
341
00:16:44,160 --> 00:16:50,240
next in the initial stage
342
00:16:47,199 --> 00:16:52,720
gang song and the thai sound or
343
00:16:50,240 --> 00:16:54,160
significant drivers in this global
344
00:16:52,720 --> 00:16:56,639
capital shift
345
00:16:54,160 --> 00:16:57,600
the second wave of mainland river so to
346
00:16:56,639 --> 00:17:00,880
speak
347
00:16:57,600 --> 00:17:02,000
came about in the late 90s and the
348
00:17:00,880 --> 00:17:05,919
centers are
349
00:17:02,000 --> 00:17:09,439
and centered on ict assembly factories
350
00:17:05,919 --> 00:17:12,640
taishan serves as a bridge between china
351
00:17:09,439 --> 00:17:13,199
and global capitalism and the china sits
352
00:17:12,640 --> 00:17:16,799
on this
353
00:17:13,199 --> 00:17:20,319
opportunity to merge into gvc
354
00:17:16,799 --> 00:17:23,439
and mac itself into the factory
355
00:17:20,319 --> 00:17:26,559
of the world at this stage
356
00:17:23,439 --> 00:17:29,840
local growth alliance is all
357
00:17:26,559 --> 00:17:33,679
formed across the coastal china
358
00:17:29,840 --> 00:17:37,919
the core members of this local coalition
359
00:17:33,679 --> 00:17:41,120
was taisan and other foreign capital
360
00:17:37,919 --> 00:17:43,840
and the local governments and the gvc
361
00:17:41,120 --> 00:17:44,559
lead forms and the central government of
362
00:17:43,840 --> 00:17:48,320
china
363
00:17:44,559 --> 00:17:48,320
or invisible members
364
00:17:48,799 --> 00:17:53,280
foreign investment therefore transformed
365
00:17:51,760 --> 00:17:56,799
the chinese economic
366
00:17:53,280 --> 00:17:58,880
structure the export processing sector
367
00:17:56,799 --> 00:18:02,000
in the coastal area
368
00:17:58,880 --> 00:18:03,039
became an engine of growth in the
369
00:18:02,000 --> 00:18:05,280
process
370
00:18:03,039 --> 00:18:06,640
the chinese government gained an
371
00:18:05,280 --> 00:18:09,840
enormous amount
372
00:18:06,640 --> 00:18:12,960
of foreign exchange which
373
00:18:09,840 --> 00:18:14,240
laid our foundation for china's economic
374
00:18:12,960 --> 00:18:17,120
license
375
00:18:14,240 --> 00:18:18,880
in the meantime rate seeking activity
376
00:18:17,120 --> 00:18:22,080
has been progressive
377
00:18:18,880 --> 00:18:26,080
but curiously it
378
00:18:22,080 --> 00:18:28,640
hasn't hampered economic growth
379
00:18:26,080 --> 00:18:29,360
actually it's a kind of brain seeking
380
00:18:28,640 --> 00:18:32,240
that
381
00:18:29,360 --> 00:18:33,600
differs from the typical situation of
382
00:18:32,240 --> 00:18:36,880
brain seeking
383
00:18:33,600 --> 00:18:39,919
i define it as institutional
384
00:18:36,880 --> 00:18:41,200
brain seeking or institutionalized brain
385
00:18:39,919 --> 00:18:44,240
seeking
386
00:18:41,200 --> 00:18:47,440
in this model local officials
387
00:18:44,240 --> 00:18:48,400
organize themselves into a cartel or
388
00:18:47,440 --> 00:18:52,000
syndicate
389
00:18:48,400 --> 00:18:54,320
to sponsor enterprises and in turn
390
00:18:52,000 --> 00:18:55,760
they collect fees from the foreign
391
00:18:54,320 --> 00:18:58,320
companies
392
00:18:55,760 --> 00:18:58,320
next please
393
00:18:59,280 --> 00:19:06,160
back in 1994 the japanese manager
394
00:19:03,120 --> 00:19:10,480
vivid describes local officials as
395
00:19:06,160 --> 00:19:13,520
race seeker and also as protector
396
00:19:10,480 --> 00:19:16,880
he said they had units as numerous
397
00:19:13,520 --> 00:19:19,360
as buffalo hair they wanted money
398
00:19:16,880 --> 00:19:20,080
for everything the number of times we
399
00:19:19,360 --> 00:19:24,080
came to
400
00:19:20,080 --> 00:19:27,600
extorting payments was
401
00:19:24,080 --> 00:19:29,360
unbearable it made it impossible for me
402
00:19:27,600 --> 00:19:31,440
to manage the factory
403
00:19:29,360 --> 00:19:33,120
what could i do i telephoned our
404
00:19:31,440 --> 00:19:35,679
official sponsor
405
00:19:33,120 --> 00:19:36,840
and asked them to handle it they were
406
00:19:35,679 --> 00:19:39,840
almost
407
00:19:36,840 --> 00:19:39,840
always
408
00:19:41,919 --> 00:19:48,320
have to take care of things they know
409
00:19:45,120 --> 00:19:51,600
we kept them alone if we didn't
410
00:19:48,320 --> 00:19:53,120
help what were we paying them for
411
00:19:51,600 --> 00:19:56,320
unquote
412
00:19:53,120 --> 00:19:59,760
can you go back to this uh last slide
413
00:19:56,320 --> 00:20:03,039
the last one yes thank you
414
00:19:59,760 --> 00:20:03,760
it sounds so far so good but there's a
415
00:20:03,039 --> 00:20:07,039
dark side
416
00:20:03,760 --> 00:20:10,640
to this local coalition
417
00:20:07,039 --> 00:20:13,120
it excludes migrant workers the workers
418
00:20:10,640 --> 00:20:16,559
not have produced the largest economic
419
00:20:13,120 --> 00:20:20,080
surplus in this labor intensive
420
00:20:16,559 --> 00:20:24,720
model but the workers have been
421
00:20:20,080 --> 00:20:27,440
deprived of most of the economic rewards
422
00:20:24,720 --> 00:20:29,120
building on empirical findings and
423
00:20:27,440 --> 00:20:32,640
theoretical refraction
424
00:20:29,120 --> 00:20:33,679
i have devised a turn to analyze china's
425
00:20:32,640 --> 00:20:36,159
experience
426
00:20:33,679 --> 00:20:37,520
that is brand seeking developmental
427
00:20:36,159 --> 00:20:40,480
state
428
00:20:37,520 --> 00:20:42,320
for the sake of bravery everything for
429
00:20:40,480 --> 00:20:47,120
the sake of private brevity
430
00:20:42,320 --> 00:20:49,440
i don't expand on this topic for now
431
00:20:47,120 --> 00:20:51,520
since china's rights the government has
432
00:20:49,440 --> 00:20:54,559
constantly called for
433
00:20:51,520 --> 00:20:56,080
rapid upgrading for example guangdong
434
00:20:54,559 --> 00:20:59,200
has been carrying out
435
00:20:56,080 --> 00:21:00,400
a strategy called tanong that is to
436
00:20:59,200 --> 00:21:04,159
empty the birds
437
00:21:00,400 --> 00:21:07,280
and that is to empty the cage
438
00:21:04,159 --> 00:21:11,280
and uh usher in new birds
439
00:21:07,280 --> 00:21:14,000
since the oats since the laid oats
440
00:21:11,280 --> 00:21:14,640
this together with a sudden shock of the
441
00:21:14,000 --> 00:21:18,159
global
442
00:21:14,640 --> 00:21:21,760
financial crisis during 2007 and 8
443
00:21:18,159 --> 00:21:23,760
foot tremendous pressure on kaisen and
444
00:21:21,760 --> 00:21:27,360
other foreign companies
445
00:21:23,760 --> 00:21:31,280
and eventually resulted in
446
00:21:27,360 --> 00:21:33,280
the reorganization of local alliance
447
00:21:31,280 --> 00:21:34,799
during this period the central
448
00:21:33,280 --> 00:21:38,440
government pushed for
449
00:21:34,799 --> 00:21:42,320
the race supply chain and made in china
450
00:21:38,440 --> 00:21:45,039
2025 its ultimate intention
451
00:21:42,320 --> 00:21:46,000
is to challenge the technological
452
00:21:45,039 --> 00:21:49,520
germany
453
00:21:46,000 --> 00:21:52,400
of the west and bypass
454
00:21:49,520 --> 00:21:53,039
a global value chance by creating
455
00:21:52,400 --> 00:21:56,640
china's
456
00:21:53,039 --> 00:21:59,360
own supply chain system
457
00:21:56,640 --> 00:22:00,559
in this new economic process that made
458
00:21:59,360 --> 00:22:03,679
china assertive
459
00:22:00,559 --> 00:22:04,559
and even aggressive in its international
460
00:22:03,679 --> 00:22:07,840
behavior
461
00:22:04,559 --> 00:22:10,840
the u.s initially opened its market
462
00:22:07,840 --> 00:22:12,000
to china and invited china into this eoi
463
00:22:10,840 --> 00:22:15,039
developmental
464
00:22:12,000 --> 00:22:18,159
model but 30 years later
465
00:22:15,039 --> 00:22:21,600
the u.s is finding it its interest
466
00:22:18,159 --> 00:22:25,200
straightened by china and has begun to
467
00:22:21,600 --> 00:22:28,159
change its long-term engagement policy
468
00:22:25,200 --> 00:22:29,360
and the u.s has imposed sanctions on
469
00:22:28,159 --> 00:22:33,280
chinese firms
470
00:22:29,360 --> 00:22:33,280
such as huawei and the smig
471
00:22:33,520 --> 00:22:37,440
and we are still in this historical
472
00:22:36,000 --> 00:22:40,799
process
473
00:22:37,440 --> 00:22:44,720
finally what should taiwanese enterprise
474
00:22:40,799 --> 00:22:47,200
be doing in this new situation
475
00:22:44,720 --> 00:22:47,840
i will come back to that question in the
476
00:22:47,200 --> 00:22:51,679
last
477
00:22:47,840 --> 00:22:51,679
section next please
478
00:22:52,159 --> 00:22:57,840
for now let's first look at how taison
479
00:22:55,039 --> 00:23:00,960
helped introduce gvcs into
480
00:22:57,840 --> 00:23:03,840
china next please
481
00:23:00,960 --> 00:23:05,919
javanese processing factories have been
482
00:23:03,840 --> 00:23:10,000
following the global value chance to
483
00:23:05,919 --> 00:23:13,840
find their niche once the gvcs arrived
484
00:23:10,000 --> 00:23:17,120
china followed the same logic in essence
485
00:23:13,840 --> 00:23:22,400
the late commerce are climbing the gvc
486
00:23:17,120 --> 00:23:26,480
power level at the pinnacle of the gbc
487
00:23:22,400 --> 00:23:29,600
are the lead forms they control
488
00:23:26,480 --> 00:23:33,280
either the brands and any markets
489
00:23:29,600 --> 00:23:36,559
or they control the crucial technologies
490
00:23:33,280 --> 00:23:40,320
that means that sound had to go where
491
00:23:36,559 --> 00:23:40,320
the platforms found them to go
492
00:23:40,640 --> 00:23:46,799
at the footwear industry as an example
493
00:23:43,760 --> 00:23:49,760
yen which which is called baozhang
494
00:23:46,799 --> 00:23:52,159
in taiwanese parent company in taiwan
495
00:23:49,760 --> 00:23:54,960
indian is one of the largest
496
00:23:52,159 --> 00:23:56,320
shoe manufacturers in the world ian
497
00:23:54,960 --> 00:23:59,919
followed its bias
498
00:23:56,320 --> 00:24:02,960
into china in the late 80s
499
00:23:59,919 --> 00:24:07,760
and afterwards into southeast asia
500
00:24:02,960 --> 00:24:10,880
next place indian had employed
501
00:24:07,760 --> 00:24:14,159
30 000 migrant workers in a single
502
00:24:10,880 --> 00:24:19,840
factory complex in guangdong
503
00:24:14,159 --> 00:24:23,919
as early as in nineteen
504
00:24:19,840 --> 00:24:27,840
at its peak capacity around the mid
505
00:24:23,919 --> 00:24:31,200
votes it employed
506
00:24:27,840 --> 00:24:35,120
around 100 thousand workers
507
00:24:31,200 --> 00:24:40,960
in china so how can we conceive
508
00:24:35,120 --> 00:24:44,400
of this size in 1984
509
00:24:40,960 --> 00:24:48,240
when i went to don't go into a business
510
00:24:44,400 --> 00:24:52,080
a manager described illustration to me
511
00:24:48,240 --> 00:24:54,880
quote reflecting provides room and board
512
00:24:52,080 --> 00:24:55,840
and there were so many workers that they
513
00:24:54,880 --> 00:25:00,000
eat
514
00:24:55,840 --> 00:25:03,360
30 pigs and eat 30 pigs in one day
515
00:25:00,000 --> 00:25:06,559
enough to support a local medium-sized
516
00:25:03,360 --> 00:25:09,440
pig farm unquote this
517
00:25:06,559 --> 00:25:10,240
helps us visualize the spillover effect
518
00:25:09,440 --> 00:25:14,240
of es
519
00:25:10,240 --> 00:25:15,760
massive employment basically en could
520
00:25:14,240 --> 00:25:20,320
sustain the likelihood
521
00:25:15,760 --> 00:25:23,120
of the entire top where it's located
522
00:25:20,320 --> 00:25:24,000
another manufacturing giant boston fuse
523
00:25:23,120 --> 00:25:27,520
account
524
00:25:24,000 --> 00:25:31,520
which specializes in apple products
525
00:25:27,520 --> 00:25:34,720
at one point it hired 300
526
00:25:31,520 --> 00:25:37,840
some workers in simpson
527
00:25:34,720 --> 00:25:41,279
and at its peak it employed
528
00:25:37,840 --> 00:25:43,840
1 million workers throughout china
529
00:25:41,279 --> 00:25:43,840
let's please
530
00:25:44,640 --> 00:25:51,520
from a macro perspective china's opening
531
00:25:48,000 --> 00:25:54,799
industries employ a total of 84 million
532
00:25:51,520 --> 00:25:57,840
workers in 2006.
533
00:25:54,799 --> 00:25:59,200
among them 21 million were employed by
534
00:25:57,840 --> 00:26:02,159
foreign companies
535
00:25:59,200 --> 00:26:03,360
and more than one third were employed in
536
00:26:02,159 --> 00:26:05,840
guangdong
537
00:26:03,360 --> 00:26:05,840
next please
538
00:26:08,240 --> 00:26:11,840
taking a closer look
539
00:26:12,720 --> 00:26:19,120
taiwan and hong kong companies
540
00:26:16,240 --> 00:26:20,960
employed almost half of the workers in
541
00:26:19,120 --> 00:26:24,900
the foreign investor sector
542
00:26:20,960 --> 00:26:27,949
as you can see it's 48
543
00:26:24,900 --> 00:26:27,949
[Music]
544
00:26:30,400 --> 00:26:37,520
and this is for 2006
545
00:26:33,760 --> 00:26:40,559
and then the table is off for 2011
546
00:26:37,520 --> 00:26:44,400
and we look at we look at the structure
547
00:26:40,559 --> 00:26:49,120
they are similar it's 46.8 percent
548
00:26:44,400 --> 00:26:53,840
and in guangdong only it's 61.8
549
00:26:49,120 --> 00:26:53,840
in the year of 2011.
550
00:26:54,640 --> 00:26:57,520
let's dice please
551
00:26:58,000 --> 00:27:02,400
now back to you here was listed on hong
552
00:27:01,279 --> 00:27:05,520
kong exchange
553
00:27:02,400 --> 00:27:07,679
stock exchange lower labor cost
554
00:27:05,520 --> 00:27:09,760
made a significant contribution to
555
00:27:07,679 --> 00:27:13,120
india's profits
556
00:27:09,760 --> 00:27:15,440
but believe it or not
557
00:27:13,120 --> 00:27:17,440
in the government's registration system
558
00:27:15,440 --> 00:27:21,039
indians production arm
559
00:27:17,440 --> 00:27:21,039
we meant a
560
00:27:21,600 --> 00:27:29,279
that is a processing budget until
561
00:27:25,039 --> 00:27:33,679
the early 2010s why so
562
00:27:29,279 --> 00:27:36,320
because this arrangement amount
563
00:27:33,679 --> 00:27:36,880
local governments to collect an enormous
564
00:27:36,320 --> 00:27:40,480
amount
565
00:27:36,880 --> 00:27:44,000
of processing fees and other types
566
00:27:40,480 --> 00:27:47,039
of economic rent in guangzhou
567
00:27:44,000 --> 00:27:49,760
foreign companies had to limit
568
00:27:47,039 --> 00:27:52,320
foreign exchange into china in order to
569
00:27:49,760 --> 00:27:55,840
pay their process increase
570
00:27:52,320 --> 00:27:58,880
as a rule the tax sponsoring unit
571
00:27:55,840 --> 00:28:02,720
took 20 percent to 30 percent
572
00:27:58,880 --> 00:28:06,720
of the process increase as its service
573
00:28:02,720 --> 00:28:06,720
charge next
574
00:28:06,960 --> 00:28:14,320
this table gave you a sense
575
00:28:10,640 --> 00:28:17,039
of how important the processing fees
576
00:28:14,320 --> 00:28:19,760
were to local governments in the first
577
00:28:17,039 --> 00:28:23,120
stage of guangdong's development
578
00:28:19,760 --> 00:28:26,880
the table shows that in don quinn alone
579
00:28:23,120 --> 00:28:29,520
throughout the 1990s
580
00:28:26,880 --> 00:28:30,080
throughout the 1990s the estimated
581
00:28:29,520 --> 00:28:33,200
income
582
00:28:30,080 --> 00:28:34,000
from processing three emitters was more
583
00:28:33,200 --> 00:28:37,120
than
584
00:28:34,000 --> 00:28:39,600
the formal tax revenue
585
00:28:37,120 --> 00:28:40,880
this column is the fiscal revenue the
586
00:28:39,600 --> 00:28:44,080
formal tax
587
00:28:40,880 --> 00:28:47,120
income and this is the estimation of
588
00:28:44,080 --> 00:28:48,559
three percent of processing fees so you
589
00:28:47,120 --> 00:28:54,159
can see from the rate
590
00:28:48,559 --> 00:28:54,159
inc is more than the formal
591
00:28:54,320 --> 00:29:02,720
revenues here the amount
592
00:28:58,559 --> 00:29:02,720
more than this column
593
00:29:05,279 --> 00:29:12,399
so up until 2003
594
00:29:08,480 --> 00:29:15,760
this year two years these two years
595
00:29:12,399 --> 00:29:18,960
after china had entered the wto
596
00:29:15,760 --> 00:29:23,200
the process increased the mana command
597
00:29:18,960 --> 00:29:23,200
source of local government income
598
00:29:23,279 --> 00:29:28,880
next please since the mid oats
599
00:29:27,120 --> 00:29:31,840
the chinese government has faced a
600
00:29:28,880 --> 00:29:34,640
serious challenge of upgrading
601
00:29:31,840 --> 00:29:36,480
tai-san have also faced some
602
00:29:34,640 --> 00:29:40,640
difficulties
603
00:29:36,480 --> 00:29:43,919
in the traditional industries
604
00:29:40,640 --> 00:29:46,559
they have faced a double challenge from
605
00:29:43,919 --> 00:29:48,080
international competition and from their
606
00:29:46,559 --> 00:29:50,720
own company
607
00:29:48,080 --> 00:29:51,520
excuse me and also from the million
608
00:29:50,720 --> 00:29:55,120
other companies
609
00:29:51,520 --> 00:29:56,159
sleeping at their heels this has forced
610
00:29:55,120 --> 00:29:58,399
taishan to
611
00:29:56,159 --> 00:30:00,480
transform they have to transform they
612
00:29:58,399 --> 00:30:03,039
have to upgrade
613
00:30:00,480 --> 00:30:03,600
and apart from crossing down or skip
614
00:30:03,039 --> 00:30:06,640
town
615
00:30:03,600 --> 00:30:08,320
you know they have three options the
616
00:30:06,640 --> 00:30:11,360
first one is to transform
617
00:30:08,320 --> 00:30:12,960
or upgrade on the site the second is to
618
00:30:11,360 --> 00:30:16,480
move inland
619
00:30:12,960 --> 00:30:19,760
areas and the last one is to move
620
00:30:16,480 --> 00:30:22,799
forces here we are seeing a
621
00:30:19,760 --> 00:30:24,880
new shift in the global values next
622
00:30:22,799 --> 00:30:28,000
please
623
00:30:24,880 --> 00:30:30,320
again the case of eu is illuminating
624
00:30:28,000 --> 00:30:31,440
under pressure from the government the
625
00:30:30,320 --> 00:30:34,240
company changes
626
00:30:31,440 --> 00:30:36,720
registration from a processing factor
627
00:30:34,240 --> 00:30:38,880
that is from a lighter jaguar
628
00:30:36,720 --> 00:30:41,520
into a single venture foreign
629
00:30:38,880 --> 00:30:44,720
corporation into a bluetooth consul
630
00:30:41,520 --> 00:30:45,360
so law is a legal entity and he it has
631
00:30:44,720 --> 00:30:49,440
to pay
632
00:30:45,360 --> 00:30:52,080
tax since the new century
633
00:30:49,440 --> 00:30:52,799
yen has moved most of its production
634
00:30:52,080 --> 00:30:55,840
lines
635
00:30:52,799 --> 00:30:58,240
to the inland regions but
636
00:30:55,840 --> 00:30:59,600
its most important moment has been to
637
00:30:58,240 --> 00:31:03,279
take production
638
00:30:59,600 --> 00:31:07,679
lines overseas mainly to vietnam
639
00:31:03,279 --> 00:31:07,679
and indonesia next please
640
00:31:11,919 --> 00:31:17,200
as you can see from this figure is
641
00:31:14,720 --> 00:31:21,519
potassium volume in china declined
642
00:31:17,200 --> 00:31:24,720
from 38 percent in 2012
643
00:31:21,519 --> 00:31:26,960
all the way down to nine percent this
644
00:31:24,720 --> 00:31:26,960
year
645
00:31:28,399 --> 00:31:36,080
by by way of cultures
646
00:31:32,000 --> 00:31:39,840
alone now takes up about 44 percent
647
00:31:36,080 --> 00:31:41,919
and the indonesia 43 of eu's global
648
00:31:39,840 --> 00:31:45,440
production
649
00:31:41,919 --> 00:31:46,320
in the late votes the chinese government
650
00:31:45,440 --> 00:31:49,679
began
651
00:31:46,320 --> 00:31:51,200
in adding new labor laws and improving
652
00:31:49,679 --> 00:31:52,720
working conditions for the migrant
653
00:31:51,200 --> 00:31:55,360
workers
654
00:31:52,720 --> 00:31:56,320
these new state policies gave labor and
655
00:31:55,360 --> 00:32:00,000
local government
656
00:31:56,320 --> 00:32:03,679
governments an incentive to demand
657
00:32:00,000 --> 00:32:07,120
better pay from foreign companies
658
00:32:03,679 --> 00:32:10,399
they also contributed a wave
659
00:32:07,120 --> 00:32:14,159
of strikes in guangdong not
660
00:32:10,399 --> 00:32:17,600
surprisingly indian experiences strike
661
00:32:14,159 --> 00:32:21,440
in 2014 the workers
662
00:32:17,600 --> 00:32:25,200
depends what that demands back payment
663
00:32:21,440 --> 00:32:28,120
of social insurance freeze surpassing
664
00:32:25,200 --> 00:32:29,840
and also the housing providence once
665
00:32:28,120 --> 00:32:33,440
souvenging
666
00:32:29,840 --> 00:32:37,760
as a result ian paid a total of
667
00:32:33,440 --> 00:32:40,399
four hundred million yen i mean b
668
00:32:37,760 --> 00:32:43,840
four hundred million number b in the
669
00:32:40,399 --> 00:32:46,960
back payments the company estimated that
670
00:32:43,840 --> 00:32:50,240
this would add about 1.50 cents
671
00:32:46,960 --> 00:32:51,200
to the cost of each pair of membrane
672
00:32:50,240 --> 00:32:56,159
shoes
673
00:32:51,200 --> 00:32:59,519
from then on let's please
674
00:32:56,159 --> 00:33:02,000
after strikes and paying the costs
675
00:32:59,519 --> 00:33:03,360
here and try to ask for a higher price
676
00:33:02,000 --> 00:33:07,360
from the orders from
677
00:33:03,360 --> 00:33:12,320
the trends the following response
678
00:33:07,360 --> 00:33:15,519
was reported by a manager
679
00:33:12,320 --> 00:33:18,559
he said the result was not
680
00:33:15,519 --> 00:33:21,760
a client that is brand phones say sorry
681
00:33:18,559 --> 00:33:24,799
and just ran off because
682
00:33:21,760 --> 00:33:27,919
because it's still producing additives
683
00:33:24,799 --> 00:33:30,960
and yet if only you says
684
00:33:27,919 --> 00:33:33,519
i want to raise crisis
685
00:33:30,960 --> 00:33:34,559
then you either don't think it's worth
686
00:33:33,519 --> 00:33:37,600
the trouble
687
00:33:34,559 --> 00:33:40,880
or you don't continue usually
688
00:33:37,600 --> 00:33:43,919
with a sales unit to negotiate price
689
00:33:40,880 --> 00:33:48,240
and get an extra 2 only 2 or
690
00:33:43,919 --> 00:33:52,080
3 cents is already a miracle
691
00:33:48,240 --> 00:33:55,519
so the major brands like nike and adidas
692
00:33:52,080 --> 00:33:58,720
actually won't pay the whole amount
693
00:33:55,519 --> 00:33:59,840
they said you want 1.50 cents i will
694
00:33:58,720 --> 00:34:03,039
give you
695
00:33:59,840 --> 00:34:03,519
70 cents from the perspective of the
696
00:34:03,039 --> 00:34:07,440
prime
697
00:34:03,519 --> 00:34:10,560
buyer i'm going to buy where the prices
698
00:34:07,440 --> 00:34:13,679
are cheaper i'm good
699
00:34:10,560 --> 00:34:16,879
next please chasing low
700
00:34:13,679 --> 00:34:18,960
labor costs is the fate of labor
701
00:34:16,879 --> 00:34:23,280
intensive industries
702
00:34:18,960 --> 00:34:24,079
in our thai sound story indian is a mega
703
00:34:23,280 --> 00:34:27,440
factory
704
00:34:24,079 --> 00:34:28,960
but it's still painstakingly climbing
705
00:34:27,440 --> 00:34:32,000
the leg power ladder
706
00:34:28,960 --> 00:34:34,240
of the gvc moreover
707
00:34:32,000 --> 00:34:35,440
tai sang are facing the situation of
708
00:34:34,240 --> 00:34:37,919
mainland factories
709
00:34:35,440 --> 00:34:40,320
or lose your tongue catching up from
710
00:34:37,919 --> 00:34:40,320
behind
711
00:34:41,839 --> 00:34:49,919
local suppliers have production skills
712
00:34:46,320 --> 00:34:53,919
directly from international buyers
713
00:34:49,919 --> 00:34:57,200
a manager in dongwan don quixot
714
00:34:53,919 --> 00:34:57,520
anticipated that ian would move all of
715
00:34:57,200 --> 00:35:00,960
its
716
00:34:57,520 --> 00:35:02,720
production lines out of congo within 10
717
00:35:00,960 --> 00:35:06,079
years
718
00:35:02,720 --> 00:35:08,079
and this has actually happened
719
00:35:06,079 --> 00:35:10,000
but before we jump to this conclusion
720
00:35:08,079 --> 00:35:12,960
there's twist in the story
721
00:35:10,000 --> 00:35:14,640
the fact is that tyson themselves have
722
00:35:12,960 --> 00:35:17,359
been cultivating
723
00:35:14,640 --> 00:35:17,680
this many suppliers over the years over
724
00:35:17,359 --> 00:35:21,599
the
725
00:35:17,680 --> 00:35:23,920
20 30 years many of chinese suppliers
726
00:35:21,599 --> 00:35:24,640
that have cut into supply chain and
727
00:35:23,920 --> 00:35:27,760
again
728
00:35:24,640 --> 00:35:31,599
they are working experience in taiwan
729
00:35:27,760 --> 00:35:34,640
these factories they started out
730
00:35:31,599 --> 00:35:37,119
as apprentices under taiwanese process
731
00:35:34,640 --> 00:35:37,920
and learn production and management
732
00:35:37,119 --> 00:35:41,440
skills
733
00:35:37,920 --> 00:35:46,000
from their talents mentors in taiwan
734
00:35:41,440 --> 00:35:46,000
this is a process we call ochu
735
00:35:48,000 --> 00:35:54,400
or in english it's translated
736
00:35:51,040 --> 00:35:56,560
as apprentice turned boss
737
00:35:54,400 --> 00:35:58,240
what's happening now in mainland china
738
00:35:56,560 --> 00:36:00,599
is very not much
739
00:35:58,240 --> 00:36:02,000
like what happened in taiwan during the
740
00:36:00,599 --> 00:36:06,400
1960s
741
00:36:02,000 --> 00:36:09,440
through the 90s next please
742
00:36:06,400 --> 00:36:11,359
for this reason her fellow sociologists
743
00:36:09,440 --> 00:36:13,680
sent a poe
744
00:36:11,359 --> 00:36:14,560
i'm sure chippong is also at this
745
00:36:13,680 --> 00:36:18,079
conference
746
00:36:14,560 --> 00:36:21,760
and the support is there right
747
00:36:18,079 --> 00:36:25,440
now that is
748
00:36:21,760 --> 00:36:29,599
an enterprise under taiwanese system
749
00:36:25,440 --> 00:36:32,640
i slightly refresh it as kaizen she
750
00:36:29,599 --> 00:36:33,359
loses her which means mainland owned
751
00:36:32,640 --> 00:36:36,560
battery
752
00:36:33,359 --> 00:36:37,520
under the taiwanese system or avenues of
753
00:36:36,560 --> 00:36:41,119
culturated
754
00:36:37,520 --> 00:36:43,680
mainland owned factories
755
00:36:41,119 --> 00:36:43,680
next please
756
00:36:44,400 --> 00:36:48,000
the localization process has been
757
00:36:47,200 --> 00:36:50,320
accompanied
758
00:36:48,000 --> 00:36:51,760
by technical emulation and cultural
759
00:36:50,320 --> 00:36:55,839
diffusion
760
00:36:51,760 --> 00:36:59,200
as they run up the gvc ladder
761
00:36:55,839 --> 00:37:03,040
mainland factors also strive to catch up
762
00:36:59,200 --> 00:37:05,359
with tyson in this transformation
763
00:37:03,040 --> 00:37:06,480
many thai sounds survive the source of
764
00:37:05,359 --> 00:37:08,640
upgrading
765
00:37:06,480 --> 00:37:09,599
they have evolved from a contract
766
00:37:08,640 --> 00:37:12,960
manufacturer
767
00:37:09,599 --> 00:37:13,680
in the gbc to equate like international
768
00:37:12,960 --> 00:37:17,200
buyer
769
00:37:13,680 --> 00:37:19,280
or supply chain integrator
770
00:37:17,200 --> 00:37:20,560
python that remain in the pro river
771
00:37:19,280 --> 00:37:24,320
delta were
772
00:37:20,560 --> 00:37:27,839
those who survived new state policy
773
00:37:24,320 --> 00:37:32,240
changes and the labor strikes and also
774
00:37:27,839 --> 00:37:34,560
achieved at least a level of upgrading
775
00:37:32,240 --> 00:37:34,560
next
776
00:37:35,599 --> 00:37:40,960
the please of ian
777
00:37:38,640 --> 00:37:42,720
and other companies testifies to the
778
00:37:40,960 --> 00:37:46,160
survival ability
779
00:37:42,720 --> 00:37:49,520
of this category of thai song even so
780
00:37:46,160 --> 00:37:52,640
as long as tai sang [ __ ] to their
781
00:37:49,520 --> 00:37:54,240
survival in the hegemonic logic of the
782
00:37:52,640 --> 00:37:57,440
gvc
783
00:37:54,240 --> 00:37:59,680
today we are continuing to face the
784
00:37:57,440 --> 00:38:01,119
pressure of being overtaken by many
785
00:37:59,680 --> 00:38:04,079
factories
786
00:38:01,119 --> 00:38:05,200
the game rules for climbing the gvc
787
00:38:04,079 --> 00:38:08,240
power ladder
788
00:38:05,200 --> 00:38:10,320
were established by the lead phones
789
00:38:08,240 --> 00:38:12,160
and the tyson can only cling to their
790
00:38:10,320 --> 00:38:15,760
number two position
791
00:38:12,160 --> 00:38:16,079
by following the lead bombs so the titan
792
00:38:15,760 --> 00:38:19,280
is
793
00:38:16,079 --> 00:38:21,839
all almost always chasing
794
00:38:19,280 --> 00:38:23,680
you know trying to catch up in the power
795
00:38:21,839 --> 00:38:27,520
layer of gvc
796
00:38:23,680 --> 00:38:30,079
next please more recently
797
00:38:27,520 --> 00:38:30,720
apple began sending iphone assembly
798
00:38:30,079 --> 00:38:34,160
orders
799
00:38:30,720 --> 00:38:37,520
to a mainland factory niche its
800
00:38:34,160 --> 00:38:40,800
large luxury ice ict
801
00:38:37,520 --> 00:38:41,440
incentive this was the first iphone
802
00:38:40,800 --> 00:38:45,440
order
803
00:38:41,440 --> 00:38:49,119
given to a manufacturer the founder of
804
00:38:45,440 --> 00:38:52,320
res wong was a line worker
805
00:38:49,119 --> 00:38:55,839
at fasco before he started
806
00:38:52,320 --> 00:38:59,440
establishing her own company in 2004
807
00:38:55,839 --> 00:39:03,040
in this reorganizing of apple
808
00:38:59,440 --> 00:39:05,359
gvc in china last year merged
809
00:39:03,040 --> 00:39:07,280
naturally merged with two javanese
810
00:39:05,359 --> 00:39:11,040
factories
811
00:39:07,280 --> 00:39:15,359
and that assembled apple
812
00:39:11,040 --> 00:39:18,400
cell phones this company also employs
813
00:39:15,359 --> 00:39:21,760
many companies technicians and managers
814
00:39:18,400 --> 00:39:23,680
and has several fabulous suppliers among
815
00:39:21,760 --> 00:39:26,880
its investors
816
00:39:23,680 --> 00:39:29,760
so lecture is called
817
00:39:26,880 --> 00:39:30,480
an enterprise with taiwanese phones show
818
00:39:29,760 --> 00:39:33,920
up
819
00:39:30,480 --> 00:39:33,920
in manual skin
820
00:39:36,720 --> 00:39:43,839
next please
821
00:39:46,880 --> 00:39:52,720
apple is dividing its global market
822
00:39:49,920 --> 00:39:53,359
into a china market under a non-china
823
00:39:52,720 --> 00:39:56,800
market
824
00:39:53,359 --> 00:39:59,680
next please
825
00:39:56,800 --> 00:40:00,960
in all conceptualization the story of
826
00:39:59,680 --> 00:40:04,000
grace one
827
00:40:00,960 --> 00:40:04,960
is another example of oculus pentaho
828
00:40:04,000 --> 00:40:08,480
game
829
00:40:04,960 --> 00:40:12,000
this time it occurred in icd sector
830
00:40:08,480 --> 00:40:15,920
which signals china is moving up the gvc
831
00:40:12,000 --> 00:40:15,920
ladder next
832
00:40:16,160 --> 00:40:21,280
since the early 2010s china began
833
00:40:19,520 --> 00:40:25,839
promoting a big push
834
00:40:21,280 --> 00:40:25,839
industrial upgrading strategy
835
00:40:26,720 --> 00:40:29,280
next please
836
00:40:30,400 --> 00:40:36,400
in fact this is a grand roadmap
837
00:40:33,920 --> 00:40:37,760
for developing national power and it
838
00:40:36,400 --> 00:40:40,000
includes
839
00:40:37,760 --> 00:40:41,280
the following steps the bail over
840
00:40:40,000 --> 00:40:45,119
initiative
841
00:40:41,280 --> 00:40:48,480
in 2013 asian infrastructure
842
00:40:45,119 --> 00:40:51,680
investment bank iaip a big fund
843
00:40:48,480 --> 00:40:56,880
for the semiconductor supply chain and
844
00:40:51,680 --> 00:41:00,160
made in china 2025 with its first item
845
00:40:56,880 --> 00:41:00,800
the semiconductor suppression these
846
00:41:00,160 --> 00:41:04,079
plants
847
00:41:00,800 --> 00:41:05,359
are very a bit ambitious unlike the
848
00:41:04,079 --> 00:41:07,839
trajectory of
849
00:41:05,359 --> 00:41:08,720
following the gvc to forge the factory
850
00:41:07,839 --> 00:41:12,240
of the world
851
00:41:08,720 --> 00:41:15,760
like the taiwanese or like
852
00:41:12,240 --> 00:41:19,280
the traditional industry in independent
853
00:41:15,760 --> 00:41:22,480
the new state policies seek to bypass
854
00:41:19,280 --> 00:41:23,760
the west dominated gvcs and try to
855
00:41:22,480 --> 00:41:27,280
create
856
00:41:23,760 --> 00:41:30,560
china's own red supply chains
857
00:41:27,280 --> 00:41:34,000
based on my research two years ago
858
00:41:30,560 --> 00:41:37,359
26 new foundry plans were to be
859
00:41:34,000 --> 00:41:40,880
built between the two year period
860
00:41:37,359 --> 00:41:44,400
between 2018 and
861
00:41:40,880 --> 00:41:48,160
2020. 26.
862
00:41:44,400 --> 00:41:51,280
the the big font further
863
00:41:48,160 --> 00:41:54,640
some of these projects but
864
00:41:51,280 --> 00:41:58,400
by the amit 2020 that is this year
865
00:41:54,640 --> 00:42:01,680
and this summer many such
866
00:41:58,400 --> 00:42:05,200
plants had already failed
867
00:42:01,680 --> 00:42:07,839
by contrast two companies have made
868
00:42:05,200 --> 00:42:08,480
substantial progress that is huawei and
869
00:42:07,839 --> 00:42:11,760
this mic
870
00:42:08,480 --> 00:42:15,440
from shinkoji huawei's subsidiaries
871
00:42:11,760 --> 00:42:19,359
acidico is developed by great
872
00:42:15,440 --> 00:42:22,720
chip design capability likewise
873
00:42:19,359 --> 00:42:23,839
snake has been able to produce 40
874
00:42:22,720 --> 00:42:27,440
nanometer
875
00:42:23,839 --> 00:42:29,760
chips yet the u.s government
876
00:42:27,440 --> 00:42:31,440
has put far away on the entity list
877
00:42:29,760 --> 00:42:34,720
since last year
878
00:42:31,440 --> 00:42:38,640
due to national security concerns smick
879
00:42:34,720 --> 00:42:42,000
was also put on the busy nation
880
00:42:38,640 --> 00:42:44,560
in put on the daily nation list
881
00:42:42,000 --> 00:42:45,599
this year china cannot make a
882
00:42:44,560 --> 00:42:48,720
breakthrough
883
00:42:45,599 --> 00:42:52,000
without technology from the u.s and
884
00:42:48,720 --> 00:42:58,880
other western countries
885
00:42:52,000 --> 00:43:01,359
is evident next please
886
00:42:58,880 --> 00:43:02,560
why is china's ambition being challenged
887
00:43:01,359 --> 00:43:05,119
by the u.s
888
00:43:02,560 --> 00:43:06,079
most of you are probably aware of the
889
00:43:05,119 --> 00:43:09,040
reasons
890
00:43:06,079 --> 00:43:10,079
so for the sake of time i will just skip
891
00:43:09,040 --> 00:43:13,839
this slide
892
00:43:10,079 --> 00:43:13,839
thanks please
893
00:43:14,160 --> 00:43:21,200
the u.s began waging its technology war
894
00:43:17,359 --> 00:43:23,599
against china since 2018.
895
00:43:21,200 --> 00:43:24,400
the target was high-grade semi-conductor
896
00:43:23,599 --> 00:43:26,880
chips
897
00:43:24,400 --> 00:43:27,760
china has now been almost completely
898
00:43:26,880 --> 00:43:30,400
reliant
899
00:43:27,760 --> 00:43:31,760
on the u.s for its supply of high-grade
900
00:43:30,400 --> 00:43:34,400
ships
901
00:43:31,760 --> 00:43:34,960
the chief's shortage pain changing the
902
00:43:34,400 --> 00:43:40,160
tongue
903
00:43:34,960 --> 00:43:43,280
so to speak cannot be cured overnight
904
00:43:40,160 --> 00:43:47,200
next so what are the
905
00:43:43,280 --> 00:43:49,760
prospects for the u.s china rivalry
906
00:43:47,200 --> 00:43:51,440
the trump administration has attempted a
907
00:43:49,760 --> 00:43:55,440
policy of
908
00:43:51,440 --> 00:43:58,960
the coupling with china yet 40 years
909
00:43:55,440 --> 00:44:02,079
of globalization have integrated
910
00:43:58,960 --> 00:44:04,640
china's economy with the whole world
911
00:44:02,079 --> 00:44:05,680
the u.s recovering from china would be a
912
00:44:04,640 --> 00:44:09,280
long process
913
00:44:05,680 --> 00:44:12,640
if not possible the final administration
914
00:44:09,280 --> 00:44:16,400
may engage a china policy that
915
00:44:12,640 --> 00:44:20,319
differs from trump's the whole world
916
00:44:16,400 --> 00:44:25,119
is watching what the biden team will do
917
00:44:20,319 --> 00:44:28,400
on china and besides at the world market
918
00:44:25,119 --> 00:44:31,520
china continued china continues to
919
00:44:28,400 --> 00:44:34,839
attract wall street tycoons
920
00:44:31,520 --> 00:44:38,560
as you can see the ipo of ants group uh
921
00:44:34,839 --> 00:44:42,079
just uh a week ago [ __ ] fresh
922
00:44:38,560 --> 00:44:42,079
and hey
923
00:44:43,599 --> 00:44:51,680
thai queens are joining us
924
00:44:47,040 --> 00:44:55,040
so china
925
00:44:51,680 --> 00:44:58,480
just to mention of you now
926
00:44:55,040 --> 00:45:04,079
next please now my concluding
927
00:44:58,480 --> 00:45:07,599
section next please
928
00:45:04,079 --> 00:45:08,480
i have tried to make clear numerous tai
929
00:45:07,599 --> 00:45:11,599
sang
930
00:45:08,480 --> 00:45:13,520
have contributed to china's rights
931
00:45:11,599 --> 00:45:15,520
especially during its first phase of
932
00:45:13,520 --> 00:45:18,160
opening reform
933
00:45:15,520 --> 00:45:18,880
china's economic development is facing a
934
00:45:18,160 --> 00:45:21,760
critical
935
00:45:18,880 --> 00:45:23,920
turning point right now based on the
936
00:45:21,760 --> 00:45:26,960
current chinese blueprint
937
00:45:23,920 --> 00:45:29,200
it appears that china no longer sees
938
00:45:26,960 --> 00:45:32,960
taiwan as an essential partner
939
00:45:29,200 --> 00:45:36,079
for its further development but
940
00:45:32,960 --> 00:45:38,560
let us first look at the trend of in
941
00:45:36,079 --> 00:45:40,000
taiwan's economic relations with china
942
00:45:38,560 --> 00:45:44,160
at the macro level
943
00:45:40,000 --> 00:45:44,160
over the last 20 years
944
00:45:44,240 --> 00:45:49,119
as you can see from this figure this
945
00:45:46,319 --> 00:45:50,880
video 3 shows taiwan's intense trade
946
00:45:49,119 --> 00:45:53,040
relations with china
947
00:45:50,880 --> 00:45:55,040
taiwan's trade dependence with china
948
00:45:53,040 --> 00:45:57,280
lingus
949
00:45:55,040 --> 00:45:58,240
up until now it still lingers around 30
950
00:45:57,280 --> 00:46:00,800
percent
951
00:45:58,240 --> 00:46:03,440
and the ratio of taiwan's export
952
00:46:00,800 --> 00:46:07,839
concentration with china remains a high
953
00:46:03,440 --> 00:46:07,839
40 percent
954
00:46:08,960 --> 00:46:15,280
to a great extent the trader volume
955
00:46:12,000 --> 00:46:17,839
effect triangular traditions
956
00:46:15,280 --> 00:46:19,119
therefore taiwan is not dependent on
957
00:46:17,839 --> 00:46:21,839
china
958
00:46:19,119 --> 00:46:22,640
from china is the best market extra
959
00:46:21,839 --> 00:46:26,160
numbers
960
00:46:22,640 --> 00:46:29,520
might suggest it was glance
961
00:46:26,160 --> 00:46:30,800
and yet the contract's economic
962
00:46:29,520 --> 00:46:35,520
interdependence
963
00:46:30,800 --> 00:46:35,520
between both sides is undeniable
964
00:46:35,599 --> 00:46:41,520
next please figure 4
965
00:46:39,599 --> 00:46:43,839
shows the trend in taiwan's direct
966
00:46:41,520 --> 00:46:46,240
investment in china as a share of its
967
00:46:43,839 --> 00:46:50,839
global investment
968
00:46:46,240 --> 00:46:54,400
up up to the early
969
00:46:50,839 --> 00:46:58,960
2010s around this area
970
00:46:54,400 --> 00:46:58,960
it's a peak is the peak
971
00:46:59,760 --> 00:47:04,319
china took the largest chunk at more
972
00:47:03,040 --> 00:47:07,839
than 80 percent
973
00:47:04,319 --> 00:47:11,880
this line of eighty percent nine
974
00:47:07,839 --> 00:47:16,240
is more than eighty percent here in
975
00:47:11,880 --> 00:47:16,240
2010 to 2011
976
00:47:17,200 --> 00:47:24,400
so you can see how how much
977
00:47:20,480 --> 00:47:28,599
is the attraction of of china to
978
00:47:24,400 --> 00:47:30,720
to taiwan to thai south but since around
979
00:47:28,599 --> 00:47:33,119
2011
980
00:47:30,720 --> 00:47:34,160
taiwanese money has largely been
981
00:47:33,119 --> 00:47:37,599
reoriented
982
00:47:34,160 --> 00:47:39,520
with orienting elsewhere so it's going
983
00:47:37,599 --> 00:47:43,520
down dropping
984
00:47:39,520 --> 00:47:43,520
there's a trend until now
985
00:47:43,760 --> 00:47:47,280
more recently france has been restored
986
00:47:45,920 --> 00:47:50,319
to taiwan
987
00:47:47,280 --> 00:47:53,920
this capital movement began however
988
00:47:50,319 --> 00:47:57,280
before the u.s trade war
989
00:47:53,920 --> 00:48:01,839
u.s china trade war but the trade war
990
00:47:57,280 --> 00:48:04,400
has accelerated the process
991
00:48:01,839 --> 00:48:04,400
next week
992
00:48:05,359 --> 00:48:08,559
right now china is facing double
993
00:48:07,359 --> 00:48:12,960
pressure from within
994
00:48:08,559 --> 00:48:15,760
a result the chinese economy has
995
00:48:12,960 --> 00:48:16,559
actually has slowed down and there's a
996
00:48:15,760 --> 00:48:19,200
big
997
00:48:16,559 --> 00:48:20,640
uncertainty used in the u.s china
998
00:48:19,200 --> 00:48:23,599
library
999
00:48:20,640 --> 00:48:23,920
the xi jinping government has iterated
1000
00:48:23,599 --> 00:48:27,119
as
1001
00:48:23,920 --> 00:48:30,160
new slogan of double circulation
1002
00:48:27,119 --> 00:48:32,960
function 1 within which
1003
00:48:30,160 --> 00:48:34,000
with elephant emphasis on internal
1004
00:48:32,960 --> 00:48:36,960
circulation
1005
00:48:34,000 --> 00:48:37,599
nationwide xi jinping has recently
1006
00:48:36,960 --> 00:48:40,640
talked about
1007
00:48:37,599 --> 00:48:41,040
forming china standards he said we had
1008
00:48:40,640 --> 00:48:44,559
to
1009
00:48:41,040 --> 00:48:48,000
make major breakthrough in critical core
1010
00:48:44,559 --> 00:48:48,240
technologies making a brexit in a block
1011
00:48:48,000 --> 00:48:51,599
of
1012
00:48:48,240 --> 00:48:51,920
core components putting forward a block
1013
00:48:51,599 --> 00:48:55,200
of
1014
00:48:51,920 --> 00:48:58,319
high-grade products and forming a block
1015
00:48:55,200 --> 00:49:01,680
of china standards
1016
00:48:58,319 --> 00:49:06,000
during the 30 years from now
1017
00:49:01,680 --> 00:49:09,440
until the mid century until the mid
1018
00:49:06,000 --> 00:49:13,119
21st century china will construct
1019
00:49:09,440 --> 00:49:16,480
a modernized strong socialist
1020
00:49:13,119 --> 00:49:19,599
nation she says
1021
00:49:16,480 --> 00:49:22,960
30 years from now this talk
1022
00:49:19,599 --> 00:49:26,480
appears to be more realistic than that
1023
00:49:22,960 --> 00:49:29,839
announced in the ambitious mad
1024
00:49:26,480 --> 00:49:33,119
in china 2025
1025
00:49:29,839 --> 00:49:36,559
china is still keen to acquire advanced
1026
00:49:33,119 --> 00:49:45,839
technologies from abroad to boost its
1027
00:49:36,559 --> 00:49:45,839
people's strategy
1028
00:49:48,960 --> 00:49:51,520
alliance
1029
00:49:52,079 --> 00:49:57,839
we can identify two models emerging
1030
00:49:55,280 --> 00:50:00,400
the first model is the first of a new
1031
00:49:57,839 --> 00:50:01,760
ecosystem with chinese capital as its
1032
00:50:00,400 --> 00:50:05,359
foundation
1033
00:50:01,760 --> 00:50:06,480
take the telecommunications industry for
1034
00:50:05,359 --> 00:50:08,880
example
1035
00:50:06,480 --> 00:50:11,359
the state and state-owned capital are
1036
00:50:08,880 --> 00:50:14,640
cooperating with private capital
1037
00:50:11,359 --> 00:50:18,160
to create a value chain system
1038
00:50:14,640 --> 00:50:21,200
controlled by the chinese themselves
1039
00:50:18,160 --> 00:50:22,559
this emerging sector is gradually
1040
00:50:21,200 --> 00:50:24,880
putting pressure
1041
00:50:22,559 --> 00:50:26,400
on international capital and even u.s
1042
00:50:24,880 --> 00:50:29,119
companies
1043
00:50:26,400 --> 00:50:30,160
the second model is led by the mainland
1044
00:50:29,119 --> 00:50:32,800
supply chains
1045
00:50:30,160 --> 00:50:34,079
in the traditional industry it's in
1046
00:50:32,800 --> 00:50:36,480
large part
1047
00:50:34,079 --> 00:50:38,960
generated by the spillover effect from
1048
00:50:36,480 --> 00:50:42,720
the thai sun production networks
1049
00:50:38,960 --> 00:50:45,920
here tyson plays an intermediary
1050
00:50:42,720 --> 00:50:49,839
role as gbc integrators
1051
00:50:45,920 --> 00:50:53,200
and that paisley continue participating
1052
00:50:49,839 --> 00:50:57,599
in the value capture game both
1053
00:50:53,200 --> 00:51:00,319
models involve taisel in different ways
1054
00:50:57,599 --> 00:51:02,000
as as long as china needs to connect
1055
00:51:00,319 --> 00:51:04,640
with the hostile world
1056
00:51:02,000 --> 00:51:05,200
in terms of market in terms of foreign
1057
00:51:04,640 --> 00:51:09,359
exchange
1058
00:51:05,200 --> 00:51:13,200
acquisition and advanced technologies
1059
00:51:09,359 --> 00:51:16,160
china still needs thai sound as an agent
1060
00:51:13,200 --> 00:51:18,720
in turn many thai sounds want to benefit
1061
00:51:16,160 --> 00:51:22,720
from fuller cooperation with china
1062
00:51:18,720 --> 00:51:25,520
and the global capital needs china too
1063
00:51:22,720 --> 00:51:25,520
next slide please
1064
00:51:25,839 --> 00:51:32,720
for example in the footwear industry i
1065
00:51:29,040 --> 00:51:34,400
is at the top of the gvcs still need to
1066
00:51:32,720 --> 00:51:37,359
tai song to serve
1067
00:51:34,400 --> 00:51:39,200
as supply chain integrators globally and
1068
00:51:37,359 --> 00:51:42,640
on the mainland
1069
00:51:39,200 --> 00:51:44,079
as we have seen billion has reduced its
1070
00:51:42,640 --> 00:51:47,680
china capacity
1071
00:51:44,079 --> 00:51:51,040
to a very tiny proportion
1072
00:51:47,680 --> 00:51:52,000
but brand forms the u.n still need
1073
00:51:51,040 --> 00:51:55,839
guangdong
1074
00:51:52,000 --> 00:51:58,960
as an rmd center and some inland areas
1075
00:51:55,839 --> 00:52:02,800
some inland chinese areas
1076
00:51:58,960 --> 00:52:05,760
has high-end production centers
1077
00:52:02,800 --> 00:52:07,200
in the semiconductor industry china has
1078
00:52:05,760 --> 00:52:10,079
tried to construct its
1079
00:52:07,200 --> 00:52:11,200
support supply chain but has met a
1080
00:52:10,079 --> 00:52:13,760
series of
1081
00:52:11,200 --> 00:52:15,520
challenges made of sanctions from the
1082
00:52:13,760 --> 00:52:19,760
u.s government
1083
00:52:15,520 --> 00:52:23,040
u.s sanctions has prevented tsmc
1084
00:52:19,760 --> 00:52:26,079
igt from taiwan u.s senators
1085
00:52:23,040 --> 00:52:30,559
uh have just just told
1086
00:52:26,079 --> 00:52:34,160
tm tsmc that they cannot produce
1087
00:52:30,559 --> 00:52:38,079
chips from huawei since this past
1088
00:52:34,160 --> 00:52:40,480
september for the same reason
1089
00:52:38,079 --> 00:52:41,680
for some reason huawei cannot acquire
1090
00:52:40,480 --> 00:52:44,880
high-grade chips
1091
00:52:41,680 --> 00:52:46,640
from major companies such as qualcomm
1092
00:52:44,880 --> 00:52:48,640
so you can see the sanctions against
1093
00:52:46,640 --> 00:52:51,760
chinese companies are not only from
1094
00:52:48,640 --> 00:52:53,119
the american companies themselves but
1095
00:52:51,760 --> 00:52:57,200
also including
1096
00:52:53,119 --> 00:52:59,520
uh the high-tech companies
1097
00:52:57,200 --> 00:53:01,599
around the world you know why because
1098
00:52:59,520 --> 00:53:03,280
the foreign companies using the u.s
1099
00:53:01,599 --> 00:53:06,720
technology content
1100
00:53:03,280 --> 00:53:09,839
so the u.s government has this leverage
1101
00:53:06,720 --> 00:53:14,000
to to uh to to exert
1102
00:53:09,839 --> 00:53:17,440
uh to use against china
1103
00:53:14,000 --> 00:53:21,040
however many taiwanese engineers
1104
00:53:17,440 --> 00:53:24,079
i mean now still many taiwanese
1105
00:53:21,040 --> 00:53:27,359
engineers work in chinese chip
1106
00:53:24,079 --> 00:53:28,640
public chatters and the design house for
1107
00:53:27,359 --> 00:53:31,280
higher pay
1108
00:53:28,640 --> 00:53:32,960
for higher pay taiwanese companies such
1109
00:53:31,280 --> 00:53:36,240
as mediatek
1110
00:53:32,960 --> 00:53:38,720
also been providing chips
1111
00:53:36,240 --> 00:53:40,559
to major chinese cell phone brands other
1112
00:53:38,720 --> 00:53:43,839
than quality
1113
00:53:40,559 --> 00:53:43,839
next cyclist
1114
00:53:45,359 --> 00:53:48,400
in the wake of u.s sanctions the chinese
1115
00:53:47,839 --> 00:53:50,800
government
1116
00:53:48,400 --> 00:53:52,079
is putting more funds to the
1117
00:53:50,800 --> 00:53:55,680
construction of an
1118
00:53:52,079 --> 00:53:58,800
indigenous semiconductor suppression
1119
00:53:55,680 --> 00:54:02,720
a top tennis manager charles clark
1120
00:53:58,800 --> 00:54:06,400
koji chen who has helped qinghua uni
1121
00:54:02,720 --> 00:54:09,599
group the quality of the quality fun
1122
00:54:06,400 --> 00:54:12,880
produce advanced memory chips
1123
00:54:09,599 --> 00:54:14,800
he recently commented
1124
00:54:12,880 --> 00:54:15,920
china's development in high-grade
1125
00:54:14,800 --> 00:54:19,359
semiconductors
1126
00:54:15,920 --> 00:54:22,319
will be contained by harsh u.s majors
1127
00:54:19,359 --> 00:54:23,280
but in the area of low-grade consumer
1128
00:54:22,319 --> 00:54:26,000
goods
1129
00:54:23,280 --> 00:54:27,760
china can help the world and the third
1130
00:54:26,000 --> 00:54:30,000
person threat
1131
00:54:27,760 --> 00:54:31,760
and there's good chance that china can
1132
00:54:30,000 --> 00:54:35,200
continue to grow
1133
00:54:31,760 --> 00:54:36,960
in next 10 to 15 years china will
1134
00:54:35,200 --> 00:54:40,880
achieve a low grade
1135
00:54:36,960 --> 00:54:40,880
semiconductor supply chain
1136
00:54:43,839 --> 00:54:50,880
it's an opportunity for that
1137
00:54:47,599 --> 00:54:53,839
i think this nation of chinese civic
1138
00:54:50,880 --> 00:54:53,839
development
1139
00:54:55,599 --> 00:55:01,760
and he spent years working for chinese
1140
00:54:59,040 --> 00:55:01,760
chip maker
1141
00:55:02,240 --> 00:55:10,000
next slide please
1142
00:55:06,079 --> 00:55:14,240
but economics can never be isolated
1143
00:55:10,000 --> 00:55:16,799
from politics and geopolitics for taiwan
1144
00:55:14,240 --> 00:55:17,760
dealing with the mainland involves a
1145
00:55:16,799 --> 00:55:22,079
deep-rooted
1146
00:55:17,760 --> 00:55:26,720
problem of security does taiwan have to
1147
00:55:22,079 --> 00:55:29,520
choose between security and prosperity
1148
00:55:26,720 --> 00:55:30,960
and in the case of some high-tech
1149
00:55:29,520 --> 00:55:34,079
families companies
1150
00:55:30,960 --> 00:55:37,520
can unless continue to sit on a fence
1151
00:55:34,079 --> 00:55:41,040
or do they have to pick aside
1152
00:55:37,520 --> 00:55:44,079
those who understand the validativity
1153
00:55:41,040 --> 00:55:46,480
of the world holder will not accuse the
1154
00:55:44,079 --> 00:55:50,240
founder of tsmc morris chairman
1155
00:55:46,480 --> 00:55:54,079
of being an alarmist what he says
1156
00:55:50,240 --> 00:55:57,119
in this time tsmc just quietly plays
1157
00:55:54,079 --> 00:55:57,760
its part in the supply chain but when
1158
00:55:57,119 --> 00:56:00,799
the world
1159
00:55:57,760 --> 00:56:04,240
gets restless which is now
1160
00:56:00,799 --> 00:56:07,520
tsmc becomes a fatal ground
1161
00:56:04,240 --> 00:56:10,640
for geo strategies
1162
00:56:07,520 --> 00:56:12,000
morrison accurately diagnosed a problem
1163
00:56:10,640 --> 00:56:15,839
of our time
1164
00:56:12,000 --> 00:56:16,400
but the battleground the fund is such
1165
00:56:15,839 --> 00:56:19,599
it's not
1166
00:56:16,400 --> 00:56:23,520
merely applied to tsmc but
1167
00:56:19,599 --> 00:56:26,880
to the entirety of thai song and taiwan
1168
00:56:23,520 --> 00:56:31,839
just to say the least thank you
1169
00:56:26,880 --> 00:56:31,839
thank you for your patience
1170
00:56:34,559 --> 00:56:41,520
thank you very much dr woo
1171
00:56:38,160 --> 00:56:45,359
thank you so much for your informative
1172
00:56:41,520 --> 00:56:48,319
insightful and provoking talk
1173
00:56:45,359 --> 00:56:50,559
and i have learned so much from it and
1174
00:56:48,319 --> 00:56:53,760
now we have just a few minutes
1175
00:56:50,559 --> 00:56:57,839
because our session has to end around 6
1176
00:56:53,760 --> 00:56:58,079
10 and so please write your answer in
1177
00:56:57,839 --> 00:57:02,079
the
1178
00:56:58,079 --> 00:57:05,599
q a and or chat
1179
00:57:02,079 --> 00:57:09,359
in webex if i cannot get to your
1180
00:57:05,599 --> 00:57:12,640
questions then i will pass them on to
1181
00:57:09,359 --> 00:57:15,599
dr wu afterwards um so
1182
00:57:12,640 --> 00:57:18,559
let me exercise my privilege as a
1183
00:57:15,599 --> 00:57:21,760
moderator to ask my first question
1184
00:57:18,559 --> 00:57:23,280
i actually have a bunch of questions so
1185
00:57:21,760 --> 00:57:27,440
um
1186
00:57:23,280 --> 00:57:28,000
you and and also i read your book on
1187
00:57:27,440 --> 00:57:31,359
brands
1188
00:57:28,000 --> 00:57:33,359
developmental state um you um
1189
00:57:31,359 --> 00:57:34,400
uh argue that public can play an
1190
00:57:33,359 --> 00:57:38,079
important role
1191
00:57:34,400 --> 00:57:41,200
in china's economic reform in particular
1192
00:57:38,079 --> 00:57:44,480
by acting as intermediaries or bridge
1193
00:57:41,200 --> 00:57:46,319
to help the chinese earn their first pot
1194
00:57:44,480 --> 00:57:49,440
of gold in guangdong province
1195
00:57:46,319 --> 00:57:50,720
and indirectly contributed greatly to
1196
00:57:49,440 --> 00:57:54,559
china rising
1197
00:57:50,720 --> 00:57:57,200
so that was in the 1990s and 2000s
1198
00:57:54,559 --> 00:57:57,200
what about
1199
00:57:57,680 --> 00:58:01,440
wow you you talk a little about the two
1200
00:58:00,640 --> 00:58:05,359
models
1201
00:58:01,440 --> 00:58:08,480
so i'd like you to say very briefly
1202
00:58:05,359 --> 00:58:10,640
what effects will
1203
00:58:08,480 --> 00:58:11,839
taishan and their business network
1204
00:58:10,640 --> 00:58:16,720
happiness economy
1205
00:58:11,839 --> 00:58:18,319
and in particular cross-strait relations
1206
00:58:16,720 --> 00:58:20,799
okay you want me to answer this question
1207
00:58:18,319 --> 00:58:20,799
right now
1208
00:58:21,040 --> 00:58:25,200
yeah please okay i'll make it briefly
1209
00:58:23,520 --> 00:58:28,559
because we don't have much time
1210
00:58:25,200 --> 00:58:31,040
i think as i said in my presentation uh
1211
00:58:28,559 --> 00:58:32,720
it seems like the chinese leadership
1212
00:58:31,040 --> 00:58:35,680
don't think tai sang is
1213
00:58:32,720 --> 00:58:36,400
more is as important as before and it's
1214
00:58:35,680 --> 00:58:39,119
just
1215
00:58:36,400 --> 00:58:40,240
let's not deny that tai sang as a mec
1216
00:58:39,119 --> 00:58:43,359
has made a
1217
00:58:40,240 --> 00:58:44,240
major contribution to chinese economic
1218
00:58:43,359 --> 00:58:47,200
rights
1219
00:58:44,240 --> 00:58:48,160
for the first 20 years i would say but
1220
00:58:47,200 --> 00:58:51,280
over the last
1221
00:58:48,160 --> 00:58:53,440
10 years we see that chinese industry
1222
00:58:51,280 --> 00:58:54,400
indigenous supply chain has been
1223
00:58:53,440 --> 00:58:56,480
emerging
1224
00:58:54,400 --> 00:58:58,000
so i think the chinese government and
1225
00:58:56,480 --> 00:59:00,720
also some
1226
00:58:58,000 --> 00:59:01,680
chinese companies are much more
1227
00:59:00,720 --> 00:59:05,280
confident
1228
00:59:01,680 --> 00:59:08,559
they can develop their own supply chains
1229
00:59:05,280 --> 00:59:12,079
and they are even want to bypass
1230
00:59:08,559 --> 00:59:13,760
the existing uh supply chains dominated
1231
00:59:12,079 --> 00:59:16,960
by the u.s and the west
1232
00:59:13,760 --> 00:59:17,599
okay that that looks like the official
1233
00:59:16,960 --> 00:59:21,119
line
1234
00:59:17,599 --> 00:59:24,720
uh right now but as i i presented in my
1235
00:59:21,119 --> 00:59:27,200
uh in my talk i try to argue that
1236
00:59:24,720 --> 00:59:30,880
even that china thinks that taiwan is
1237
00:59:27,200 --> 00:59:34,400
not normal a very important problem
1238
00:59:30,880 --> 00:59:37,680
china still needs taiwan in two
1239
00:59:34,400 --> 00:59:38,240
areas the first one is that the titan
1240
00:59:37,680 --> 00:59:42,160
ship
1241
00:59:38,240 --> 00:59:42,160
are losing the the
1242
00:59:42,480 --> 00:59:47,839
the effect of the timeline system
1243
00:59:49,119 --> 00:59:52,960
companies it's uh the research done by
1244
00:59:52,000 --> 00:59:56,079
friends supporting
1245
00:59:52,960 --> 00:59:59,200
also and also in my own research
1246
00:59:56,079 --> 01:00:03,119
uh on the ict sector
1247
00:59:59,200 --> 01:00:06,880
and issue slaps each lecture in ict
1248
01:00:03,119 --> 01:00:10,640
is making a great step
1249
01:00:06,880 --> 01:00:13,680
toward upgrading and and in this
1250
01:00:10,640 --> 01:00:15,680
upgrading process uh the chinese
1251
01:00:13,680 --> 01:00:18,559
companies still need thai sound to
1252
01:00:15,680 --> 01:00:19,280
happen as an agent okay that's for one
1253
01:00:18,559 --> 01:00:22,319
thing
1254
01:00:19,280 --> 01:00:25,680
the second one is more tricky you know
1255
01:00:22,319 --> 01:00:26,160
if i say this like three or four years
1256
01:00:25,680 --> 01:00:29,680
ago it
1257
01:00:26,160 --> 01:00:32,799
sounds uh incredible but
1258
01:00:29,680 --> 01:00:33,440
after the us put sanctions on huawei on
1259
01:00:32,799 --> 01:00:36,319
smac
1260
01:00:33,440 --> 01:00:37,119
and on high silicon and we have already
1261
01:00:36,319 --> 01:00:40,160
seen the
1262
01:00:37,119 --> 01:00:43,440
default line of chinese
1263
01:00:40,160 --> 01:00:47,359
can you hear uh me yes
1264
01:00:43,440 --> 01:00:47,359
yes yes i cannot hear you
1265
01:00:47,760 --> 01:00:55,839
can you hear me now all right yes
1266
01:00:52,160 --> 01:00:58,160
okay so so i mean i just say that if it
1267
01:00:55,839 --> 01:00:59,200
because now that the chinese companies
1268
01:00:58,160 --> 01:01:01,520
like huawei
1269
01:00:59,200 --> 01:01:03,839
and the smith and the high silicon are
1270
01:01:01,520 --> 01:01:06,240
being sanctioned by the u.s
1271
01:01:03,839 --> 01:01:07,280
uh companies they cannot get high grade
1272
01:01:06,240 --> 01:01:10,559
chips from
1273
01:01:07,280 --> 01:01:13,440
the us so in this uh under this
1274
01:01:10,559 --> 01:01:14,160
these circumstances chinese companies
1275
01:01:13,440 --> 01:01:17,680
still
1276
01:01:14,160 --> 01:01:19,920
need thai sound like the dsmc to
1277
01:01:17,680 --> 01:01:22,160
fabricate the boundaries for them and
1278
01:01:19,920 --> 01:01:25,359
also they need a mediatek as a vendor
1279
01:01:22,160 --> 01:01:28,559
of design house to provide high grade or
1280
01:01:25,359 --> 01:01:31,760
medium middle level uh
1281
01:01:28,559 --> 01:01:33,680
chips to to them so i i think
1282
01:01:31,760 --> 01:01:38,400
tai sang is still very important for
1283
01:01:33,680 --> 01:01:40,319
china's further development
1284
01:01:38,400 --> 01:01:42,880
thank you i think we have time for only
1285
01:01:40,319 --> 01:01:46,400
one question so let me ask this question
1286
01:01:42,880 --> 01:01:46,799
from the audience dr wu if you could go
1287
01:01:46,400 --> 01:01:50,000
back
1288
01:01:46,799 --> 01:01:53,839
in time knowing what you do now
1289
01:01:50,000 --> 01:01:54,640
would you advise taishan taiwanese
1290
01:01:53,839 --> 01:01:57,760
government
1291
01:01:54,640 --> 01:02:01,119
and western governments to engage
1292
01:01:57,760 --> 01:02:02,000
with china differently on the political
1293
01:02:01,119 --> 01:02:04,480
economy
1294
01:02:02,000 --> 01:02:04,480
front
1295
01:02:05,039 --> 01:02:09,520
thank you for this question this this is
1296
01:02:08,160 --> 01:02:11,680
very important question but
1297
01:02:09,520 --> 01:02:13,039
it's hypothetical okay and it's
1298
01:02:11,680 --> 01:02:16,319
counterfactual
1299
01:02:13,039 --> 01:02:18,640
so i i don't know because i
1300
01:02:16,319 --> 01:02:20,160
i can say a few words but this is not
1301
01:02:18,640 --> 01:02:22,400
basically based on my
1302
01:02:20,160 --> 01:02:23,599
own research okay because the history
1303
01:02:22,400 --> 01:02:26,720
cannot repeat
1304
01:02:23,599 --> 01:02:30,240
itself but history rhymes
1305
01:02:26,720 --> 01:02:33,200
all right so what can we do now i think
1306
01:02:30,240 --> 01:02:33,599
uh because 30 years ago four years ago
1307
01:02:33,200 --> 01:02:36,960
when
1308
01:02:33,599 --> 01:02:40,000
u.s opened its market for china
1309
01:02:36,960 --> 01:02:40,799
and the u.s supply chain urged the
1310
01:02:40,000 --> 01:02:44,000
photographers
1311
01:02:40,799 --> 01:02:47,680
into china the original
1312
01:02:44,000 --> 01:02:48,400
plant the original original imagination
1313
01:02:47,680 --> 01:02:50,960
that
1314
01:02:48,400 --> 01:02:52,240
china can become more liberal china can
1315
01:02:50,960 --> 01:02:55,920
become more
1316
01:02:52,240 --> 01:02:58,799
democratic uh after its development of
1317
01:02:55,920 --> 01:02:59,440
economy okay but this scenario didn't
1318
01:02:58,799 --> 01:03:02,480
happen
1319
01:02:59,440 --> 01:03:05,920
so that's why we are now in this very uh
1320
01:03:02,480 --> 01:03:09,760
dismal world okay so i if
1321
01:03:05,920 --> 01:03:12,640
if times you know you know or gives back
1322
01:03:09,760 --> 01:03:12,960
40 years ago i don't know you know if i
1323
01:03:12,640 --> 01:03:15,920
was
1324
01:03:12,960 --> 01:03:16,640
the person that time i would done the
1325
01:03:15,920 --> 01:03:20,000
same thing
1326
01:03:16,640 --> 01:03:22,799
you know but now that the
1327
01:03:20,000 --> 01:03:23,760
the historic situation changed in this
1328
01:03:22,799 --> 01:03:26,400
way
1329
01:03:23,760 --> 01:03:27,039
the world u.s and also taiwan because i
1330
01:03:26,400 --> 01:03:30,400
just say
1331
01:03:27,039 --> 01:03:33,119
taiwan has a very severe uh
1332
01:03:30,400 --> 01:03:35,039
a great concern of security okay we
1333
01:03:33,119 --> 01:03:37,200
wanna we wanna do business with
1334
01:03:35,039 --> 01:03:38,160
uh because i wanna do business with men
1335
01:03:37,200 --> 01:03:39,920
in china
1336
01:03:38,160 --> 01:03:41,280
uh and of course i want to make money
1337
01:03:39,920 --> 01:03:45,839
from each other but
1338
01:03:41,280 --> 01:03:45,839
security is still the utmost concern
1339
01:03:46,319 --> 01:03:53,119
thank you so much sorry our time is up
1340
01:03:49,680 --> 01:03:55,599
and thank you again dr jeremy wu
1341
01:03:53,119 --> 01:03:58,880
for your keynote speech that kick off
1342
01:03:55,599 --> 01:04:02,160
our international symposium this evening
1343
01:03:58,880 --> 01:04:05,760
and tomorrow we will have four
1344
01:04:02,160 --> 01:04:09,440
panels for research paper presentations
1345
01:04:05,760 --> 01:04:13,599
so panel one will begin in about
1346
01:04:09,440 --> 01:04:17,200
15 minutes at 6 30 pacific time
1347
01:04:13,599 --> 01:04:19,200
and tomorrow we will have three panels
1348
01:04:17,200 --> 01:04:21,440
one in the morning and two in the
1349
01:04:19,200 --> 01:04:22,480
afternoon to accommodate the different
1350
01:04:21,440 --> 01:04:25,599
time zone
1351
01:04:22,480 --> 01:04:27,119
so for detail you can take a look at our
1352
01:04:25,599 --> 01:04:30,480
center's website
1353
01:04:27,119 --> 01:04:33,920
for a detailed program deeper abstracts
1354
01:04:30,480 --> 01:04:35,280
and and presenter bios there and you can
1355
01:04:33,920 --> 01:04:38,799
easily google
1356
01:04:35,280 --> 01:04:40,640
ucla international symposium on global
1357
01:04:38,799 --> 01:04:43,680
chinese entrepreneurship
1358
01:04:40,640 --> 01:04:46,880
and the page will come up and
1359
01:04:43,680 --> 01:04:50,559
so now um let's thank
1360
01:04:46,880 --> 01:04:54,640
dr again and also thank you for coming
1361
01:04:50,559 --> 01:04:57,680
and stay tuned stay in this webex room
1362
01:04:54,640 --> 01:05:01,039
and we will take a 10 minute also break
1363
01:04:57,680 --> 01:05:04,240
uh before our panel one starts
1364
01:05:01,039 --> 01:05:05,200
and this webinar will remain open and
1365
01:05:04,240 --> 01:05:08,240
thank you
1366
01:05:05,200 --> 01:05:10,640
thank you so thank you much
1367
01:05:08,240 --> 01:05:12,400
yeah i will see you in about 15 minutes
1368
01:05:10,640 --> 01:05:23,839
in the same room
1369
01:05:12,400 --> 01:05:23,839
stay tuned
1370
01:19:05,760 --> 01:19:11,040
hello can you hear me i cannot hear you
1371
01:19:07,760 --> 01:19:13,679
i mean can you hear me
1372
01:19:11,040 --> 01:19:13,679
can you hear me
1373
01:19:20,840 --> 01:19:23,840
hello
1374
01:19:27,760 --> 01:19:34,239
uh can people hear me i'm sorry
1375
01:19:31,040 --> 01:19:35,280
okay you can't hear me uh me i do not
1376
01:19:34,239 --> 01:19:39,120
hear you uh
1377
01:19:35,280 --> 01:19:41,679
is it my turn now yes okay
1378
01:19:39,120 --> 01:19:42,640
my apologies for the for the technical
1379
01:19:41,679 --> 01:19:45,760
glitch
1380
01:19:42,640 --> 01:19:46,560
and uh good evening to the us
1381
01:19:45,760 --> 01:19:48,480
participants
1382
01:19:46,560 --> 01:19:50,239
and good morning to those who are
1383
01:19:48,480 --> 01:19:52,159
attending the event
1384
01:19:50,239 --> 01:19:53,920
on the other side of the pacific ocean
1385
01:19:52,159 --> 01:19:56,560
and elsewhere it is my
1386
01:19:53,920 --> 01:19:58,880
great pleasure and honor to serve as the
1387
01:19:56,560 --> 01:20:02,000
chair and moderator of the first
1388
01:19:58,880 --> 01:20:04,239
and very exciting panel my job
1389
01:20:02,000 --> 01:20:05,120
first is to briefly introduce the
1390
01:20:04,239 --> 01:20:07,760
speakers
1391
01:20:05,120 --> 01:20:09,199
who have four papers to deliver and it
1392
01:20:07,760 --> 01:20:11,120
is also my job
1393
01:20:09,199 --> 01:20:12,719
to make sure that the presentation
1394
01:20:11,120 --> 01:20:14,560
finish the
1395
01:20:12,719 --> 01:20:16,239
presenters finish their presentation on
1396
01:20:14,560 --> 01:20:18,159
time i would like to remind the
1397
01:20:16,239 --> 01:20:20,719
presenters that each paper
1398
01:20:18,159 --> 01:20:22,560
will have only 12 minutes so i'm going
1399
01:20:20,719 --> 01:20:26,800
to use a timer
1400
01:20:22,560 --> 01:20:28,800
and will remind them
1401
01:20:26,800 --> 01:20:30,080
of the time one when there's only two
1402
01:20:28,800 --> 01:20:32,400
minutes left i
1403
01:20:30,080 --> 01:20:35,199
again i apologize in advance for for
1404
01:20:32,400 --> 01:20:36,960
having to do this
1405
01:20:35,199 --> 01:20:39,280
at the completion of all the four
1406
01:20:36,960 --> 01:20:42,239
presentations we will have
1407
01:20:39,280 --> 01:20:43,120
15 to 20 minutes for questions and
1408
01:20:42,239 --> 01:20:45,360
answers
1409
01:20:43,120 --> 01:20:46,239
so people in the audience please use the
1410
01:20:45,360 --> 01:20:49,360
q a
1411
01:20:46,239 --> 01:20:51,679
space to post your your questions
1412
01:20:49,360 --> 01:20:51,679
the
1413
01:20:53,120 --> 01:20:56,719
the first paper originally had two
1414
01:20:56,000 --> 01:20:59,760
presenters
1415
01:20:56,719 --> 01:21:01,920
one of them jin wu shong from china
1416
01:20:59,760 --> 01:21:02,960
university of political science and law
1417
01:21:01,920 --> 01:21:05,440
cannot make it
1418
01:21:02,960 --> 01:21:06,719
unfortunately so their paper will be
1419
01:21:05,440 --> 01:21:10,400
presented by
1420
01:21:06,719 --> 01:21:14,159
ian laurie from the alibaba research
1421
01:21:10,400 --> 01:21:15,440
institute so in uh well the title of the
1422
01:21:14,159 --> 01:21:19,280
paper is
1423
01:21:15,440 --> 01:21:22,639
is the untold truth of china's
1424
01:21:19,280 --> 01:21:25,760
resilience to the u.s china trade war
1425
01:21:22,639 --> 01:21:26,480
data and case studies and i'm going to
1426
01:21:25,760 --> 01:21:30,159
start
1427
01:21:26,480 --> 01:21:30,159
the timer when you're already in
1428
01:21:32,560 --> 01:21:40,840
uh can you start my my slice on
1429
01:21:37,520 --> 01:21:44,000
oh great all right
1430
01:21:40,840 --> 01:21:46,880
um actually
1431
01:21:44,000 --> 01:21:48,080
because you only have for 12 minutes so
1432
01:21:46,880 --> 01:21:51,199
this is a title
1433
01:21:48,080 --> 01:21:57,840
and i'm going to just
1434
01:21:51,199 --> 01:21:57,840
get to the next page please
1435
01:21:58,080 --> 01:22:03,199
next page please let me see
1436
01:22:04,080 --> 01:22:10,560
hello you can
1437
01:22:07,280 --> 01:22:13,360
continue okay great all right so
1438
01:22:10,560 --> 01:22:16,639
basically we heard a lot of story about
1439
01:22:13,360 --> 01:22:19,760
this trade war and also about
1440
01:22:16,639 --> 01:22:22,960
this coverage 19
1441
01:22:19,760 --> 01:22:23,280
and and its impact on businesses and
1442
01:22:22,960 --> 01:22:27,120
then
1443
01:22:23,280 --> 01:22:30,320
people and so
1444
01:22:27,120 --> 01:22:33,679
there's a lot of stories come out
1445
01:22:30,320 --> 01:22:37,199
and also from the all the data stories
1446
01:22:33,679 --> 01:22:40,239
and the china the economy showed
1447
01:22:37,199 --> 01:22:43,360
remarkable resilience
1448
01:22:40,239 --> 01:22:44,080
so this paper is very motivated to find
1449
01:22:43,360 --> 01:22:47,280
out
1450
01:22:44,080 --> 01:22:50,719
whether economic resilience comes from
1451
01:22:47,280 --> 01:22:51,199
the power of the china's model which is
1452
01:22:50,719 --> 01:22:53,920
some
1453
01:22:51,199 --> 01:22:54,719
a lot of scholars to talk about it and
1454
01:22:53,920 --> 01:22:57,520
uh
1455
01:22:54,719 --> 01:22:57,520
uh the
1456
01:22:58,480 --> 01:23:04,560
explanation of this kind of model is
1457
01:23:02,320 --> 01:23:06,719
what you can see right now there's a lot
1458
01:23:04,560 --> 01:23:10,159
of work or you can say
1459
01:23:06,719 --> 01:23:13,199
uh this is a um central government
1460
01:23:10,159 --> 01:23:17,120
control and those kind of model
1461
01:23:13,199 --> 01:23:21,440
so whether this kind of resilience
1462
01:23:17,120 --> 01:23:25,199
because due to this kind of china model
1463
01:23:21,440 --> 01:23:28,800
more differently from the power of
1464
01:23:25,199 --> 01:23:32,000
breaking the china model so this is
1465
01:23:28,800 --> 01:23:35,440
what uh what i want to talk
1466
01:23:32,000 --> 01:23:35,760
and if you can see this this uh slides
1467
01:23:35,440 --> 01:23:40,000
and
1468
01:23:35,760 --> 01:23:43,199
you can see this data
1469
01:23:40,000 --> 01:23:44,960
not only chinese data in my paper has a
1470
01:23:43,199 --> 01:23:47,679
lot of data to show
1471
01:23:44,960 --> 01:23:49,120
american data are consistent to show
1472
01:23:47,679 --> 01:23:53,360
china's
1473
01:23:49,120 --> 01:23:56,719
export to to america and china's
1474
01:23:53,360 --> 01:24:00,000
trade balance are increasing
1475
01:23:56,719 --> 01:24:00,480
so i just want to try to find out what
1476
01:24:00,000 --> 01:24:04,800
is
1477
01:24:00,480 --> 01:24:04,800
behind that next page please
1478
01:24:06,080 --> 01:24:13,520
so this paper uh cover
1479
01:24:10,400 --> 01:24:17,280
four different chapters the one
1480
01:24:13,520 --> 01:24:21,440
is just presented data
1481
01:24:17,280 --> 01:24:24,719
and talk about uh trade the relationship
1482
01:24:21,440 --> 01:24:27,840
between u.s and china and the second
1483
01:24:24,719 --> 01:24:31,760
i talked about the trade war with
1484
01:24:27,840 --> 01:24:35,760
china should not
1485
01:24:31,760 --> 01:24:39,440
hurt help the u.s economy
1486
01:24:35,760 --> 01:24:43,440
and then i just want to tell exactly
1487
01:24:39,440 --> 01:24:46,880
what's happening and how to interpret
1488
01:24:43,440 --> 01:24:50,400
this china's resilience
1489
01:24:46,880 --> 01:24:52,639
and then finally i conclude
1490
01:24:50,400 --> 01:24:52,639
by
1491
01:24:53,760 --> 01:25:00,159
analyzing what we can learn
1492
01:24:56,880 --> 01:25:02,800
from china's real resilience and next
1493
01:25:00,159 --> 01:25:02,800
page please
1494
01:25:02,880 --> 01:25:10,639
um the first very important
1495
01:25:07,360 --> 01:25:13,840
thing because for the data part
1496
01:25:10,639 --> 01:25:16,560
if you have my paper uh i
1497
01:25:13,840 --> 01:25:17,920
don't have to repeat that part what i
1498
01:25:16,560 --> 01:25:21,440
really want to
1499
01:25:17,920 --> 01:25:24,719
go through is that the third part is
1500
01:25:21,440 --> 01:25:28,320
on total truth about china's resilience
1501
01:25:24,719 --> 01:25:31,280
and the third part is
1502
01:25:28,320 --> 01:25:33,679
the rise of the private sector
1503
01:25:31,280 --> 01:25:37,120
especially in the exporting part
1504
01:25:33,679 --> 01:25:42,080
as you can see this is a chinese
1505
01:25:37,120 --> 01:25:42,080
official data and they proudly
1506
01:25:42,320 --> 01:25:48,560
announced that the first time uh
1507
01:25:45,360 --> 01:25:51,920
china's export uh by
1508
01:25:48,560 --> 01:25:55,120
private owning the enterprises
1509
01:25:51,920 --> 01:25:58,480
uh share much more
1510
01:25:55,120 --> 01:26:01,679
than other sectors for instance
1511
01:25:58,480 --> 01:26:04,800
like foreign investment enterprises
1512
01:26:01,679 --> 01:26:08,000
and state-owned those kind uh
1513
01:26:04,800 --> 01:26:11,440
enterprises so i did
1514
01:26:08,000 --> 01:26:15,040
but of course from a little while ago
1515
01:26:11,440 --> 01:26:18,480
uh doctor wujiamin talked about
1516
01:26:15,040 --> 01:26:22,400
china's situation so a lot of
1517
01:26:18,480 --> 01:26:25,440
taiwanese uh enterprises and other
1518
01:26:22,400 --> 01:26:28,960
foreign-owned enterprises left
1519
01:26:25,440 --> 01:26:30,320
china therefore uh this private owned
1520
01:26:28,960 --> 01:26:34,320
the enterprises
1521
01:26:30,320 --> 01:26:38,480
domestic domestically uh private owned
1522
01:26:34,320 --> 01:26:42,000
enterprises share much larger percentage
1523
01:26:38,480 --> 01:26:44,960
in the export and
1524
01:26:42,000 --> 01:26:44,960
so that is the
1525
01:26:45,600 --> 01:26:53,360
indication of this private sector
1526
01:26:49,679 --> 01:26:57,040
does play very very important
1527
01:26:53,360 --> 01:26:59,920
role in china right now
1528
01:26:57,040 --> 01:26:59,920
next page please
1529
01:27:01,360 --> 01:27:09,360
so i i do feel this economic
1530
01:27:05,360 --> 01:27:12,480
uh resilience also reflects
1531
01:27:09,360 --> 01:27:16,000
china's tradition of a country economy
1532
01:27:12,480 --> 01:27:16,880
what they talk about is uh in chinese
1533
01:27:16,000 --> 01:27:20,239
it's called the
1534
01:27:16,880 --> 01:27:23,360
shiite why xiang jinji is
1535
01:27:20,239 --> 01:27:28,159
so important because if
1536
01:27:23,360 --> 01:27:28,159
china's tradition works that means
1537
01:27:29,120 --> 01:27:35,600
that means
1538
01:27:32,560 --> 01:27:38,719
power should not go down
1539
01:27:35,600 --> 01:27:42,000
uh below the county level so
1540
01:27:38,719 --> 01:27:45,440
that kind of tradition um is
1541
01:27:42,000 --> 01:27:48,639
very important for china many many many
1542
01:27:45,440 --> 01:27:52,800
years many many thousand years and
1543
01:27:48,639 --> 01:27:56,880
it works if it's the true case
1544
01:27:52,800 --> 01:28:00,239
but of course after 1949
1545
01:27:56,880 --> 01:28:00,880
the case is very different so the
1546
01:28:00,239 --> 01:28:04,239
country
1547
01:28:00,880 --> 01:28:08,480
is a kind of fundamental
1548
01:28:04,239 --> 01:28:12,159
institute of financial power
1549
01:28:08,480 --> 01:28:15,199
so it isn't responsible for the
1550
01:28:12,159 --> 01:28:18,320
rights of a private sector and
1551
01:28:15,199 --> 01:28:21,360
the development of smas
1552
01:28:18,320 --> 01:28:25,440
so it is a very important part
1553
01:28:21,360 --> 01:28:29,360
and then the next one is the most
1554
01:28:25,440 --> 01:28:33,040
successful county county-level
1555
01:28:29,360 --> 01:28:36,400
officials are highly educated
1556
01:28:33,040 --> 01:28:39,760
and they have intellectual capacity
1557
01:28:36,400 --> 01:28:43,120
to embrace many new
1558
01:28:39,760 --> 01:28:47,920
technology for local
1559
01:28:43,120 --> 01:28:50,960
development for instance a lot of county
1560
01:28:47,920 --> 01:28:51,360
officials that work very very closely
1561
01:28:50,960 --> 01:28:55,120
with
1562
01:28:51,360 --> 01:28:57,120
alibaba and so therefore they have
1563
01:28:55,120 --> 01:28:59,600
taobao village you will talk about
1564
01:28:57,120 --> 01:29:02,719
township and all of those
1565
01:28:59,600 --> 01:29:06,480
things happens and that promotes
1566
01:29:02,719 --> 01:29:10,800
a very very um
1567
01:29:06,480 --> 01:29:15,760
active uh online uh
1568
01:29:10,800 --> 01:29:20,000
services so it has been very helpful to
1569
01:29:15,760 --> 01:29:23,600
um increase the production
1570
01:29:20,000 --> 01:29:26,560
locally and also improve people's
1571
01:29:23,600 --> 01:29:29,199
economical well-being significantly next
1572
01:29:26,560 --> 01:29:29,199
page please
1573
01:29:29,520 --> 01:29:35,920
so the next one is
1574
01:29:32,880 --> 01:29:39,120
very important there is a
1575
01:29:35,920 --> 01:29:44,239
bottom-up grassroots innovation and
1576
01:29:39,120 --> 01:29:44,239
technology transformation and
1577
01:29:44,320 --> 01:29:48,239
of course china trades with a large
1578
01:29:47,600 --> 01:29:51,520
number of
1579
01:29:48,239 --> 01:29:55,199
u.s big companies many many
1580
01:29:51,520 --> 01:29:56,480
small manufacturers became a kind the
1581
01:29:55,199 --> 01:29:59,679
dispensable
1582
01:29:56,480 --> 01:30:03,920
parts of their supply chain and
1583
01:29:59,679 --> 01:30:08,159
that's what i can i because i have the
1584
01:30:03,920 --> 01:30:08,159
opportunity to visit a lot of
1585
01:30:08,400 --> 01:30:16,400
smes and also countryside
1586
01:30:11,920 --> 01:30:19,600
and so they're doing well because
1587
01:30:16,400 --> 01:30:22,960
they are on the supply chain
1588
01:30:19,600 --> 01:30:26,080
and also because
1589
01:30:22,960 --> 01:30:29,520
they work with the taiwanese
1590
01:30:26,080 --> 01:30:33,199
companies or some other companies so uh
1591
01:30:29,520 --> 01:30:37,040
this is chance it is exist so
1592
01:30:33,199 --> 01:30:39,679
so so we have to uh acknowledge
1593
01:30:37,040 --> 01:30:41,199
that important and the next one is
1594
01:30:39,679 --> 01:30:44,639
international trade
1595
01:30:41,199 --> 01:30:49,199
spillover impact on the growth of
1596
01:30:44,639 --> 01:30:52,560
domestic uh small technology
1597
01:30:49,199 --> 01:30:56,239
technological services i have
1598
01:30:52,560 --> 01:30:59,840
a research
1599
01:30:56,239 --> 01:31:01,199
place and they have done tremendously
1600
01:30:59,840 --> 01:31:04,719
tremendous work
1601
01:31:01,199 --> 01:31:07,920
and i try to help small businesses
1602
01:31:04,719 --> 01:31:11,280
to upgrade their technology
1603
01:31:07,920 --> 01:31:15,360
and improve their efficiency
1604
01:31:11,280 --> 01:31:18,000
so it is very significant so
1605
01:31:15,360 --> 01:31:19,920
and the next one is the china's trading
1606
01:31:18,000 --> 01:31:24,639
companies
1607
01:31:19,920 --> 01:31:28,719
internalize the challenges such as
1608
01:31:24,639 --> 01:31:32,000
trade wars uh and the shortage
1609
01:31:28,719 --> 01:31:35,920
of workforce and
1610
01:31:32,000 --> 01:31:38,960
looking for technological uh solutions
1611
01:31:35,920 --> 01:31:42,840
so if you take a look of those
1612
01:31:38,960 --> 01:31:45,600
three dimensions and
1613
01:31:42,840 --> 01:31:49,040
therefore uh it
1614
01:31:45,600 --> 01:31:52,480
is created tremendous resilience
1615
01:31:49,040 --> 01:31:58,639
uh in in in in the in the
1616
01:31:52,480 --> 01:32:02,080
uh nation next please
1617
01:31:58,639 --> 01:32:05,360
so next year i just want to talk about
1618
01:32:02,080 --> 01:32:08,719
um two minutes left
1619
01:32:05,360 --> 01:32:09,679
okay uh what to learn from china's
1620
01:32:08,719 --> 01:32:13,120
resilience
1621
01:32:09,679 --> 01:32:15,840
i think
1622
01:32:13,120 --> 01:32:16,719
this resilience really reflects a very
1623
01:32:15,840 --> 01:32:20,800
very important
1624
01:32:16,719 --> 01:32:24,800
fact chinese people are paying very
1625
01:32:20,800 --> 01:32:28,320
happy cost for this resilience
1626
01:32:24,800 --> 01:32:32,159
and also uh the poorly educated
1627
01:32:28,320 --> 01:32:35,440
migrant workers are at the disposal
1628
01:32:32,159 --> 01:32:38,840
of the trader trader war uh
1629
01:32:35,440 --> 01:32:42,800
a little while ago uh dr
1630
01:32:38,840 --> 01:32:46,000
uh who talked about
1631
01:32:42,800 --> 01:32:49,120
tai chang and then when they cl if
1632
01:32:46,000 --> 01:32:49,600
some some foreign companies are closed
1633
01:32:49,120 --> 01:32:52,480
up
1634
01:32:49,600 --> 01:32:54,800
and all of those people had to go back
1635
01:32:52,480 --> 01:32:57,040
to their own
1636
01:32:54,800 --> 01:32:58,000
the place they came from no matter what
1637
01:32:57,040 --> 01:33:01,679
happened it's very
1638
01:32:58,000 --> 01:33:05,600
sad story and then hundreds of
1639
01:33:01,679 --> 01:33:08,719
millions low-income people
1640
01:33:05,600 --> 01:33:11,440
are the reason to produce and
1641
01:33:08,719 --> 01:33:12,960
export labor-intensive and
1642
01:33:11,440 --> 01:33:16,080
environmentally
1643
01:33:12,960 --> 01:33:19,360
damaging damaging
1644
01:33:16,080 --> 01:33:22,639
goods and i went to a lot of a lot of
1645
01:33:19,360 --> 01:33:25,760
factories it looks very sad
1646
01:33:22,639 --> 01:33:27,760
and i was telling other people
1647
01:33:25,760 --> 01:33:30,239
if a foreign country have done this
1648
01:33:27,760 --> 01:33:33,520
automatically or they used to have
1649
01:33:30,239 --> 01:33:36,560
some new machinery to do it so
1650
01:33:33,520 --> 01:33:37,280
this job will not be in china so it's
1651
01:33:36,560 --> 01:33:42,400
basically
1652
01:33:37,280 --> 01:33:45,760
that's the reason that china can export
1653
01:33:42,400 --> 01:33:47,440
make export numbers so good and then
1654
01:33:45,760 --> 01:33:50,320
finally
1655
01:33:47,440 --> 01:33:51,440
if we focus on improving people's
1656
01:33:50,320 --> 01:33:54,440
well-being
1657
01:33:51,440 --> 01:33:56,400
as well as enhancing china's world
1658
01:33:54,440 --> 01:33:59,679
competitiveness
1659
01:33:56,400 --> 01:34:03,360
it is imperative for china
1660
01:33:59,679 --> 01:34:06,400
to adhere to the policy of
1661
01:34:03,360 --> 01:34:10,239
reform and opening up and
1662
01:34:06,400 --> 01:34:12,800
to the market principle
1663
01:34:10,239 --> 01:34:13,760
of a free enterprise and free
1664
01:34:12,800 --> 01:34:17,440
competition
1665
01:34:13,760 --> 01:34:20,080
and that is the most important
1666
01:34:17,440 --> 01:34:20,560
reason for me to present with the paper
1667
01:34:20,080 --> 01:34:23,600
here
1668
01:34:20,560 --> 01:34:24,159
and for me to do the research about the
1669
01:34:23,600 --> 01:34:27,840
china's
1670
01:34:24,159 --> 01:34:30,080
resilience thank you
1671
01:34:27,840 --> 01:34:30,960
thank you yin for the fascinating paper
1672
01:34:30,080 --> 01:34:34,239
and
1673
01:34:30,960 --> 01:34:37,920
for finishing your paper on time
1674
01:34:34,239 --> 01:34:40,000
uh um setting uh a great example for the
1675
01:34:37,920 --> 01:34:41,760
other presenters i i i guess
1676
01:34:40,000 --> 01:34:43,520
now it's time for our second paper which
1677
01:34:41,760 --> 01:34:47,199
will be presented by
1678
01:34:43,520 --> 01:34:50,560
uh chingpong strang from the center for
1679
01:34:47,199 --> 01:34:52,800
general education and the
1680
01:34:50,560 --> 01:34:54,960
institute of sociology at national
1681
01:34:52,800 --> 01:34:58,159
qinghua university of taiwan
1682
01:34:54,960 --> 01:35:01,760
the title of his presentation is
1683
01:34:58,159 --> 01:35:02,320
a tai song style enterprises the taiwan
1684
01:35:01,760 --> 01:35:05,679
factor
1685
01:35:02,320 --> 01:35:08,719
in the emergence of chinese private
1686
01:35:05,679 --> 01:35:10,800
enterprises in the pearl river delta
1687
01:35:08,719 --> 01:35:13,360
ah simple now it's your turn thank you
1688
01:35:10,800 --> 01:35:15,600
okay thank you
1689
01:35:13,360 --> 01:35:17,920
can everyone uh see my powerpoint on the
1690
01:35:15,600 --> 01:35:17,920
screen
1691
01:35:19,760 --> 01:35:22,960
no it's not showing your powerpoint no
1692
01:35:22,000 --> 01:35:26,080
already we only
1693
01:35:22,960 --> 01:35:29,760
show your your explorer
1694
01:35:26,080 --> 01:35:32,320
okay you haven't opened it up yet
1695
01:35:29,760 --> 01:35:34,000
how about now yeah yes okay i'm gonna
1696
01:35:32,320 --> 01:35:37,280
start timer
1697
01:35:34,000 --> 01:35:40,159
yeah okay okay hi everyone uh
1698
01:35:37,280 --> 01:35:42,320
i am shinji pong uh from national chiang
1699
01:35:40,159 --> 01:35:45,920
mai university taiwan
1700
01:35:42,320 --> 01:35:49,280
uh it is my honor to be here the topic
1701
01:35:45,920 --> 01:35:50,560
i want to present today is taisen style
1702
01:35:49,280 --> 01:35:54,000
enterprise
1703
01:35:50,560 --> 01:35:56,480
uh in chinese means uh taipei chichiye
1704
01:35:54,000 --> 01:35:57,520
the taiwan factor of the emergence of
1705
01:35:56,480 --> 01:35:59,679
chinese per
1706
01:35:57,520 --> 01:36:01,199
private enterprise in the pearl river
1707
01:35:59,679 --> 01:36:04,960
delta
1708
01:36:01,199 --> 01:36:08,239
uh i i will begin my story
1709
01:36:04,960 --> 01:36:09,040
uh with this photo uh this is a tai sang
1710
01:36:08,239 --> 01:36:12,719
factory
1711
01:36:09,040 --> 01:36:15,920
in 2008 located in dongguan
1712
01:36:12,719 --> 01:36:17,280
called the delta as you can see in this
1713
01:36:15,920 --> 01:36:20,400
picture
1714
01:36:17,280 --> 01:36:23,360
taizon was leaving dongguan and
1715
01:36:20,400 --> 01:36:24,560
moving their factories westbound and
1716
01:36:23,360 --> 01:36:27,840
offshore
1717
01:36:24,560 --> 01:36:30,239
of 2008 because of the
1718
01:36:27,840 --> 01:36:32,080
international financial crisis crisis
1719
01:36:30,239 --> 01:36:36,000
and the
1720
01:36:32,080 --> 01:36:39,040
labor contract law a taiwan business
1721
01:36:36,000 --> 01:36:42,159
manager a taiwan business making called
1722
01:36:39,040 --> 01:36:44,480
the big basket of taichung pyjama data
1723
01:36:42,159 --> 01:36:48,239
one
1724
01:36:44,480 --> 01:36:51,440
however this table shows that
1725
01:36:48,239 --> 01:36:53,679
the footwear world factory
1726
01:36:51,440 --> 01:36:54,800
in the pro river delta did not break
1727
01:36:53,679 --> 01:36:58,000
down
1728
01:36:54,800 --> 01:37:01,920
with the departure of taishong
1729
01:36:58,000 --> 01:37:05,119
the the footwear industry i started
1730
01:37:01,920 --> 01:37:09,040
its export volumes and the values
1731
01:37:05,119 --> 01:37:11,679
are still increasing except 2008 and
1732
01:37:09,040 --> 01:37:13,679
2009 because of the international
1733
01:37:11,679 --> 01:37:14,960
financial crisis and the labor contract
1734
01:37:13,679 --> 01:37:18,840
low
1735
01:37:14,960 --> 01:37:21,760
how can we uh explain this kind of the
1736
01:37:18,840 --> 01:37:25,119
situation
1737
01:37:21,760 --> 01:37:28,719
here is another photo i
1738
01:37:25,119 --> 01:37:32,639
took it in 2014.
1739
01:37:28,719 --> 01:37:33,360
this taison factory discussion shoes
1740
01:37:32,639 --> 01:37:36,880
factory
1741
01:37:33,360 --> 01:37:40,080
is also located in dongguan
1742
01:37:36,880 --> 01:37:43,360
let's find a company a
1743
01:37:40,080 --> 01:37:46,639
local private entrepreneur to check this
1744
01:37:43,360 --> 01:37:50,320
empty building because he wanted
1745
01:37:46,639 --> 01:37:53,840
to start one more shoes battery
1746
01:37:50,320 --> 01:37:56,880
so at least two photos implies that
1747
01:37:53,840 --> 01:37:57,199
tyson's shoes factories were downsizing
1748
01:37:56,880 --> 01:38:00,400
and
1749
01:37:57,199 --> 01:38:04,719
moving moving
1750
01:38:00,400 --> 01:38:08,320
west westbound or offshore
1751
01:38:04,719 --> 01:38:08,800
and also they tried to transform their
1752
01:38:08,320 --> 01:38:12,080
role
1753
01:38:08,800 --> 01:38:15,199
to trading companies
1754
01:38:12,080 --> 01:38:17,600
they began to transfer orders they
1755
01:38:15,199 --> 01:38:21,360
receive from international buyers to
1756
01:38:17,600 --> 01:38:21,360
local private enterprise
1757
01:38:22,800 --> 01:38:29,119
therefore my question is why local
1758
01:38:26,080 --> 01:38:33,040
enterprise in total river deodorant
1759
01:38:29,119 --> 01:38:36,400
emerged since two thousands mastering
1760
01:38:33,040 --> 01:38:39,360
economies always sell it it is because
1761
01:38:36,400 --> 01:38:39,920
a chinese enterprise can offer better
1762
01:38:39,360 --> 01:38:45,199
price
1763
01:38:39,920 --> 01:38:48,880
to buyers land layer competitors however
1764
01:38:45,199 --> 01:38:52,480
a new economic sociologist would sell it
1765
01:38:48,880 --> 01:38:55,440
the story is not that simple the actor
1766
01:38:52,480 --> 01:38:56,960
transition in the supply chain is very
1767
01:38:55,440 --> 01:38:59,840
difficult
1768
01:38:56,960 --> 01:39:01,360
but we need to put social contacts back
1769
01:38:59,840 --> 01:39:05,199
in
1770
01:39:01,360 --> 01:39:07,760
so i argue that during this transition
1771
01:39:05,199 --> 01:39:08,719
python plays an important role in the
1772
01:39:07,760 --> 01:39:11,840
emergence of
1773
01:39:08,719 --> 01:39:14,639
local private enterprise in the pro
1774
01:39:11,840 --> 01:39:14,639
river delta
1775
01:39:14,960 --> 01:39:21,920
uh so uh from 2007.
1776
01:39:19,360 --> 01:39:22,480
sorry i didn't translate in english but
1777
01:39:21,920 --> 01:39:26,560
i have
1778
01:39:22,480 --> 01:39:29,679
some information in the next page
1779
01:39:26,560 --> 01:39:33,119
and from 2000 uh from 2007 and
1780
01:39:29,679 --> 01:39:36,719
uh to 2014 i have visited
1781
01:39:33,119 --> 01:39:40,239
about 30 local factories
1782
01:39:36,719 --> 01:39:43,760
and here is the general info
1783
01:39:40,239 --> 01:39:45,520
of 14 chinese private entrepreneurs in
1784
01:39:43,760 --> 01:39:48,960
dongguan
1785
01:39:45,520 --> 01:39:49,760
as you can see in this slide most of
1786
01:39:48,960 --> 01:39:53,360
them
1787
01:39:49,760 --> 01:39:56,400
sell their factories after 2000.
1788
01:39:53,360 --> 01:39:58,719
they are usually from inland china
1789
01:39:56,400 --> 01:39:59,840
and they have a rural household
1790
01:39:58,719 --> 01:40:03,119
registration
1791
01:39:59,840 --> 01:40:06,560
it means nonsense all of
1792
01:40:03,119 --> 01:40:07,760
land have had work experience in taisong
1793
01:40:06,560 --> 01:40:11,040
factories
1794
01:40:07,760 --> 01:40:13,920
for at least 10 years
1795
01:40:11,040 --> 01:40:15,679
most important of all most of them are
1796
01:40:13,920 --> 01:40:18,800
the subcontractors of
1797
01:40:15,679 --> 01:40:22,080
taishan now in other words
1798
01:40:18,800 --> 01:40:25,520
they receive orders from taishan
1799
01:40:22,080 --> 01:40:28,800
i call them i call this local
1800
01:40:25,520 --> 01:40:29,840
private enterprise or taishan style
1801
01:40:28,800 --> 01:40:32,239
enterprise
1802
01:40:29,840 --> 01:40:32,239
kaizu
1803
01:40:33,280 --> 01:40:38,560
then i will discuss these tai song style
1804
01:40:37,679 --> 01:40:41,679
enterprise
1805
01:40:38,560 --> 01:40:42,800
from two perspectives first the
1806
01:40:41,679 --> 01:40:45,920
technological
1807
01:40:42,800 --> 01:40:48,480
aspect and the second the cultural
1808
01:40:45,920 --> 01:40:48,480
aspect
1809
01:40:48,960 --> 01:40:53,199
here is an example of technological
1810
01:40:51,840 --> 01:40:56,239
aspect
1811
01:40:53,199 --> 01:40:59,600
personally one of my interviewees
1812
01:40:56,239 --> 01:41:02,239
said that he had worked for some
1813
01:40:59,600 --> 01:41:04,639
uh for several taison factories before
1814
01:41:02,239 --> 01:41:07,440
he started his own company
1815
01:41:04,639 --> 01:41:08,639
and he got so many experience in
1816
01:41:07,440 --> 01:41:12,880
different positions
1817
01:41:08,639 --> 01:41:16,320
in these factories this work experience
1818
01:41:12,880 --> 01:41:19,440
are very helpful for him to start and
1819
01:41:16,320 --> 01:41:22,719
manage his own factory
1820
01:41:19,440 --> 01:41:25,199
and here is another example as you can
1821
01:41:22,719 --> 01:41:28,000
see on these pictures
1822
01:41:25,199 --> 01:41:28,560
many local private entrepreneurs use a
1823
01:41:28,000 --> 01:41:32,960
board
1824
01:41:28,560 --> 01:41:36,159
like this to check workers efficiency
1825
01:41:32,960 --> 01:41:38,719
they can make daily report comparison
1826
01:41:36,159 --> 01:41:39,360
between two factories to locate the
1827
01:41:38,719 --> 01:41:42,960
problem
1828
01:41:39,360 --> 01:41:43,920
and improve it the next day most of my
1829
01:41:42,960 --> 01:41:47,679
interviewees
1830
01:41:43,920 --> 01:41:48,560
say that they learn this specific skill
1831
01:41:47,679 --> 01:41:51,280
from taichung
1832
01:41:48,560 --> 01:41:55,119
[Music]
1833
01:41:51,280 --> 01:41:58,719
now let's look at the cultural aspect
1834
01:41:55,119 --> 01:42:02,560
this local and enterprise will use
1835
01:41:58,719 --> 01:42:05,679
mandatory style to manage workers
1836
01:42:02,560 --> 01:42:08,800
like doing morning exercise and seeing
1837
01:42:05,679 --> 01:42:12,840
a factory sound together
1838
01:42:08,800 --> 01:42:14,480
besides i always ask my interviewees a
1839
01:42:12,840 --> 01:42:17,520
questions
1840
01:42:14,480 --> 01:42:17,520
if you want to
1841
01:42:17,840 --> 01:42:22,480
hire a new manager and there are three
1842
01:42:21,360 --> 01:42:25,520
applicants
1843
01:42:22,480 --> 01:42:28,960
they have been worked in a local factory
1844
01:42:25,520 --> 01:42:33,600
hong kong factory and thai tyson factory
1845
01:42:28,960 --> 01:42:36,880
how do you decide most of them answered
1846
01:42:33,600 --> 01:42:39,840
they will choose a manager from chooser
1847
01:42:36,880 --> 01:42:43,119
manager working in tyson factory
1848
01:42:39,840 --> 01:42:45,639
i asked them why they said
1849
01:42:43,119 --> 01:42:47,600
because they know more about
1850
01:42:45,639 --> 01:42:51,440
standardization
1851
01:42:47,600 --> 01:42:52,719
and this kind of standardization is very
1852
01:42:51,440 --> 01:42:56,000
similar to
1853
01:42:52,719 --> 01:42:59,760
what taylor said about the principle
1854
01:42:56,000 --> 01:42:59,760
of scientific management
1855
01:43:00,159 --> 01:43:07,520
okay uh now let's look at
1856
01:43:03,440 --> 01:43:10,560
another display of the cultural aspect
1857
01:43:07,520 --> 01:43:12,080
the corporate culture of chinese private
1858
01:43:10,560 --> 01:43:17,520
enterprise
1859
01:43:12,080 --> 01:43:22,239
is very similar to taixan factory
1860
01:43:17,520 --> 01:43:25,520
as you can see in this picture
1861
01:43:22,239 --> 01:43:29,440
the upper one in the shrine
1862
01:43:25,520 --> 01:43:33,360
is the god of wealth tyson yeah
1863
01:43:29,440 --> 01:43:35,679
and the the lower one is the earth guard
1864
01:43:33,360 --> 01:43:36,639
to the goal and the turigon the
1865
01:43:35,679 --> 01:43:40,080
earthquake is
1866
01:43:36,639 --> 01:43:43,440
very taiwanese because
1867
01:43:40,080 --> 01:43:44,400
local businessmen usually do not worship
1868
01:43:43,440 --> 01:43:47,920
the earth god
1869
01:43:44,400 --> 01:43:50,840
in the costume another
1870
01:43:47,920 --> 01:43:52,400
another example is the habit of drinking
1871
01:43:50,840 --> 01:43:55,600
tea
1872
01:43:52,400 --> 01:43:56,480
the tea my interviewees drink is all
1873
01:43:55,600 --> 01:44:00,480
often
1874
01:43:56,480 --> 01:44:03,520
oolong or high mountain teas from taiwan
1875
01:44:00,480 --> 01:44:07,119
oolong is a high mountain tea we say
1876
01:44:03,520 --> 01:44:09,280
in in in taiwan is called santa
1877
01:44:07,119 --> 01:44:10,960
this this pro these local private
1878
01:44:09,280 --> 01:44:14,239
entrepreneurs
1879
01:44:10,960 --> 01:44:17,600
they they do not uh like local tea
1880
01:44:14,239 --> 01:44:21,119
because of flavor so they would ask
1881
01:44:17,600 --> 01:44:24,480
taishan and taiwan needs friends
1882
01:44:21,119 --> 01:44:27,119
to buy taiwanese tea for land
1883
01:44:24,480 --> 01:44:27,119
so uh
1884
01:44:28,080 --> 01:44:34,800
in conclusion the assimilation
1885
01:44:31,920 --> 01:44:36,159
of chinese private enterprise with
1886
01:44:34,800 --> 01:44:39,600
python
1887
01:44:36,159 --> 01:44:43,440
in factory management style and
1888
01:44:39,600 --> 01:44:44,239
corporate culture i think that recreates
1889
01:44:43,440 --> 01:44:47,360
a
1890
01:44:44,239 --> 01:44:51,520
quantized single ethnic production
1891
01:44:47,360 --> 01:44:54,639
network in the poor river delta
1892
01:44:51,520 --> 01:44:55,760
but in sudanese which means sometimes
1893
01:44:54,639 --> 01:44:59,199
one law
1894
01:44:55,760 --> 01:45:02,000
i think this network is very important
1895
01:44:59,199 --> 01:45:02,560
because it can solve uncertainty of
1896
01:45:02,000 --> 01:45:06,239
actor
1897
01:45:02,560 --> 01:45:09,040
transition besides that
1898
01:45:06,239 --> 01:45:12,239
uh i think this this network also makes
1899
01:45:09,040 --> 01:45:14,560
this tyson style enterprise
1900
01:45:12,239 --> 01:45:19,119
has better chance to be invited by
1901
01:45:14,560 --> 01:45:19,119
python into the global supply chain
1902
01:45:20,400 --> 01:45:27,360
so this is the last slide
1903
01:45:23,600 --> 01:45:30,719
so a two thumb out uh i think
1904
01:45:27,360 --> 01:45:32,960
normally layout three perspective
1905
01:45:30,719 --> 01:45:36,400
as there are three perspectives in
1906
01:45:32,960 --> 01:45:39,679
explaining socialist economic transition
1907
01:45:36,400 --> 01:45:41,760
but they are capitalism from above
1908
01:45:39,679 --> 01:45:42,880
and the second one is catalysis from
1909
01:45:41,760 --> 01:45:45,920
outside
1910
01:45:42,880 --> 01:45:49,040
the third one is capitalism from
1911
01:45:45,920 --> 01:45:52,480
below but china is usually
1912
01:45:49,040 --> 01:45:53,520
regarded as the example of capitalism
1913
01:45:52,480 --> 01:45:56,880
from
1914
01:45:53,520 --> 01:46:00,159
below however my cash body
1915
01:45:56,880 --> 01:46:00,639
suggests that pyson plays an important
1916
01:46:00,159 --> 01:46:04,400
role
1917
01:46:00,639 --> 01:46:07,760
in facilitating chinese economic
1918
01:46:04,400 --> 01:46:10,880
transition and the emergence of the
1919
01:46:07,760 --> 01:46:12,080
private enterprise in particular it
1920
01:46:10,880 --> 01:46:15,840
means like i i
1921
01:46:12,080 --> 01:46:18,880
think in my case i uh the capitalism
1922
01:46:15,840 --> 01:46:21,119
from above is not enough
1923
01:46:18,880 --> 01:46:22,080
to explain the the china economic
1924
01:46:21,119 --> 01:46:25,199
transition
1925
01:46:22,080 --> 01:46:28,400
we should add some other
1926
01:46:25,199 --> 01:46:32,400
dimension like a capitalism from outside
1927
01:46:28,400 --> 01:46:35,280
then we can uh fully understand
1928
01:46:32,400 --> 01:46:38,080
what is going on during the economic
1929
01:46:35,280 --> 01:46:40,320
chinese economy transition
1930
01:46:38,080 --> 01:46:42,719
okay uh that's it thank you for your
1931
01:46:40,320 --> 01:46:45,440
listening i hope
1932
01:46:42,719 --> 01:46:47,520
thank you very much you you finished
1933
01:46:45,440 --> 01:46:50,480
your paper without me having to
1934
01:46:47,520 --> 01:46:51,199
remind you oh really uh great
1935
01:46:50,480 --> 01:46:54,800
achievement
1936
01:46:51,199 --> 01:46:57,360
yeah you finished our time and uh um
1937
01:46:54,800 --> 01:46:57,840
and it's a fascinating paper you know um
1938
01:46:57,360 --> 01:47:00,239
the
1939
01:46:57,840 --> 01:47:01,360
uh and topic you know the pearl river
1940
01:47:00,239 --> 01:47:03,920
delta it's a
1941
01:47:01,360 --> 01:47:05,920
topic that i've studied and i'm always
1942
01:47:03,920 --> 01:47:08,400
fascinated by the shoemaking
1943
01:47:05,920 --> 01:47:09,199
manufacturers in inguinal province our
1944
01:47:08,400 --> 01:47:11,040
friends
1945
01:47:09,199 --> 01:47:12,320
who own factories over there what thai
1946
01:47:11,040 --> 01:47:15,040
song and
1947
01:47:12,320 --> 01:47:15,760
uh is something that i also study so our
1948
01:47:15,040 --> 01:47:19,360
third
1949
01:47:15,760 --> 01:47:20,159
uh paper is entitled thank you yeah our
1950
01:47:19,360 --> 01:47:23,360
third paper
1951
01:47:20,159 --> 01:47:25,840
is entitled the changing pattern
1952
01:47:23,360 --> 01:47:29,040
of entrepreneurship in hong kong the
1953
01:47:25,840 --> 01:47:31,360
importance of social political context
1954
01:47:29,040 --> 01:47:32,719
and this paper will be presented by
1955
01:47:31,360 --> 01:47:34,719
being young soon
1956
01:47:32,719 --> 01:47:35,840
of the chinese university of hong kong
1957
01:47:34,719 --> 01:47:38,639
and eric
1958
01:47:35,840 --> 01:47:40,480
fong from hong kong university take it
1959
01:47:38,639 --> 01:47:44,560
over please
1960
01:47:40,480 --> 01:47:46,960
okay uh can you see the screen yes
1961
01:47:44,560 --> 01:47:48,239
you can hear me so hello everyone uh we
1962
01:47:46,960 --> 01:47:50,239
are going to present
1963
01:47:48,239 --> 01:47:52,480
the changing pattern of entrepreneurship
1964
01:47:50,239 --> 01:47:53,280
in hong kong my name is bian from the
1965
01:47:52,480 --> 01:47:54,880
chinese
1966
01:47:53,280 --> 01:47:56,480
university of hong kong and my
1967
01:47:54,880 --> 01:47:58,000
supervisor is professor eric
1968
01:47:56,480 --> 01:48:00,000
from the university of hong kong who is
1969
01:47:58,000 --> 01:48:03,440
also here
1970
01:48:00,000 --> 01:48:04,320
uh entrepreneurship has been a global
1971
01:48:03,440 --> 01:48:06,719
phenomenon
1972
01:48:04,320 --> 01:48:08,800
and immigrant entrepreneurship as a
1973
01:48:06,719 --> 01:48:10,000
unique search field in entrepreneurial
1974
01:48:08,800 --> 01:48:12,480
studies has gained
1975
01:48:10,000 --> 01:48:14,080
more attention these days and hong
1976
01:48:12,480 --> 01:48:16,800
kong's special case
1977
01:48:14,080 --> 01:48:19,040
and immigrant entrepreneurship why so
1978
01:48:16,800 --> 01:48:21,040
first hong kong is a city of immigrants
1979
01:48:19,040 --> 01:48:22,560
but it has not yet been a traditional
1980
01:48:21,040 --> 01:48:24,880
fight for immigrant research
1981
01:48:22,560 --> 01:48:26,480
yet and hong kong located on the
1982
01:48:24,880 --> 01:48:28,080
southern eastern border of china
1983
01:48:26,480 --> 01:48:30,560
and being a special administrative
1984
01:48:28,080 --> 01:48:32,080
region it has this unique geographical
1985
01:48:30,560 --> 01:48:33,280
financial position to nurture
1986
01:48:32,080 --> 01:48:35,760
entrepreneurship
1987
01:48:33,280 --> 01:48:37,360
with these characters hong kong presents
1988
01:48:35,760 --> 01:48:37,920
a special and important case for
1989
01:48:37,360 --> 01:48:40,320
immigrant
1990
01:48:37,920 --> 01:48:41,840
entrepreneurial study so previous
1991
01:48:40,320 --> 01:48:43,920
literatures
1992
01:48:41,840 --> 01:48:46,639
our immigrant entrepreneurship has used
1993
01:48:43,920 --> 01:48:49,360
various theoretical lenses
1994
01:48:46,639 --> 01:48:50,480
from embedded theory intersectionality
1995
01:48:49,360 --> 01:48:52,239
theory
1996
01:48:50,480 --> 01:48:54,159
cultural theory and capital theory i'm
1997
01:48:52,239 --> 01:48:56,639
going to talk about them
1998
01:48:54,159 --> 01:48:58,800
one by one literatures following the
1999
01:48:56,639 --> 01:49:00,639
imbalance theory have quantified the
2000
01:48:58,800 --> 01:49:02,639
relative importance of the following
2001
01:49:00,639 --> 01:49:05,119
types of infectedness
2002
01:49:02,639 --> 01:49:07,280
including ethnic ethnic investments
2003
01:49:05,119 --> 01:49:11,760
regional embeddedness
2004
01:49:07,280 --> 01:49:11,760
embeddedness and regulatory embeddedness
2005
01:49:11,840 --> 01:49:16,880
and researchers following the
2006
01:49:13,599 --> 01:49:19,360
intersection of intersectionality theory
2007
01:49:16,880 --> 01:49:21,199
uh look at the disadvantages resulting
2008
01:49:19,360 --> 01:49:22,000
from the intersection of certain social
2009
01:49:21,199 --> 01:49:25,199
positions
2010
01:49:22,000 --> 01:49:27,040
such as gender race and ethnicity and it
2011
01:49:25,199 --> 01:49:28,159
is possible that certain groups may
2012
01:49:27,040 --> 01:49:30,480
experience
2013
01:49:28,159 --> 01:49:31,599
a multiplicative disadvantage from the
2014
01:49:30,480 --> 01:49:33,920
combination
2015
01:49:31,599 --> 01:49:36,480
of social positions for example
2016
01:49:33,920 --> 01:49:38,239
literatures have found out that female
2017
01:49:36,480 --> 01:49:39,599
immigrants may experience double
2018
01:49:38,239 --> 01:49:42,000
disadvantages
2019
01:49:39,599 --> 01:49:42,639
of being both females and immigrants in
2020
01:49:42,000 --> 01:49:45,440
taking up
2021
01:49:42,639 --> 01:49:46,080
entrepreneurship the next one cultural
2022
01:49:45,440 --> 01:49:49,119
theory
2023
01:49:46,080 --> 01:49:51,280
cultural theory argues that immigrants
2024
01:49:49,119 --> 01:49:53,280
from the same ethnic group may have
2025
01:49:51,280 --> 01:49:56,000
certain groups but different cultural
2026
01:49:53,280 --> 01:49:58,800
values behavioral patterns distinct
2027
01:49:56,000 --> 01:50:00,320
distinctive group traits that may all
2028
01:49:58,800 --> 01:50:02,639
influence the probability of
2029
01:50:00,320 --> 01:50:04,080
entrepreneurship the last one is a
2030
01:50:02,639 --> 01:50:06,239
capital theory
2031
01:50:04,080 --> 01:50:07,280
which is further divided into social
2032
01:50:06,239 --> 01:50:10,880
capital and
2033
01:50:07,280 --> 01:50:13,360
human capital social capital points to
2034
01:50:10,880 --> 01:50:15,840
a social network and looks at how
2035
01:50:13,360 --> 01:50:18,159
entrepreneurs rely on social networks
2036
01:50:15,840 --> 01:50:20,639
to start and grow their businesses as
2037
01:50:18,159 --> 01:50:21,280
for human capital human capital theory
2038
01:50:20,639 --> 01:50:23,280
looks at
2039
01:50:21,280 --> 01:50:25,679
individual level characteristics for
2040
01:50:23,280 --> 01:50:26,719
example people with higher educational
2041
01:50:25,679 --> 01:50:28,560
attainment
2042
01:50:26,719 --> 01:50:30,719
more training experiences are more
2043
01:50:28,560 --> 01:50:32,960
likely to pick up entrepreneurship
2044
01:50:30,719 --> 01:50:34,800
our research mainly relies on the human
2045
01:50:32,960 --> 01:50:38,239
capital theory
2046
01:50:34,800 --> 01:50:39,840
about the hong kong case hong kong was a
2047
01:50:38,239 --> 01:50:42,639
british colony before
2048
01:50:39,840 --> 01:50:44,480
and after the handed over in 1997 it is
2049
01:50:42,639 --> 01:50:45,119
now a special administrative region of
2050
01:50:44,480 --> 01:50:47,040
china
2051
01:50:45,119 --> 01:50:48,560
it operates under the one country two
2052
01:50:47,040 --> 01:50:50,400
system operation
2053
01:50:48,560 --> 01:50:52,000
and hong kong today still maintained its
2054
01:50:50,400 --> 01:50:54,639
own administrative structure
2055
01:50:52,000 --> 01:50:55,760
as a capitalist society as for the
2056
01:50:54,639 --> 01:50:57,440
economic development
2057
01:50:55,760 --> 01:51:00,080
of hong kong hong kong has been
2058
01:50:57,440 --> 01:51:01,840
practicing non-interventionalism
2059
01:51:00,080 --> 01:51:03,280
in which the government does not
2060
01:51:01,840 --> 01:51:04,159
intervene much with the business
2061
01:51:03,280 --> 01:51:06,239
development
2062
01:51:04,159 --> 01:51:07,599
it believes that the market will
2063
01:51:06,239 --> 01:51:10,400
automatically reach
2064
01:51:07,599 --> 01:51:11,760
its highest potential naturally as long
2065
01:51:10,400 --> 01:51:13,440
as the government
2066
01:51:11,760 --> 01:51:16,000
has set up the relevant laws and
2067
01:51:13,440 --> 01:51:17,920
regulations this partially also explains
2068
01:51:16,000 --> 01:51:20,480
the low temperatures in hong kong
2069
01:51:17,920 --> 01:51:21,440
with all these advantages hong kong
2070
01:51:20,480 --> 01:51:23,840
today is known
2071
01:51:21,440 --> 01:51:25,119
for its untriple business diverse
2072
01:51:23,840 --> 01:51:26,880
industrial sectors
2073
01:51:25,119 --> 01:51:29,679
and among these industrial sectors
2074
01:51:26,880 --> 01:51:31,679
import apps export financial services
2075
01:51:29,679 --> 01:51:32,800
logistics business operations are the
2076
01:51:31,679 --> 01:51:35,040
leading ones
2077
01:51:32,800 --> 01:51:36,080
so with these theoretical lenses and the
2078
01:51:35,040 --> 01:51:38,880
case of hong kong
2079
01:51:36,080 --> 01:51:40,480
we came up with a following hypothesis
2080
01:51:38,880 --> 01:51:43,760
first following the
2081
01:51:40,480 --> 01:51:44,800
invest embeddedness theory immigrants
2082
01:51:43,760 --> 01:51:46,880
are embeddedness
2083
01:51:44,800 --> 01:51:48,159
in the economic industrial frameworks of
2084
01:51:46,880 --> 01:51:50,480
the destination
2085
01:51:48,159 --> 01:51:52,560
therefore hypothesized that and
2086
01:51:50,480 --> 01:51:53,599
entrepreneurs tend to engage in more
2087
01:51:52,560 --> 01:51:55,440
densely
2088
01:51:53,599 --> 01:51:57,280
populated immigrant entrepreneurs in
2089
01:51:55,440 --> 01:51:59,440
hong kong tend to engage in more densely
2090
01:51:57,280 --> 01:52:02,239
populated industries in hong kong
2091
01:51:59,440 --> 01:52:03,280
and also following the investment theory
2092
01:52:02,239 --> 01:52:05,599
locational
2093
01:52:03,280 --> 01:52:07,920
ethnic science might be relevant to the
2094
01:52:05,599 --> 01:52:10,320
likelihood of entrepreneurship
2095
01:52:07,920 --> 01:52:12,400
for immigrants therefore we hypothesize
2096
01:52:10,320 --> 01:52:14,639
that immigrants living in the areas
2097
01:52:12,400 --> 01:52:16,320
within their core ethnic population
2098
01:52:14,639 --> 01:52:18,639
are more likely to engage in
2099
01:52:16,320 --> 01:52:19,679
entrepreneurship and then following the
2100
01:52:18,639 --> 01:52:22,080
cultural theory
2101
01:52:19,679 --> 01:52:23,920
which hypothesized that immigrants with
2102
01:52:22,080 --> 01:52:27,520
similar cultural backgrounds at the
2103
01:52:23,920 --> 01:52:27,520
at the hong kong local such as
2104
01:52:28,000 --> 01:52:30,800
those with more similar cultural
2105
01:52:29,360 --> 01:52:31,440
backgrounds such as east asian
2106
01:52:30,800 --> 01:52:34,080
immigrants
2107
01:52:31,440 --> 01:52:34,560
or white immigrants are more likely to
2108
01:52:34,080 --> 01:52:37,280
pick up
2109
01:52:34,560 --> 01:52:39,440
entrepreneurship and then following the
2110
01:52:37,280 --> 01:52:41,520
human capital perspective focusing on
2111
01:52:39,440 --> 01:52:43,599
individual level characteristics
2112
01:52:41,520 --> 01:52:45,280
it is possible that higher educational
2113
01:52:43,599 --> 01:52:47,040
background language ability
2114
01:52:45,280 --> 01:52:48,800
are positively correlated to one's
2115
01:52:47,040 --> 01:52:49,599
entrepreneurship and therefore a
2116
01:52:48,800 --> 01:52:52,080
hypothesis
2117
01:52:49,599 --> 01:52:54,239
would hypothesize that those with higher
2118
01:52:52,080 --> 01:52:56,159
educational background and being able to
2119
01:52:54,239 --> 01:52:59,040
speak cantonese in english
2120
01:52:56,159 --> 01:53:01,440
are all positive will all positively
2121
01:52:59,040 --> 01:53:04,159
contribute to one's entrepreneurship
2122
01:53:01,440 --> 01:53:04,920
and in the end following following the
2123
01:53:04,159 --> 01:53:07,280
intersex
2124
01:53:04,920 --> 01:53:09,360
intersectionality theory in which
2125
01:53:07,280 --> 01:53:10,560
certain social groups are exceptionally
2126
01:53:09,360 --> 01:53:12,800
disadvantaged
2127
01:53:10,560 --> 01:53:14,800
in the entrepreneurial world we
2128
01:53:12,800 --> 01:53:17,280
hypothesized that
2129
01:53:14,800 --> 01:53:19,199
female immigrants were much or much less
2130
01:53:17,280 --> 01:53:21,520
likely to become entrepreneurs
2131
01:53:19,199 --> 01:53:23,679
when first arrived in hong kong and this
2132
01:53:21,520 --> 01:53:25,119
disadvantage may further widen as they
2133
01:53:23,679 --> 01:53:28,719
have stayed longer
2134
01:53:25,119 --> 01:53:30,880
to test our hypothesis we relied on
2135
01:53:28,719 --> 01:53:33,599
four years of pulled since hong kong
2136
01:53:30,880 --> 01:53:37,840
census data from 2001
2137
01:53:33,599 --> 01:53:40,400
to 2016 and our sample only includes
2138
01:53:37,840 --> 01:53:42,800
immigrants in hong kong so therefore
2139
01:53:40,400 --> 01:53:46,000
hong kong locals are not included
2140
01:53:42,800 --> 01:53:47,520
in our sample we have two sets of
2141
01:53:46,000 --> 01:53:49,760
dependent variables
2142
01:53:47,520 --> 01:53:52,000
uh both are they are all binary
2143
01:53:49,760 --> 01:53:54,320
variables the first set compares
2144
01:53:52,000 --> 01:53:55,199
the likelihood to become in to become
2145
01:53:54,320 --> 01:53:57,679
employers
2146
01:53:55,199 --> 01:53:59,599
and likelihood to be employees the
2147
01:53:57,679 --> 01:54:00,880
second step compares the likelihood to
2148
01:53:59,599 --> 01:54:03,440
be self-employed
2149
01:54:00,880 --> 01:54:04,880
to likelihood to being employees so you
2150
01:54:03,440 --> 01:54:07,280
can see that in our
2151
01:54:04,880 --> 01:54:08,239
study we differentiate between two types
2152
01:54:07,280 --> 01:54:10,480
of entrepreneurs
2153
01:54:08,239 --> 01:54:11,760
the first one is employers the second
2154
01:54:10,480 --> 01:54:14,880
type is
2155
01:54:11,760 --> 01:54:18,400
self-employed people so these are our
2156
01:54:14,880 --> 01:54:20,000
results to better present our results i
2157
01:54:18,400 --> 01:54:22,880
will only show them
2158
01:54:20,000 --> 01:54:23,599
up here so how to read this graph uh
2159
01:54:22,880 --> 01:54:25,840
this line
2160
01:54:23,599 --> 01:54:27,119
segment here represents the 95
2161
01:54:25,840 --> 01:54:29,679
confidence interval
2162
01:54:27,119 --> 01:54:30,880
so if this line is to the right of this
2163
01:54:29,679 --> 01:54:33,520
dashed line here
2164
01:54:30,880 --> 01:54:34,800
it means this structure is important for
2165
01:54:33,520 --> 01:54:38,239
entrepreneurship
2166
01:54:34,800 --> 01:54:39,920
and this line uh if it crossover with
2167
01:54:38,239 --> 01:54:42,880
this dashboard it means that this
2168
01:54:39,920 --> 01:54:44,800
factor is not important and if this
2169
01:54:42,880 --> 01:54:46,560
blind settlement is to the right of this
2170
01:54:44,800 --> 01:54:48,320
dashed line here it means it has a
2171
01:54:46,560 --> 01:54:50,400
positive influence
2172
01:54:48,320 --> 01:54:52,159
on one's entrepreneurship if it's to the
2173
01:54:50,400 --> 01:54:54,560
left of this dashboard here
2174
01:54:52,159 --> 01:54:55,199
it means it has some negative influence
2175
01:54:54,560 --> 01:54:57,840
on one
2176
01:54:55,199 --> 01:55:00,000
one's entrepreneurship so we can see
2177
01:54:57,840 --> 01:55:02,239
that the left graph here we compare the
2178
01:55:00,000 --> 01:55:03,520
probability of being employers versus
2179
01:55:02,239 --> 01:55:06,400
the probability of being
2180
01:55:03,520 --> 01:55:08,000
employees and the right graph here uh
2181
01:55:06,400 --> 01:55:10,880
the dependent variables change
2182
01:55:08,000 --> 01:55:11,760
between being self-employed versus being
2183
01:55:10,880 --> 01:55:13,840
employees
2184
01:55:11,760 --> 01:55:15,280
we can see that for both types of
2185
01:55:13,840 --> 01:55:17,280
entrepreneurs here
2186
01:55:15,280 --> 01:55:19,040
having stayed in hong kong for a longer
2187
01:55:17,280 --> 01:55:21,199
period of time are
2188
01:55:19,040 --> 01:55:22,159
all will all positively contribute to
2189
01:55:21,199 --> 01:55:23,840
their likelihood
2190
01:55:22,159 --> 01:55:26,159
of entrepreneurship so those who have
2191
01:55:23,840 --> 01:55:29,599
stayed for longer are more likely to be
2192
01:55:26,159 --> 01:55:31,920
either employers or self-employed people
2193
01:55:29,599 --> 01:55:32,880
and then we further look into other
2194
01:55:31,920 --> 01:55:36,239
factors
2195
01:55:32,880 --> 01:55:39,199
we can see that compared to other
2196
01:55:36,239 --> 01:55:41,840
engaging in other industries engaging in
2197
01:55:39,199 --> 01:55:44,239
transportation storage postal services
2198
01:55:41,840 --> 01:55:46,560
finance insurance and business services
2199
01:55:44,239 --> 01:55:49,280
are all more likely to become
2200
01:55:46,560 --> 01:55:49,679
employers we can also see that being
2201
01:55:49,280 --> 01:55:52,960
able
2202
01:55:49,679 --> 01:55:54,880
to speak in chinese or english are would
2203
01:55:52,960 --> 01:55:56,159
positively contribute to one's
2204
01:55:54,880 --> 01:55:59,119
entrepreneurship
2205
01:55:56,159 --> 01:56:00,000
ones likely to be employers be married
2206
01:55:59,119 --> 01:56:02,159
more likely to be
2207
01:56:00,000 --> 01:56:04,239
employers and having higher level of
2208
01:56:02,159 --> 01:56:06,639
education compared to
2209
01:56:04,239 --> 01:56:08,639
having only primary level of education
2210
01:56:06,639 --> 01:56:11,119
more likely to be employers
2211
01:56:08,639 --> 01:56:12,639
you can also see that because this line
2212
01:56:11,119 --> 01:56:15,679
segment is to the left
2213
01:56:12,639 --> 01:56:18,320
of this dashed line it means that
2214
01:56:15,679 --> 01:56:20,080
gender is also important factor
2215
01:56:18,320 --> 01:56:22,880
influence one's entrepreneurship
2216
01:56:20,080 --> 01:56:23,920
but being females are much less likely
2217
01:56:22,880 --> 01:56:26,880
than being males
2218
01:56:23,920 --> 01:56:27,599
to be employers and age is actually also
2219
01:56:26,880 --> 01:56:30,719
import
2220
01:56:27,599 --> 01:56:33,199
also a significant factor here we can
2221
01:56:30,719 --> 01:56:35,440
also see that since the co-ethnic size
2222
01:56:33,199 --> 01:56:37,360
this line segment cross over this
2223
01:56:35,440 --> 01:56:40,000
dashed line here so in the hong kong
2224
01:56:37,360 --> 01:56:42,080
case the co-ethnic sites might not be
2225
01:56:40,000 --> 01:56:45,440
very important for one to be
2226
01:56:42,080 --> 01:56:47,679
employer and compared to
2227
01:56:45,440 --> 01:56:49,840
chinese ethnicity we can see that
2228
01:56:47,679 --> 01:56:51,840
southeast asians are much more likely to
2229
01:56:49,840 --> 01:56:54,159
become employers
2230
01:56:51,840 --> 01:56:55,679
and similarly this one just the
2231
01:56:54,159 --> 01:56:58,080
dependent variables change
2232
01:56:55,679 --> 01:56:59,840
to a self-employed people who have
2233
01:56:58,080 --> 01:57:01,440
similar results in general higher
2234
01:56:59,840 --> 01:57:03,360
educational attainment
2235
01:57:01,440 --> 01:57:05,280
uh being able to speak cantonese in the
2236
01:57:03,360 --> 01:57:07,840
meeting and finance industry
2237
01:57:05,280 --> 01:57:08,800
older people are all likely to be
2238
01:57:07,840 --> 01:57:11,360
employers
2239
01:57:08,800 --> 01:57:13,760
include self-employed and females much
2240
01:57:11,360 --> 01:57:17,199
less likely to be self-employed
2241
01:57:13,760 --> 01:57:18,719
and that's it so we further looking to
2242
01:57:17,199 --> 01:57:21,920
the gender differences
2243
01:57:18,719 --> 01:57:24,400
um in terms of entrepreneurship how to
2244
01:57:21,920 --> 01:57:28,000
read these two graphs um
2245
01:57:24,400 --> 01:57:30,400
so the y-axis here also i mean the same
2246
01:57:28,000 --> 01:57:32,080
the probability to be employers for this
2247
01:57:30,400 --> 01:57:33,840
one and this is the probability to be
2248
01:57:32,080 --> 01:57:36,080
self-employed for this one
2249
01:57:33,840 --> 01:57:38,320
and the x-axis here represents the
2250
01:57:36,080 --> 01:57:40,480
length of stay in hong kong so
2251
01:57:38,320 --> 01:57:41,760
ranging from hunting space for one year
2252
01:57:40,480 --> 01:57:44,159
for front two
2253
01:57:41,760 --> 01:57:46,159
having played for more than 21 years and
2254
01:57:44,159 --> 01:57:49,520
the upper line here means mail
2255
01:57:46,159 --> 01:57:52,159
um and this line
2256
01:57:49,520 --> 01:57:52,880
okay sure so we can see that when males
2257
01:57:52,159 --> 01:57:55,119
and females
2258
01:57:52,880 --> 01:57:57,040
first arrived in hong kong they did not
2259
01:57:55,119 --> 01:57:58,000
really they're not very different from
2260
01:57:57,040 --> 01:58:00,560
each other in
2261
01:57:58,000 --> 01:58:02,080
in terms of entrepreneurship however
2262
01:58:00,560 --> 01:58:04,800
when time has
2263
01:58:02,080 --> 01:58:06,000
when time goes just by you can see that
2264
01:58:04,800 --> 01:58:08,719
females are much much
2265
01:58:06,000 --> 01:58:10,159
less likely than males to become uh
2266
01:58:08,719 --> 01:58:12,320
employers and we can
2267
01:58:10,159 --> 01:58:13,280
and this question here also shows that
2268
01:58:12,320 --> 01:58:15,360
in the long run
2269
01:58:13,280 --> 01:58:17,040
male females are much less likely than
2270
01:58:15,360 --> 01:58:19,360
males to become
2271
01:58:17,040 --> 01:58:20,400
self-employed people and we're further
2272
01:58:19,360 --> 01:58:23,440
looked into the
2273
01:58:20,400 --> 01:58:25,360
inter-ethnic differences in becoming uh
2274
01:58:23,440 --> 01:58:26,480
entrepreneurs you can see that in the
2275
01:58:25,360 --> 01:58:30,320
long run
2276
01:58:26,480 --> 01:58:31,760
uh japanese and koreans are much more
2277
01:58:30,320 --> 01:58:34,800
likely than any other
2278
01:58:31,760 --> 01:58:36,239
ethnic groups to become employers uh and
2279
01:58:34,800 --> 01:58:39,040
we can see that in the long run
2280
01:58:36,239 --> 01:58:40,000
uh white uh and westerners are much more
2281
01:58:39,040 --> 01:58:43,040
likely than
2282
01:58:40,000 --> 01:58:45,199
any other ethnic ethnic groups to become
2283
01:58:43,040 --> 01:58:47,040
self-employed people
2284
01:58:45,199 --> 01:58:49,840
in the end we show the entrepreneurial
2285
01:58:47,040 --> 01:58:53,280
probability by our rival cohort
2286
01:58:49,840 --> 01:58:56,000
um so compare we can see that
2287
01:58:53,280 --> 01:58:58,239
we look at this employer like they would
2288
01:58:56,000 --> 01:59:00,800
be employed first you can see that
2289
01:58:58,239 --> 01:59:02,080
compared to those who arrived earlier
2290
01:59:00,800 --> 01:59:04,480
those who arrived more
2291
01:59:02,080 --> 01:59:05,520
recently are more likely to become
2292
01:59:04,480 --> 01:59:07,520
employers
2293
01:59:05,520 --> 01:59:09,840
it is possible that those more recently
2294
01:59:07,520 --> 01:59:12,960
on right recently arrived cohorts are
2295
01:59:09,840 --> 01:59:15,119
have higher human capital however for
2296
01:59:12,960 --> 01:59:16,960
the more recently arrived cohorts here
2297
01:59:15,119 --> 01:59:18,560
they are much less less likely than
2298
01:59:16,960 --> 01:59:20,000
early arrived cohorts to become
2299
01:59:18,560 --> 01:59:21,679
self-employed people
2300
01:59:20,000 --> 01:59:23,360
we have not come up with a good
2301
01:59:21,679 --> 01:59:25,760
explanation for this yet
2302
01:59:23,360 --> 01:59:26,800
we're still uh researching and this is
2303
01:59:25,760 --> 01:59:29,280
our current
2304
01:59:26,800 --> 01:59:30,239
research progress thank you very much
2305
01:59:29,280 --> 01:59:33,280
that's the end of
2306
01:59:30,239 --> 01:59:33,280
our presentation
2307
01:59:35,360 --> 01:59:39,360
thank you thank you thank you the final
2308
01:59:38,639 --> 01:59:41,760
paper
2309
01:59:39,360 --> 01:59:43,840
of the panel is going to be presented by
2310
01:59:41,760 --> 01:59:46,560
julian
2311
01:59:43,840 --> 01:59:47,040
the university of california los angeles
2312
01:59:46,560 --> 01:59:51,040
and
2313
01:59:47,040 --> 01:59:54,119
xiaoguang fund from young university
2314
01:59:51,040 --> 01:59:55,599
and the title of the paper is
2315
01:59:54,119 --> 01:59:58,239
transnationalism
2316
01:59:55,599 --> 01:59:59,199
and immigrant entrepreneurship a case
2317
01:59:58,239 --> 02:00:02,239
study
2318
01:59:59,199 --> 02:00:07,040
of self-employed foreigners
2319
02:00:02,239 --> 02:00:07,040
in hanzo china i look forward to your
2320
02:00:10,840 --> 02:00:15,440
paper
2321
02:00:13,760 --> 02:00:16,960
i thank you so much for your
2322
02:00:15,440 --> 02:00:20,400
introduction professor john
2323
02:00:16,960 --> 02:00:23,760
and uh let me start sharing this
2324
02:00:20,400 --> 02:00:26,400
can everyone see this yes you're good
2325
02:00:23,760 --> 02:00:28,560
okay thank you okay so uh the paper i'm
2326
02:00:26,400 --> 02:00:30,320
presenting today is transnationalism and
2327
02:00:28,560 --> 02:00:32,480
immigrant entrepreneurship a case study
2328
02:00:30,320 --> 02:00:33,520
of self-employed foreigners in honjo
2329
02:00:32,480 --> 02:00:35,760
china
2330
02:00:33,520 --> 02:00:36,639
this is a joint paper with uh professor
2331
02:00:35,760 --> 02:00:39,920
xiaoquan
2332
02:00:36,639 --> 02:00:40,960
at georgia university and so let me
2333
02:00:39,920 --> 02:00:43,840
start with a brief
2334
02:00:40,960 --> 02:00:44,880
uh introduction on the background so um
2335
02:00:43,840 --> 02:00:46,560
over time over
2336
02:00:44,880 --> 02:00:48,000
the last few years actually china has
2337
02:00:46,560 --> 02:00:49,679
become a
2338
02:00:48,000 --> 02:00:51,440
emerging international migration
2339
02:00:49,679 --> 02:00:53,280
destination basically china has
2340
02:00:51,440 --> 02:00:54,800
has attracted a lot more and more
2341
02:00:53,280 --> 02:00:55,280
actually international migrants over
2342
02:00:54,800 --> 02:00:56,960
time
2343
02:00:55,280 --> 02:00:59,199
and according to international migration
2344
02:00:56,960 --> 02:01:02,159
report 2017
2345
02:00:59,199 --> 02:01:04,560
uh china already had a million of
2346
02:01:02,159 --> 02:01:06,880
international migrants in 2017
2347
02:01:04,560 --> 02:01:08,159
which is twice as large as the number in
2348
02:01:06,880 --> 02:01:10,239
2000.
2349
02:01:08,159 --> 02:01:11,440
and among these international migrants
2350
02:01:10,239 --> 02:01:13,760
in china there's a lot
2351
02:01:11,440 --> 02:01:14,480
a large share of these migrants who are
2352
02:01:13,760 --> 02:01:16,880
involved
2353
02:01:14,480 --> 02:01:18,480
who have involved in uh business
2354
02:01:16,880 --> 02:01:19,840
activities actually according to the
2355
02:01:18,480 --> 02:01:22,960
china six census
2356
02:01:19,840 --> 02:01:25,920
there's around 18 percent of them
2357
02:01:22,960 --> 02:01:26,719
have involved in that now what what
2358
02:01:25,920 --> 02:01:29,679
makes uh
2359
02:01:26,719 --> 02:01:31,920
the 100k so special to study actually uh
2360
02:01:29,679 --> 02:01:33,920
hundred cases is a very important uh
2361
02:01:31,920 --> 02:01:36,000
uh you know case study for great
2362
02:01:33,920 --> 02:01:37,760
exploration of international migrants
2363
02:01:36,000 --> 02:01:38,800
now especially their entrepreneurship in
2364
02:01:37,760 --> 02:01:41,840
china
2365
02:01:38,800 --> 02:01:43,360
for three reasons so one is that pancho
2366
02:01:41,840 --> 02:01:45,280
is actually one of the most popular
2367
02:01:43,360 --> 02:01:47,760
cities for foreigners
2368
02:01:45,280 --> 02:01:49,360
due to its rapid economic development
2369
02:01:47,760 --> 02:01:50,960
and also because there are a lot of
2370
02:01:49,360 --> 02:01:53,280
international trade and business
2371
02:01:50,960 --> 02:01:55,440
activities in in the place
2372
02:01:53,280 --> 02:01:57,280
so it kind of attracts a lot of migrants
2373
02:01:55,440 --> 02:01:59,440
to be to derive there
2374
02:01:57,280 --> 02:02:00,560
and also it provides a very rich
2375
02:01:59,440 --> 02:02:03,440
categories of
2376
02:02:00,560 --> 02:02:04,719
migrant entrepreneursh entrepreneurs uh
2377
02:02:03,440 --> 02:02:07,440
compared with like
2378
02:02:04,719 --> 02:02:08,800
other locations like uh cuatro where we
2379
02:02:07,440 --> 02:02:11,840
we see mostly uh
2380
02:02:08,800 --> 02:02:14,000
african traders so it kind of provided
2381
02:02:11,840 --> 02:02:16,400
unique opportunity to actually explore
2382
02:02:14,000 --> 02:02:18,080
uh micro entrepreneurship in china and
2383
02:02:16,400 --> 02:02:20,800
also it is a representative
2384
02:02:18,080 --> 02:02:21,199
case for initial cities which refer to
2385
02:02:20,800 --> 02:02:24,000
uh
2386
02:02:21,199 --> 02:02:25,199
relatively new uh migrant receiving
2387
02:02:24,000 --> 02:02:27,199
cities in china
2388
02:02:25,199 --> 02:02:28,719
uh in contrast to self-sustained cities
2389
02:02:27,199 --> 02:02:32,080
such as guancho
2390
02:02:28,719 --> 02:02:34,000
and beijing shanghai were which are
2391
02:02:32,080 --> 02:02:36,000
the kind of the traditional migrant
2392
02:02:34,000 --> 02:02:38,639
receiving cities in china
2393
02:02:36,000 --> 02:02:41,040
now there's a well there's a broad
2394
02:02:38,639 --> 02:02:43,440
literature on micro entrepreneurship
2395
02:02:41,040 --> 02:02:45,040
but there's a very limited literature in
2396
02:02:43,440 --> 02:02:48,320
uh on migrant entrepreneurship
2397
02:02:45,040 --> 02:02:52,000
in china so among the existing studies
2398
02:02:48,320 --> 02:02:54,400
most of them are actually uh focusing on
2399
02:02:52,000 --> 02:02:55,760
african traders and in particularly in
2400
02:02:54,400 --> 02:02:58,880
guangzhou and you
2401
02:02:55,760 --> 02:02:59,440
so this this this kind of the situation
2402
02:02:58,880 --> 02:03:02,400
makes
2403
02:02:59,440 --> 02:03:03,920
these studies relatively uh relatively
2404
02:03:02,400 --> 02:03:06,320
homogeneous actually
2405
02:03:03,920 --> 02:03:07,119
and because of that we try to ask a
2406
02:03:06,320 --> 02:03:09,040
question so
2407
02:03:07,119 --> 02:03:10,719
what factors really explain micro
2408
02:03:09,040 --> 02:03:13,520
entrepreneurship in china
2409
02:03:10,719 --> 02:03:15,119
and we hope that using the case of hanzo
2410
02:03:13,520 --> 02:03:17,679
we can have a better
2411
02:03:15,119 --> 02:03:19,599
more comprehensive understanding of what
2412
02:03:17,679 --> 02:03:21,280
can actually lead to uh migrant
2413
02:03:19,599 --> 02:03:22,800
entrepreneur micro entrepreneurs
2414
02:03:21,280 --> 02:03:24,719
especially international migrant
2415
02:03:22,800 --> 02:03:27,040
entrepreneurship in china
2416
02:03:24,719 --> 02:03:28,400
so we turn to the broad literature on
2417
02:03:27,040 --> 02:03:30,320
micro entrepreneurship
2418
02:03:28,400 --> 02:03:31,920
and then what we what we found from the
2419
02:03:30,320 --> 02:03:34,719
literature is that there are
2420
02:03:31,920 --> 02:03:35,360
two main group groups of factors that
2421
02:03:34,719 --> 02:03:37,599
really
2422
02:03:35,360 --> 02:03:38,560
affect migrants uh entrepreneurship
2423
02:03:37,599 --> 02:03:40,639
position
2424
02:03:38,560 --> 02:03:42,000
one is the national contest which can
2425
02:03:40,639 --> 02:03:45,040
include like
2426
02:03:42,000 --> 02:03:46,159
language language proficiency uh social
2427
02:03:45,040 --> 02:03:48,159
network
2428
02:03:46,159 --> 02:03:50,480
and other kind of the characteristic in
2429
02:03:48,159 --> 02:03:52,880
the host country but the other one is a
2430
02:03:50,480 --> 02:03:55,280
transnational context which may refer
2431
02:03:52,880 --> 02:03:56,239
to uh the transnational link with the
2432
02:03:55,280 --> 02:03:59,119
home country
2433
02:03:56,239 --> 02:03:59,760
or even the home country characteristic
2434
02:03:59,119 --> 02:04:01,840
and then
2435
02:03:59,760 --> 02:04:03,679
the literature also suggests that there
2436
02:04:01,840 --> 02:04:05,679
will be an interaction between the two
2437
02:04:03,679 --> 02:04:07,199
so basically the impact of the national
2438
02:04:05,679 --> 02:04:09,199
context will be dependent
2439
02:04:07,199 --> 02:04:10,960
on the transnational context and
2440
02:04:09,199 --> 02:04:11,760
similarly transnational context will
2441
02:04:10,960 --> 02:04:14,400
also be
2442
02:04:11,760 --> 02:04:16,320
will also depend on the national context
2443
02:04:14,400 --> 02:04:18,159
so building on that we come up with the
2444
02:04:16,320 --> 02:04:20,079
three corresponding hypothesis
2445
02:04:18,159 --> 02:04:22,079
a one inside national context will
2446
02:04:20,079 --> 02:04:23,760
affect the likelihood of becoming
2447
02:04:22,079 --> 02:04:24,480
entrepreneur for international migrants
2448
02:04:23,760 --> 02:04:26,480
in china
2449
02:04:24,480 --> 02:04:28,400
and the second one is the uh that
2450
02:04:26,480 --> 02:04:30,800
transnational contact pool can affect
2451
02:04:28,400 --> 02:04:32,960
likelihood of becoming an entrepreneur
2452
02:04:30,800 --> 02:04:34,000
uh in for international migraine china
2453
02:04:32,960 --> 02:04:36,159
and lastly
2454
02:04:34,000 --> 02:04:37,840
we hypothesize that there will be an
2455
02:04:36,159 --> 02:04:39,679
interaction effect between the two so
2456
02:04:37,840 --> 02:04:42,400
basically the impact of one will depend
2457
02:04:39,679 --> 02:04:44,480
on the other one and the data we're
2458
02:04:42,400 --> 02:04:47,520
using a survey of four inner questions
2459
02:04:44,480 --> 02:04:50,000
in china from 2018 to 2019
2460
02:04:47,520 --> 02:04:51,360
this is a two wave of surveys this
2461
02:04:50,000 --> 02:04:54,159
includes a two-way
2462
02:04:51,360 --> 02:04:55,199
survey and we focus on the hand-drawn
2463
02:04:54,159 --> 02:04:58,320
sub-sample
2464
02:04:55,199 --> 02:05:00,159
so overall we have around 2000
2465
02:04:58,320 --> 02:05:01,599
observations but because most of them
2466
02:05:00,159 --> 02:05:05,119
are actually
2467
02:05:01,599 --> 02:05:06,000
students so we can only we finally end
2468
02:05:05,119 --> 02:05:08,000
up with around
2469
02:05:06,000 --> 02:05:09,360
400 observation and it's actually one of
2470
02:05:08,000 --> 02:05:11,199
the limitations that will
2471
02:05:09,360 --> 02:05:12,400
uh briefly mention the end so the
2472
02:05:11,199 --> 02:05:14,560
variables uh
2473
02:05:12,400 --> 02:05:16,159
are uh including entrepreneurship so
2474
02:05:14,560 --> 02:05:17,119
entrepreneurship will be a roman
2475
02:05:16,159 --> 02:05:19,440
dependent variable
2476
02:05:17,119 --> 02:05:20,639
it's basically a dummy variable a binary
2477
02:05:19,440 --> 02:05:22,880
variable that uh
2478
02:05:20,639 --> 02:05:24,320
that is an indicator for being an
2479
02:05:22,880 --> 02:05:26,239
entrepreneur or not
2480
02:05:24,320 --> 02:05:28,079
and the national context includes social
2481
02:05:26,239 --> 02:05:30,079
network we kind of include different
2482
02:05:28,079 --> 02:05:31,599
types of social network here including
2483
02:05:30,079 --> 02:05:33,280
chinese social network
2484
02:05:31,599 --> 02:05:35,280
basically social network with chinese
2485
02:05:33,280 --> 02:05:36,800
social network with a migrant for a home
2486
02:05:35,280 --> 02:05:37,599
country social network with other
2487
02:05:36,800 --> 02:05:39,679
migrants
2488
02:05:37,599 --> 02:05:41,840
and we also control for uh language
2489
02:05:39,679 --> 02:05:42,400
skills uh so including chinese and
2490
02:05:41,840 --> 02:05:44,480
english
2491
02:05:42,400 --> 02:05:46,400
and then we also for uh for
2492
02:05:44,480 --> 02:05:48,000
transnational context we focus on the
2493
02:05:46,400 --> 02:05:50,719
three we measure it
2494
02:05:48,000 --> 02:05:51,599
at three levels including micro level
2495
02:05:50,719 --> 02:05:53,599
that include
2496
02:05:51,599 --> 02:05:56,719
uh real estate estate and company
2497
02:05:53,599 --> 02:05:58,800
ownership uh at master level we
2498
02:05:56,719 --> 02:06:00,800
include size of the hometown whether
2499
02:05:58,800 --> 02:06:02,639
it's rural city or big city and for
2500
02:06:00,800 --> 02:06:04,880
macro level we control for the
2501
02:06:02,639 --> 02:06:06,960
characteristic of the home country
2502
02:06:04,880 --> 02:06:08,560
like national income level the culture
2503
02:06:06,960 --> 02:06:10,960
of the home country and whether
2504
02:06:08,560 --> 02:06:12,800
the their home country has involved in
2505
02:06:10,960 --> 02:06:15,760
belt road initiative
2506
02:06:12,800 --> 02:06:16,960
and for controls we also take we also
2507
02:06:15,760 --> 02:06:19,440
control for uh
2508
02:06:16,960 --> 02:06:22,239
basic characteristics including uh
2509
02:06:19,440 --> 02:06:23,440
gender age education marital status land
2510
02:06:22,239 --> 02:06:27,040
of state in china
2511
02:06:23,440 --> 02:06:29,440
and year of the survey and here are
2512
02:06:27,040 --> 02:06:30,320
are some photos that my culture had
2513
02:06:29,440 --> 02:06:33,199
taken
2514
02:06:30,320 --> 02:06:33,840
during this data collection process and
2515
02:06:33,199 --> 02:06:36,000
so
2516
02:06:33,840 --> 02:06:38,880
let's quickly take a look at the results
2517
02:06:36,000 --> 02:06:40,719
uh given the time restrictions so
2518
02:06:38,880 --> 02:06:42,639
so from the first table of the first
2519
02:06:40,719 --> 02:06:44,159
part of the table two we can see that
2520
02:06:42,639 --> 02:06:46,159
national contacts do matter
2521
02:06:44,159 --> 02:06:47,360
we can see that network with migrants
2522
02:06:46,159 --> 02:06:49,360
from home country do
2523
02:06:47,360 --> 02:06:50,480
increase the likelihood of becoming an
2524
02:06:49,360 --> 02:06:53,119
entrepreneur
2525
02:06:50,480 --> 02:06:54,880
uh and then this is this is consistent
2526
02:06:53,119 --> 02:06:56,639
with the literature because uh most of
2527
02:06:54,880 --> 02:06:59,599
the literature has shown how
2528
02:06:56,639 --> 02:07:01,440
migrant social network can actually uh
2529
02:06:59,599 --> 02:07:03,280
help them in a different way like you
2530
02:07:01,440 --> 02:07:03,840
know pulling the capital together or
2531
02:07:03,280 --> 02:07:06,239
being
2532
02:07:03,840 --> 02:07:07,280
providing the labor and we can also see
2533
02:07:06,239 --> 02:07:09,040
the network with
2534
02:07:07,280 --> 02:07:10,719
other migrants show to have a negative
2535
02:07:09,040 --> 02:07:12,719
impact we suggest that
2536
02:07:10,719 --> 02:07:14,639
there could be a competition between two
2537
02:07:12,719 --> 02:07:16,960
and the finding from a language
2538
02:07:14,639 --> 02:07:18,880
proficiency is kind of interesting uh
2539
02:07:16,960 --> 02:07:21,840
because uh that we can see here
2540
02:07:18,880 --> 02:07:22,800
that those who know uh no napping in
2541
02:07:21,840 --> 02:07:25,119
mandarin
2542
02:07:22,800 --> 02:07:26,000
uh compare with those who who know who
2543
02:07:25,119 --> 02:07:28,400
who
2544
02:07:26,000 --> 02:07:30,400
are good in mandarin are much less
2545
02:07:28,400 --> 02:07:32,880
likely to be
2546
02:07:30,400 --> 02:07:33,599
an entrepreneur and this is kind of
2547
02:07:32,880 --> 02:07:36,239
different from
2548
02:07:33,599 --> 02:07:37,760
what the literature may suggest because
2549
02:07:36,239 --> 02:07:40,159
in the literature
2550
02:07:37,760 --> 02:07:41,440
a lot of actually fine research has
2551
02:07:40,159 --> 02:07:43,679
shown that
2552
02:07:41,440 --> 02:07:44,639
migrants are much more likely to be
2553
02:07:43,679 --> 02:07:47,040
entrepreneur
2554
02:07:44,639 --> 02:07:48,159
uh due to language barrier because they
2555
02:07:47,040 --> 02:07:49,599
cannot find
2556
02:07:48,159 --> 02:07:51,520
other type of employment so they would
2557
02:07:49,599 --> 02:07:53,520
turn to self-employed employment
2558
02:07:51,520 --> 02:07:55,599
but here the finance narrative which
2559
02:07:53,520 --> 02:07:56,000
shows that actually uh we believe they
2560
02:07:55,599 --> 02:07:58,000
have
2561
02:07:56,000 --> 02:08:00,239
something to do with a specific type of
2562
02:07:58,000 --> 02:08:01,920
business activities in china
2563
02:08:00,239 --> 02:08:03,520
like uh maybe a lot of them will be
2564
02:08:01,920 --> 02:08:06,239
working on the trade sector
2565
02:08:03,520 --> 02:08:07,360
so they have to uh know uh mandarin in
2566
02:08:06,239 --> 02:08:10,239
order to
2567
02:08:07,360 --> 02:08:12,159
move forward with their uh business and
2568
02:08:10,239 --> 02:08:13,679
defining from proficiency in english we
2569
02:08:12,159 --> 02:08:15,599
can see is negative which really
2570
02:08:13,679 --> 02:08:18,159
suggests that um
2571
02:08:15,599 --> 02:08:19,679
uh that uh we suspect that it has to do
2572
02:08:18,159 --> 02:08:20,480
with the number of international
2573
02:08:19,679 --> 02:08:22,239
migrants
2574
02:08:20,480 --> 02:08:24,320
i mean uh international companies in
2575
02:08:22,239 --> 02:08:26,400
china when they know a lot of uh
2576
02:08:24,320 --> 02:08:27,760
when they're proficient in english they
2577
02:08:26,400 --> 02:08:30,000
can actually turn to those
2578
02:08:27,760 --> 02:08:32,320
uh internet international companies that
2579
02:08:30,000 --> 02:08:35,199
have turned into a self-employment
2580
02:08:32,320 --> 02:08:37,360
and uh moving to the finding from the
2581
02:08:35,199 --> 02:08:39,440
transnational context we can see that
2582
02:08:37,360 --> 02:08:40,800
uh most of the factors are significant
2583
02:08:39,440 --> 02:08:44,239
here we can see that
2584
02:08:40,800 --> 02:08:46,000
at the macro level having a state in
2585
02:08:44,239 --> 02:08:46,800
hometown or having a company in the
2586
02:08:46,000 --> 02:08:48,719
hometown
2587
02:08:46,800 --> 02:08:50,639
will really increase the likelihood of
2588
02:08:48,719 --> 02:08:52,639
being an entrepreneur and so this may
2589
02:08:50,639 --> 02:08:53,920
suggest that either they are businessmen
2590
02:08:52,639 --> 02:08:55,920
at the very beginning so
2591
02:08:53,920 --> 02:08:57,520
so this migrant may be maybe a
2592
02:08:55,920 --> 02:08:59,280
businessman at the very beginning
2593
02:08:57,520 --> 02:09:00,639
which really uh leads them to be an
2594
02:08:59,280 --> 02:09:02,800
entrepreneur in china
2595
02:09:00,639 --> 02:09:04,800
or either because they have more capital
2596
02:09:02,800 --> 02:09:06,159
at home that can support them to start a
2597
02:09:04,800 --> 02:09:07,840
business in china
2598
02:09:06,159 --> 02:09:09,679
and we can also see that those who come
2599
02:09:07,840 --> 02:09:11,679
from low-income
2600
02:09:09,679 --> 02:09:13,199
countries are much more likely to be
2601
02:09:11,679 --> 02:09:15,840
entrepreneur uh we
2602
02:09:13,199 --> 02:09:16,400
we were still begin on this part i would
2603
02:09:15,840 --> 02:09:18,320
we're
2604
02:09:16,400 --> 02:09:19,599
still trying to explore and see what
2605
02:09:18,320 --> 02:09:21,280
could be a reason in there
2606
02:09:19,599 --> 02:09:23,040
and then for the culture part we can see
2607
02:09:21,280 --> 02:09:24,800
that those who coming from uh who come
2608
02:09:23,040 --> 02:09:26,000
from african countries are much more
2609
02:09:24,800 --> 02:09:28,079
likely to be an
2610
02:09:26,000 --> 02:09:29,199
entrepreneur and this is consistent what
2611
02:09:28,079 --> 02:09:30,960
we know uh by
2612
02:09:29,199 --> 02:09:32,560
uh based on the current literature that
2613
02:09:30,960 --> 02:09:33,520
there are a lot of african traders in
2614
02:09:32,560 --> 02:09:36,320
china
2615
02:09:33,520 --> 02:09:37,840
and defining from the confusion is in uh
2616
02:09:36,320 --> 02:09:39,280
and southeast asia so those who come
2617
02:09:37,840 --> 02:09:40,960
from confusion in some country or
2618
02:09:39,280 --> 02:09:42,480
southeast asia countries are much more
2619
02:09:40,960 --> 02:09:44,719
likely to be entrepreneur
2620
02:09:42,480 --> 02:09:46,480
uh we're wondering if it has to do with
2621
02:09:44,719 --> 02:09:48,480
culture or maybe it has to do
2622
02:09:46,480 --> 02:09:50,560
with with the fact that a lot of them
2623
02:09:48,480 --> 02:09:54,480
are actually uh chinese uh
2624
02:09:50,560 --> 02:09:56,639
migrants and so after we find
2625
02:09:54,480 --> 02:09:57,520
the significant impact here we did the
2626
02:09:56,639 --> 02:10:00,079
interaction
2627
02:09:57,520 --> 02:10:02,000
uh between the two the two factors uh
2628
02:10:00,079 --> 02:10:03,920
between the two groups so basically we
2629
02:10:02,000 --> 02:10:06,079
did a matching would be the pair
2630
02:10:03,920 --> 02:10:07,840
uh interaction between every single uh
2631
02:10:06,079 --> 02:10:09,360
variable from from
2632
02:10:07,840 --> 02:10:11,360
for national context and from the
2633
02:10:09,360 --> 02:10:12,880
transnational context and at the end we
2634
02:10:11,360 --> 02:10:15,520
only find one interaction to be
2635
02:10:12,880 --> 02:10:17,440
significant
2636
02:10:15,520 --> 02:10:18,719
thank you which is actually uh the
2637
02:10:17,440 --> 02:10:21,440
language uh
2638
02:10:18,719 --> 02:10:22,400
in the in the host country which is the
2639
02:10:21,440 --> 02:10:25,040
national context
2640
02:10:22,400 --> 02:10:26,000
with the with the interaction with the
2641
02:10:25,040 --> 02:10:27,760
income level
2642
02:10:26,000 --> 02:10:29,199
at the home country which is the
2643
02:10:27,760 --> 02:10:31,360
transnational context this is the only
2644
02:10:29,199 --> 02:10:34,320
interaction we find to be significant
2645
02:10:31,360 --> 02:10:35,360
and so uh we we come to we reach to the
2646
02:10:34,320 --> 02:10:37,760
conclusion here
2647
02:10:35,360 --> 02:10:39,040
that uh uh most of these i have already
2648
02:10:37,760 --> 02:10:39,840
discussed but national concepts
2649
02:10:39,040 --> 02:10:41,840
definitely matter
2650
02:10:39,840 --> 02:10:43,920
transnational concepts also matter
2651
02:10:41,840 --> 02:10:46,000
interaction matter but what i want to
2652
02:10:43,920 --> 02:10:48,960
what we actually want to emphasize here
2653
02:10:46,000 --> 02:10:51,199
is about generality and particularity
2654
02:10:48,960 --> 02:10:52,560
so we can see that despite of the uh
2655
02:10:51,199 --> 02:10:55,360
absence of um
2656
02:10:52,560 --> 02:10:57,040
ethnic enclave uh networks still matter
2657
02:10:55,360 --> 02:10:59,280
a lot in the case of china
2658
02:10:57,040 --> 02:11:00,639
and but we can also see there's a lot of
2659
02:10:59,280 --> 02:11:02,960
uh uh you know
2660
02:11:00,639 --> 02:11:03,760
a divergent impact here so we can see
2661
02:11:02,960 --> 02:11:06,000
that the
2662
02:11:03,760 --> 02:11:08,239
network with chinese is not significant
2663
02:11:06,000 --> 02:11:09,840
while the network with uh
2664
02:11:08,239 --> 02:11:11,840
with uh migrants for my whole country
2665
02:11:09,840 --> 02:11:12,800
are pretty significant and we can also
2666
02:11:11,840 --> 02:11:15,599
see the language
2667
02:11:12,800 --> 02:11:16,560
therapy of china is very significant uh
2668
02:11:15,599 --> 02:11:18,480
to be uh
2669
02:11:16,560 --> 02:11:19,679
may impede entrepreneurship actually
2670
02:11:18,480 --> 02:11:21,599
instead of promoting
2671
02:11:19,679 --> 02:11:23,360
or uh motivating people to be
2672
02:11:21,599 --> 02:11:24,639
entrepreneurial and we definitely think
2673
02:11:23,360 --> 02:11:26,639
that this is something
2674
02:11:24,639 --> 02:11:28,239
uh special in the case of china and also
2675
02:11:26,639 --> 02:11:31,280
in a lot of different places but
2676
02:11:28,239 --> 02:11:33,119
uh the point is that uh we need to uh
2677
02:11:31,280 --> 02:11:34,000
focus on the specific case in china and
2678
02:11:33,119 --> 02:11:36,079
find some
2679
02:11:34,000 --> 02:11:37,520
some particular finding in there and
2680
02:11:36,079 --> 02:11:38,000
also at the end we find that the
2681
02:11:37,520 --> 02:11:40,560
interplay
2682
02:11:38,000 --> 02:11:41,760
between the national and transit context
2683
02:11:40,560 --> 02:11:43,840
in china is very weak
2684
02:11:41,760 --> 02:11:46,000
which is very different from uh other
2685
02:11:43,840 --> 02:11:47,440
findings and finally i just want to
2686
02:11:46,000 --> 02:11:50,239
quick mention the limitation
2687
02:11:47,440 --> 02:11:50,960
uh declining here are mostly correlation
2688
02:11:50,239 --> 02:11:55,119
we're trying
2689
02:11:50,960 --> 02:11:58,000
uh doing more uh robust analysis more
2690
02:11:55,119 --> 02:11:59,040
advanced analysis but because of the
2691
02:11:58,000 --> 02:12:01,760
data side
2692
02:11:59,040 --> 02:12:03,599
and because of the uh restriction uh we
2693
02:12:01,760 --> 02:12:04,960
we're not trying to we haven't done that
2694
02:12:03,599 --> 02:12:06,719
yet but we'll definitely move forward
2695
02:12:04,960 --> 02:12:08,719
but at this point all they find in here
2696
02:12:06,719 --> 02:12:10,639
are more correlation and more it's more
2697
02:12:08,719 --> 02:12:12,560
about correlation than possibility
2698
02:12:10,639 --> 02:12:13,679
and finally because of the most of the
2699
02:12:12,560 --> 02:12:15,360
sample are
2700
02:12:13,679 --> 02:12:16,880
students so our sample size is pretty
2701
02:12:15,360 --> 02:12:19,440
small so uh
2702
02:12:16,880 --> 02:12:21,840
that that's all i want to mention here
2703
02:12:19,440 --> 02:12:21,840
thank you
2704
02:12:25,119 --> 02:12:31,440
thank you um so uh people in the
2705
02:12:28,400 --> 02:12:34,320
in the audience if you have
2706
02:12:31,440 --> 02:12:37,280
that's the sound of the second alarm
2707
02:12:34,320 --> 02:12:39,599
sorry let me stop it
2708
02:12:37,280 --> 02:12:39,599
ah
2709
02:12:44,320 --> 02:12:49,199
sorry i just stopped this i was
2710
02:12:47,119 --> 02:12:51,199
struggling with uh two
2711
02:12:49,199 --> 02:12:52,480
two alarms so the uh people in the
2712
02:12:51,199 --> 02:12:54,960
audience now it's time to
2713
02:12:52,480 --> 02:12:56,320
to ask questions uh i have uh a couple
2714
02:12:54,960 --> 02:12:59,760
of questions
2715
02:12:56,320 --> 02:13:02,960
so uh the um the first
2716
02:12:59,760 --> 02:13:06,159
question is for um professor
2717
02:13:02,960 --> 02:13:09,040
yin lori you uh
2718
02:13:06,159 --> 02:13:11,199
contributed uh the econ the resilience
2719
02:13:09,040 --> 02:13:12,880
of the chinese economy uh in the trade
2720
02:13:11,199 --> 02:13:15,440
u.s china trade war
2721
02:13:12,880 --> 02:13:16,239
to the growing size of the private
2722
02:13:15,440 --> 02:13:20,400
sector
2723
02:13:16,239 --> 02:13:23,520
in private enterprises in in
2724
02:13:20,400 --> 02:13:26,239
china but
2725
02:13:23,520 --> 02:13:28,400
those of us who have studied the
2726
02:13:26,239 --> 02:13:31,760
phenomena know that
2727
02:13:28,400 --> 02:13:35,040
the private sectors have always occupied
2728
02:13:31,760 --> 02:13:36,960
uh a dominant position in in the chinese
2729
02:13:35,040 --> 02:13:39,920
economy
2730
02:13:36,960 --> 02:13:40,480
especially in the in the uh export
2731
02:13:39,920 --> 02:13:44,639
sectors
2732
02:13:40,480 --> 02:13:47,199
of china okay and uh and and you wrote
2733
02:13:44,639 --> 02:13:49,119
in your paper since the economic reform
2734
02:13:47,199 --> 02:13:52,560
and opening policies
2735
02:13:49,119 --> 02:13:55,040
uh implemented in the late 1970s china's
2736
02:13:52,560 --> 02:13:58,159
state-owned enterprises gradually
2737
02:13:55,040 --> 02:13:58,800
became a smaller part of the economy but
2738
02:13:58,159 --> 02:14:02,960
what about
2739
02:13:58,800 --> 02:14:06,079
uh the phenomenon that professor uh chen
2740
02:14:02,960 --> 02:14:08,239
described in his paper which is
2741
02:14:06,079 --> 02:14:08,239
uh
2742
02:14:10,800 --> 02:14:17,599
advances and private enterprises
2743
02:14:14,560 --> 02:14:19,840
retreat which is a phenomenon that a lot
2744
02:14:17,599 --> 02:14:24,079
of people started to notice uh since
2745
02:14:19,840 --> 02:14:24,800
uh 2002 and it's a process that has
2746
02:14:24,079 --> 02:14:28,159
accelerated
2747
02:14:24,800 --> 02:14:30,159
in recent years so um
2748
02:14:28,159 --> 02:14:32,320
and finally you know we also know that
2749
02:14:30,159 --> 02:14:35,280
uh that uh private
2750
02:14:32,320 --> 02:14:35,679
enterprises tend to be in export sectors
2751
02:14:35,280 --> 02:14:38,000
right
2752
02:14:35,679 --> 02:14:38,800
and and in other words uh these are
2753
02:14:38,000 --> 02:14:41,599
companies
2754
02:14:38,800 --> 02:14:43,440
that are likely to be heard by the trade
2755
02:14:41,599 --> 02:14:45,520
war so any comments on that question
2756
02:14:43,440 --> 02:14:48,800
please
2757
02:14:45,520 --> 02:14:52,560
uh yes uh i
2758
02:14:48,800 --> 02:14:56,960
think the very important issue
2759
02:14:52,560 --> 02:14:56,960
here is um
2760
02:14:58,000 --> 02:15:01,599
you guys can hear me right yes okay
2761
02:15:00,880 --> 02:15:06,719
great
2762
02:15:01,599 --> 02:15:10,000
um it is the
2763
02:15:06,719 --> 02:15:14,159
open policy and
2764
02:15:10,000 --> 02:15:17,280
also this reform policy
2765
02:15:14,159 --> 02:15:19,040
make everything happen and without
2766
02:15:17,280 --> 02:15:23,280
shared reform
2767
02:15:19,040 --> 02:15:27,280
without opening and china could not be
2768
02:15:23,280 --> 02:15:31,280
here today is
2769
02:15:27,280 --> 02:15:31,280
so many people here
2770
02:15:32,719 --> 02:15:39,199
the research shows that like
2771
02:15:36,000 --> 02:15:40,480
taiwan taiwanese made a great
2772
02:15:39,199 --> 02:15:44,880
contribution
2773
02:15:40,480 --> 02:15:50,159
i i went to a lot of a lot of complaints
2774
02:15:44,880 --> 02:15:50,159
and they really adapted culturally
2775
02:15:50,480 --> 02:15:57,119
yeah or something you just
2776
02:15:54,000 --> 02:15:58,880
put all of those incentive or something
2777
02:15:57,119 --> 02:16:01,920
in the fruit
2778
02:15:58,880 --> 02:16:05,119
and drink one teas
2779
02:16:01,920 --> 02:16:08,800
and this is important
2780
02:16:05,119 --> 02:16:12,639
and uh yet with this
2781
02:16:08,800 --> 02:16:14,079
goji mean twit where those companies
2782
02:16:12,639 --> 02:16:18,840
will go
2783
02:16:14,079 --> 02:16:22,400
and what is in their
2784
02:16:18,840 --> 02:16:26,560
leadership's mind and
2785
02:16:22,400 --> 02:16:31,280
why you want to crash those companies
2786
02:16:26,560 --> 02:16:34,880
that have made a tremendous contribution
2787
02:16:31,280 --> 02:16:36,800
and the idea behind
2788
02:16:34,880 --> 02:16:38,399
those kind of gorgeous mean trees are
2789
02:16:36,800 --> 02:16:41,760
very clear because
2790
02:16:38,399 --> 02:16:45,280
they need to control and
2791
02:16:41,760 --> 02:16:48,479
and also as i mentioned
2792
02:16:45,280 --> 02:16:51,760
in my paper uh
2793
02:16:48,479 --> 02:16:55,200
this uh if i may say
2794
02:16:51,760 --> 02:16:58,120
these words you mean and
2795
02:16:55,200 --> 02:16:59,519
chinese government all people
2796
02:16:58,120 --> 02:17:02,479
tremendously
2797
02:16:59,519 --> 02:17:04,240
they did not invest in people's
2798
02:17:02,479 --> 02:17:07,439
education
2799
02:17:04,240 --> 02:17:10,479
and they did not invest into
2800
02:17:07,439 --> 02:17:11,200
people's health care so those kind of
2801
02:17:10,479 --> 02:17:15,040
stuff
2802
02:17:11,200 --> 02:17:18,319
it's very very severe however
2803
02:17:15,040 --> 02:17:22,479
however uh because of all of those
2804
02:17:18,319 --> 02:17:26,080
spillover effects foreign foreigners
2805
02:17:22,479 --> 02:17:29,040
here and the taishan gangshan
2806
02:17:26,080 --> 02:17:31,280
and all of those things here and the
2807
02:17:29,040 --> 02:17:35,439
china
2808
02:17:31,280 --> 02:17:38,639
really took off and especially
2809
02:17:35,439 --> 02:17:42,319
those a lot of things that's not
2810
02:17:38,639 --> 02:17:45,920
top-down effort but it's
2811
02:17:42,319 --> 02:17:46,479
bottom up i really need to emphasize
2812
02:17:45,920 --> 02:17:49,920
that
2813
02:17:46,479 --> 02:17:53,040
because i'm the economist to
2814
02:17:49,920 --> 02:17:56,639
to do research on entrepreneurship and
2815
02:17:53,040 --> 02:18:00,399
innovation and this i have to i
2816
02:17:56,639 --> 02:18:04,000
i hope people will pay attention to this
2817
02:18:00,399 --> 02:18:07,120
it is not that kind of policy
2818
02:18:04,000 --> 02:18:10,319
going into a policy can make china
2819
02:18:07,120 --> 02:18:12,160
stronger make people happier it is the
2820
02:18:10,319 --> 02:18:15,120
entire other way
2821
02:18:12,160 --> 02:18:16,240
if they keep this free enterprise free
2822
02:18:15,120 --> 02:18:19,120
competition
2823
02:18:16,240 --> 02:18:19,920
i think china will be much much better
2824
02:18:19,120 --> 02:18:22,240
so this is
2825
02:18:19,920 --> 02:18:24,880
my response thank you thank you for your
2826
02:18:22,240 --> 02:18:27,760
self response yeah uh the second
2827
02:18:24,880 --> 02:18:29,359
question is for uh for professor chang
2828
02:18:27,760 --> 02:18:32,960
from the audience
2829
02:18:29,359 --> 02:18:35,840
um how much of the cultural style
2830
02:18:32,960 --> 02:18:36,559
in taiwan taiwan-style enterprises is
2831
02:18:35,840 --> 02:18:39,519
following
2832
02:18:36,559 --> 02:18:40,719
originally japanese models that had
2833
02:18:39,519 --> 02:18:53,840
influenced taiwan
2834
02:18:40,719 --> 02:18:53,840
professor chen your answer please
2835
02:19:01,200 --> 02:19:09,760
are you there
2836
02:19:06,319 --> 02:19:11,200
all right let let's uh uh we lost him
2837
02:19:09,760 --> 02:19:14,559
maybe temporarily so
2838
02:19:11,200 --> 02:19:15,439
let's uh maybe go to my uh my second
2839
02:19:14,559 --> 02:19:17,840
question
2840
02:19:15,439 --> 02:19:19,359
uh while waiting for professor chen to
2841
02:19:17,840 --> 02:19:22,719
to come back
2842
02:19:19,359 --> 02:19:26,080
um now my question is um is for
2843
02:19:22,719 --> 02:19:28,479
uh fortune cool which uh
2844
02:19:26,080 --> 02:19:29,280
uh for for tinker's a paper you know
2845
02:19:28,479 --> 02:19:32,399
which also
2846
02:19:29,280 --> 02:19:35,519
echoes a lot of findings in uh in uh
2847
02:19:32,399 --> 02:19:36,559
beyond paper okay um you know that you
2848
02:19:35,519 --> 02:19:38,639
have a lot of
2849
02:19:36,559 --> 02:19:40,080
very insightful findings and one of them
2850
02:19:38,639 --> 02:19:43,120
is that
2851
02:19:40,080 --> 02:19:46,559
the hometown size that's not oh
2852
02:19:43,120 --> 02:19:48,960
are you back yeah sorry professor john
2853
02:19:46,559 --> 02:19:48,960
oh yeah
2854
02:19:56,720 --> 02:20:01,120
how much of the cultural style in taiwan
2855
02:19:59,600 --> 02:20:03,600
style
2856
02:20:01,120 --> 02:20:05,120
enterprises is following originally
2857
02:20:03,600 --> 02:20:09,120
japanese models
2858
02:20:05,120 --> 02:20:09,920
that had influence okay as far as i know
2859
02:20:09,120 --> 02:20:12,640
i think uh
2860
02:20:09,920 --> 02:20:13,040
there's a lot of a lot of constraints i
2861
02:20:12,640 --> 02:20:15,920
think
2862
02:20:13,040 --> 02:20:16,880
uh taiwanese enterprise follow japanese
2863
02:20:15,920 --> 02:20:20,720
but what i say
2864
02:20:16,880 --> 02:20:24,080
in this case i think uh what should uh
2865
02:20:20,720 --> 02:20:26,479
uh took uh to be gone the earth guard
2866
02:20:24,080 --> 02:20:27,359
or drinking wonky i think it's very
2867
02:20:26,479 --> 02:20:30,399
taiwanese
2868
02:20:27,359 --> 02:20:31,920
not japanese so i think these two kind
2869
02:20:30,399 --> 02:20:35,200
of things are not
2870
02:20:31,920 --> 02:20:38,560
uh uh nothing to do with the the
2871
02:20:35,200 --> 02:20:40,800
the question you you you you ask
2872
02:20:38,560 --> 02:20:42,840
i think the the the drinking tea or
2873
02:20:40,800 --> 02:20:45,840
wrong thing
2874
02:20:42,840 --> 02:20:45,840
uh
2875
02:20:47,120 --> 02:20:53,840
i think all belongs to taiwanese
2876
02:20:51,040 --> 02:20:54,560
not japanese yeah that's my uh brief
2877
02:20:53,840 --> 02:20:58,319
answer
2878
02:20:54,560 --> 02:21:00,000
to your question okay great thank you
2879
02:20:58,319 --> 02:21:01,439
well since uh there are some more
2880
02:21:00,000 --> 02:21:04,720
questions um
2881
02:21:01,439 --> 02:21:05,520
in the q a space but since i already
2882
02:21:04,720 --> 02:21:08,000
started
2883
02:21:05,520 --> 02:21:08,720
my second question uh let me finish that
2884
02:21:08,000 --> 02:21:10,640
and see if
2885
02:21:08,720 --> 02:21:12,000
we have more we have time for more
2886
02:21:10,640 --> 02:21:14,640
questions so
2887
02:21:12,000 --> 02:21:15,439
um my question the first question is is
2888
02:21:14,640 --> 02:21:18,960
about
2889
02:21:15,439 --> 02:21:22,399
uh is for uh occur it's about
2890
02:21:18,960 --> 02:21:24,160
one of your um insightful findings uh
2891
02:21:22,399 --> 02:21:26,399
which is that hometown size does not
2892
02:21:24,160 --> 02:21:29,840
have a significant impact on
2893
02:21:26,399 --> 02:21:34,479
migrant entrepreneurship and
2894
02:21:29,840 --> 02:21:34,479
in um the
2895
02:21:36,080 --> 02:21:43,120
so the question actually uh
2896
02:21:39,280 --> 02:21:46,160
i was wondering the um about the extent
2897
02:21:43,120 --> 02:21:49,200
to which your findings like this
2898
02:21:46,160 --> 02:21:51,120
can be found in other contexts
2899
02:21:49,200 --> 02:21:52,399
i raised the question because you also
2900
02:21:51,120 --> 02:21:56,560
said in your paper
2901
02:21:52,399 --> 02:21:58,640
that you found um um
2902
02:21:56,560 --> 02:22:00,640
evidence to show that some of your
2903
02:21:58,640 --> 02:22:03,920
findings are only specific
2904
02:22:00,640 --> 02:22:07,200
to china's context
2905
02:22:03,920 --> 02:22:08,080
and uh you know uh and and maybe just uh
2906
02:22:07,200 --> 02:22:11,040
um
2907
02:22:08,080 --> 02:22:11,680
us a couple follow up questions uh on
2908
02:22:11,040 --> 02:22:14,960
that
2909
02:22:11,680 --> 02:22:16,560
you know um uh the
2910
02:22:14,960 --> 02:22:18,399
the people you surveyed you know are
2911
02:22:16,560 --> 02:22:21,600
they from how many countries
2912
02:22:18,399 --> 02:22:22,560
and also the size of the enterprises and
2913
02:22:21,600 --> 02:22:25,200
the lifespan
2914
02:22:22,560 --> 02:22:26,000
of those enterprises i'm i'm trying to
2915
02:22:25,200 --> 02:22:27,359
squeeze
2916
02:22:26,000 --> 02:22:29,120
all the different questions that i have
2917
02:22:27,359 --> 02:22:30,479
for you uh check it
2918
02:22:29,120 --> 02:22:32,240
sure thank you thank you for the
2919
02:22:30,479 --> 02:22:34,800
question professor chad so
2920
02:22:32,240 --> 02:22:36,880
i think for the first question about the
2921
02:22:34,800 --> 02:22:37,520
uh how far basically the external
2922
02:22:36,880 --> 02:22:40,319
validity
2923
02:22:37,520 --> 02:22:42,479
so how gener how far we can generalize
2924
02:22:40,319 --> 02:22:43,200
the findings that we have from the case
2925
02:22:42,479 --> 02:22:45,359
of china
2926
02:22:43,200 --> 02:22:47,040
i think for that one i would say that uh
2927
02:22:45,359 --> 02:22:48,000
the case of china is very special at
2928
02:22:47,040 --> 02:22:51,200
this point
2929
02:22:48,000 --> 02:22:53,120
because uh china is actually an emerging
2930
02:22:51,200 --> 02:22:54,319
uh international migration destination
2931
02:22:53,120 --> 02:22:56,720
it's kind of a new one
2932
02:22:54,319 --> 02:22:57,760
so so far i think from the literature
2933
02:22:56,720 --> 02:22:59,840
what we can now
2934
02:22:57,760 --> 02:23:02,080
what we know it's really that it is
2935
02:22:59,840 --> 02:23:04,479
really about african traders
2936
02:23:02,080 --> 02:23:05,439
and so we're having a hard time thinking
2937
02:23:04,479 --> 02:23:07,439
about what
2938
02:23:05,439 --> 02:23:08,720
what how far we can apply that we're
2939
02:23:07,439 --> 02:23:11,680
trying to explore
2940
02:23:08,720 --> 02:23:12,880
uh the you know the the kind of the
2941
02:23:11,680 --> 02:23:14,800
specific finding for
2942
02:23:12,880 --> 02:23:17,439
for china and then hopefully that you
2943
02:23:14,800 --> 02:23:19,200
will have some policy implication in the
2944
02:23:17,439 --> 02:23:21,200
the very beginning in my uh in my
2945
02:23:19,200 --> 02:23:22,880
presentation i kind of mentioned about
2946
02:23:21,200 --> 02:23:24,160
the initial cities versus the
2947
02:23:22,880 --> 02:23:26,640
self-sustained cities
2948
02:23:24,160 --> 02:23:28,319
and that is a very big kind of uh idea
2949
02:23:26,640 --> 02:23:32,160
that proposed by professor
2950
02:23:28,319 --> 02:23:33,600
leonie so he he kind of do a clustering
2951
02:23:32,160 --> 02:23:36,399
and then he found that there are
2952
02:23:33,600 --> 02:23:37,520
two main groups of migrants receiving
2953
02:23:36,399 --> 02:23:40,160
cities in china
2954
02:23:37,520 --> 02:23:42,000
and actually initial cities is the other
2955
02:23:40,160 --> 02:23:43,600
group that is kind of emerging
2956
02:23:42,000 --> 02:23:45,359
so we're expecting that there will be
2957
02:23:43,600 --> 02:23:46,960
more and more migrants in the future
2958
02:23:45,359 --> 02:23:48,720
international migrants in the future in
2959
02:23:46,960 --> 02:23:51,040
china in the initial cities
2960
02:23:48,720 --> 02:23:51,920
and we will expect that there will be a
2961
02:23:51,040 --> 02:23:53,760
very different
2962
02:23:51,920 --> 02:23:56,319
pattern in the future but at this point
2963
02:23:53,760 --> 02:23:58,080
uh these cities are relatively new so we
2964
02:23:56,319 --> 02:24:00,240
don't really know how far we can apply
2965
02:23:58,080 --> 02:24:02,319
that and we're hoping to explore
2966
02:24:00,240 --> 02:24:04,240
uh that we're hoping that we can apply
2967
02:24:02,319 --> 02:24:06,720
this finding to any other
2968
02:24:04,240 --> 02:24:08,319
uh cases that you know other countries
2969
02:24:06,720 --> 02:24:11,600
who are also experiencing that
2970
02:24:08,319 --> 02:24:14,720
initial uh you know uh trend of migrants
2971
02:24:11,600 --> 02:24:16,000
and regarding the size of the uh the for
2972
02:24:14,720 --> 02:24:17,760
for the types of
2973
02:24:16,000 --> 02:24:19,359
entrepreneurs in china migrant
2974
02:24:17,760 --> 02:24:22,560
entrepreneurs in china i think
2975
02:24:19,359 --> 02:24:25,680
uh i think we have around i mean
2976
02:24:22,560 --> 02:24:26,399
migrants from around more than 100 uh
2977
02:24:25,680 --> 02:24:28,399
coming from
2978
02:24:26,399 --> 02:24:29,760
more than 100 countries if i remember
2979
02:24:28,399 --> 02:24:32,160
correctly and
2980
02:24:29,760 --> 02:24:33,200
uh but i'm not sure about the life ban
2981
02:24:32,160 --> 02:24:35,439
and the size of that
2982
02:24:33,200 --> 02:24:36,720
actually we try to go deeper and try to
2983
02:24:35,439 --> 02:24:38,560
study these sectors
2984
02:24:36,720 --> 02:24:40,560
uh what can affect their sector whether
2985
02:24:38,560 --> 02:24:42,560
they're working on the trade sector or
2986
02:24:40,560 --> 02:24:44,560
their work in the education sector
2987
02:24:42,560 --> 02:24:46,080
but the thing is that uh afterwards
2988
02:24:44,560 --> 02:24:48,240
after we did the uh
2989
02:24:46,080 --> 02:24:49,439
the the analysis the composition
2990
02:24:48,240 --> 02:24:51,760
analysis on
2991
02:24:49,439 --> 02:24:53,520
on on these uh entrepreneurs we actually
2992
02:24:51,760 --> 02:24:55,040
have a very small sample size so we're
2993
02:24:53,520 --> 02:24:56,000
hoping to collect a new wave in the
2994
02:24:55,040 --> 02:24:58,479
future and hopefully
2995
02:24:56,000 --> 02:24:59,600
we can have more sample to support our
2996
02:24:58,479 --> 02:25:01,200
studies in the future
2997
02:24:59,600 --> 02:25:02,720
and that is something that my culture is
2998
02:25:01,200 --> 02:25:04,880
uh planning to do actually
2999
02:25:02,720 --> 02:25:05,760
so great thank you so much thank you
3000
02:25:04,880 --> 02:25:07,520
yeah uh so
3001
02:25:05,760 --> 02:25:09,120
the the next question maybe the final
3002
02:25:07,520 --> 02:25:12,080
question uh for tonight okay
3003
02:25:09,120 --> 02:25:13,840
it's for uh too cool and be young and
3004
02:25:12,080 --> 02:25:16,240
maybe uh bian can
3005
02:25:13,840 --> 02:25:18,319
can take the lead in answering this
3006
02:25:16,240 --> 02:25:20,720
question so here is the question
3007
02:25:18,319 --> 02:25:21,680
in the hong kong versus mainland china
3008
02:25:20,720 --> 02:25:24,640
context
3009
02:25:21,680 --> 02:25:26,319
do you ever observe ways in which ties
3010
02:25:24,640 --> 02:25:28,800
to political officials
3011
02:25:26,319 --> 02:25:30,319
matter for opportunities of foreign of
3012
02:25:28,800 --> 02:25:34,080
foreign
3013
02:25:30,319 --> 02:25:39,040
entrepreneurs i think this may be a more
3014
02:25:34,080 --> 02:25:43,040
important issue in the mainland
3015
02:25:39,040 --> 02:25:43,680
oh um so for my own observation in hong
3016
02:25:43,040 --> 02:25:46,560
kong
3017
02:25:43,680 --> 02:25:48,399
i personally do not think that there is
3018
02:25:46,560 --> 02:25:50,160
that a tie to political officials would
3019
02:25:48,399 --> 02:25:52,640
be very important for them to combat
3020
02:25:50,160 --> 02:25:55,120
business here in hong kong however
3021
02:25:52,640 --> 02:25:56,000
uh i i have to do not have a lot of
3022
02:25:55,120 --> 02:25:57,760
proof for that
3023
02:25:56,000 --> 02:26:00,160
i think maybe because the phone has a
3024
02:25:57,760 --> 02:26:00,800
better sale and our data doesn't really
3025
02:26:00,160 --> 02:26:03,760
have that
3026
02:26:00,800 --> 02:26:05,040
variable so i don't really but i for my
3027
02:26:03,760 --> 02:26:07,520
own observation
3028
02:26:05,040 --> 02:26:10,560
uh this kind of kind of title about that
3029
02:26:07,520 --> 02:26:10,560
first of all how do you think
3030
02:26:13,439 --> 02:26:17,600
yes i basically agree with young i i um
3031
02:26:16,479 --> 02:26:20,800
the observation
3032
02:26:17,600 --> 02:26:24,399
and so i don't think there's much um uh
3033
02:26:20,800 --> 02:26:26,960
influence of the high official um in
3034
02:26:24,399 --> 02:26:29,439
shipping the entrepreneurship patent in
3035
02:26:26,960 --> 02:26:29,439
hong kong
3036
02:26:33,120 --> 02:26:36,160
it's very cool do you have any comment
3037
02:26:34,479 --> 02:26:39,040
on that
3038
02:26:36,160 --> 02:26:40,720
well i i'm actually uh because i i i
3039
02:26:39,040 --> 02:26:42,880
haven't been involved in the data
3040
02:26:40,720 --> 02:26:44,960
collection process i'm not sure actually
3041
02:26:42,880 --> 02:26:46,800
but uh we have another paper i have
3042
02:26:44,960 --> 02:26:47,680
another paper with professor uh cell
3043
02:26:46,800 --> 02:26:49,520
phone finance
3044
02:26:47,680 --> 02:26:51,600
and in that paper we kind of find that
3045
02:26:49,520 --> 02:26:54,160
there is certain limitation there
3046
02:26:51,600 --> 02:26:55,040
uh but may may not be specific to uh
3047
02:26:54,160 --> 02:26:57,359
entrepreneurship
3048
02:26:55,040 --> 02:26:59,600
i mean their restriction on like you
3049
02:26:57,359 --> 02:27:02,800
know uh starting uh
3050
02:26:59,600 --> 02:27:04,399
participating in in civic association
3051
02:27:02,800 --> 02:27:06,800
something like that but we're not really
3052
02:27:04,399 --> 02:27:10,080
sure about the uh entrepreneurship part
3053
02:27:06,800 --> 02:27:13,359
if my my closer want to speak on that
3054
02:27:10,080 --> 02:27:13,359
i'm i'm not sure so
3055
02:27:13,760 --> 02:27:20,960
sorry okay uh thank you um
3056
02:27:17,680 --> 02:27:22,640
um i think uh our time is up we have no
3057
02:27:20,960 --> 02:27:23,040
time for more questions uh do you have
3058
02:27:22,640 --> 02:27:26,960
any
3059
02:27:23,040 --> 02:27:30,800
closing remarks for tonight uh no i said
3060
02:27:26,960 --> 02:27:34,560
i send everybody a chat and we will have
3061
02:27:30,800 --> 02:27:37,920
our symposium to be continued tomorrow
3062
02:27:34,560 --> 02:27:41,600
and we have three panels one is at 9
3063
02:27:37,920 --> 02:27:42,720
30 and two we have two panels in late
3064
02:27:41,600 --> 02:27:45,600
afternoon
3065
02:27:42,720 --> 02:27:46,399
starting at four and then the other one
3066
02:27:45,600 --> 02:27:49,760
is at 5
3067
02:27:46,399 --> 02:27:52,800
45. so good night and good day
3068
02:27:49,760 --> 02:27:54,640
in asia and see you tomorrow thank you
3069
02:27:52,800 --> 02:27:56,080
all so much thank you especially the
3070
02:27:54,640 --> 02:27:58,399
presenters yeah
3071
02:27:56,080 --> 02:27:59,600
for the extremely insightful uh
3072
02:27:58,399 --> 02:28:02,640
enlightenment papers
3073
02:27:59,600 --> 02:28:04,880
thank you all yeah thank you wonderful
3074
02:28:02,640 --> 02:28:06,399
thank you thank you thank you all for
3075
02:28:04,880 --> 02:28:09,760
coming thank you
3076
02:28:06,399 --> 02:28:13,280
thank you okay bye-bye bye
3077
02:28:09,760 --> 02:28:20,319
bye hi we made it
3078
02:28:13,280 --> 02:28:20,319
we made it with great great panels