Cartographic Humanism: The Making of Early Modern Europe

CERS book talk by Katharina Piechocki (Harvard University, Comparative Literature).

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Cartographic Humanism: The Making of Early Modern Europe

Tuesday, May 12, 2020
12:00 PM - 1:00 PM

Zoom Webinar (Pacific Time)

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ABOUT THE BOOK:

What is “Europe” and where are the continent’s boundaries? Cartographic Humanism investigates Europe as an astonishingly unexamined category by mobilizing cartography as a foundational and yet highly ambiguous cultural technology of early modernity. The author argues that a new idea of Europe as an autonomous continent was driven by the rise of cartography as a new humanistic discipline. Humanists’ investigation of ancient and medieval geographic sources yielded a new cartographic lexicon, including nouns such as “topography” and “continent” and the Latinate adjective “Europeus.” Piechocki calls europoiesis the shifting image of Europe as a continent in the making by focusing on Europe’s three regions—Germany, France, and Italy—and humanists whose work showcases the tension between poetic, philological, and spatial figurations: Conrad Celtis, whose neo-Latin cartographic poetry (1501), “The Four Books of Love according to the Four Sides of Germany,” framed Germany as “Europe’s navel”; Geoffroy Tory’s "Champ fleury " (1529), a complex inquiry into the question of what constitutes a continent and what role languages play in it; and Girolamo Fracastoro’s first New World poem, "Syphilis" (1530), which imagines the continental divide between Europe and the New World in constant flux, determined by changing sea levels. Europe’s emergence as a universal idea has proven to be exceedingly influential—and often devastating on a global scale. Pushing at once against smooth narratives of progress and all-too-dark scenarios, Piechocki traces this vision of Europe back to its cartographic underpinnings in ca. 1400, when cartography turned into a tool propelling arbitrary borderlines with all their consequences.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR:

Katharina Piechocki is an associate professor in Harvard's Comparative Literature Department. She is the author of "Cartographic Humanism: The Making of Early Modern Europe" (University of Chicago Press, 2019) and is currently completing a book titled "Hercules: Procreative Poetics and the Rise of the Opera Libretto." Her main area of research and teaching is early modern European literature, with a particular focus on cartography, translation studies, gender studies, opera, and theater, as well as theories of world cinema. She works in ten linguistic traditions: Italian, French, Portuguese, German, Polish, Spanish, Latin, ancient Greek and (beginning) Arabic, besides English. At the center of Piechocki’s work, supported by numerous national and international grants and fellowships, is the importance of spatial and poetic figuration embedded in a nuanced and deep analysis of early modernity’s diverse linguistic, literary, and cultural manifestations, from ca. 1400 to ca. 1700. Her research explores the rise and transformation of new disciplines (cartography, philology, translation) and the emergence and translation of new interdisciplinary, predominantly performative, art forms (opera, ballet, revival of ancient theater) as they traveled across regions, nations, and continents. Together with Tom Conley, she co-chairs the Cartography Seminar at Harvard's Mahindra Humanities Center.


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Duration: 57:23

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Transcript:

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my name is Laurie Hart I'm professor of

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anthropology and global studies and the

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director of the Center for European and

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Russian studies here I want to welcome

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you all to our first zoom talk for the

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Center for for this spring 2020 so

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wonderful that many of you so many of

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you could join us and as many others

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have observed this spring I'm sure

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you've heard this before although we're

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deprived of the joys of in-person

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contact we're able to expand extend our

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offerings to others who wouldn't

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otherwise be able to attend so welcome

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to our far-flung and attendees and

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please be sure that you're welcome to

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join us for other events as we go

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forward I'm absolutely thrilled that we

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have Katerina Fiats key joining us today

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is our opening talk I wanted to let you

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know that on Thursday May 28th at 2 p.m.

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we'll have our second lecture for the

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spring my two Zubr a hockey giving a

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talk called talking trash the cultural

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uses of waste so you can follow the

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Center on Facebook or also join our

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email list through Facebook or the

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Center website for future events ok I

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want to mention a couple of logistical

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matters before we start this being zoom

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we are recording this meeting if it's

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really nice to see your faces but if you

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don't want to be seen in the recording

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you are free to mute your video in any

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case please do keep your audio muted at

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the end of the lecture we will take

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questions and we're going to use the

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chat function to do that I will mention

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this again at the end most of you are

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probably familiar with it but that way

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we can efficiently use our time to ask a

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few questions of Katrina at the end

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so without the be introduced Katrina

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briefly she is associate professor in

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the department of comparative literature

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at Harvard University where she joined

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the faculty in 2013 after completing her

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PhD in comparative literature at NYU and

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addy fill in the romance Studies

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department at Vienna University her

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teaching and research focus as you'll

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hear today is on cartography as well as

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translation studies gender studies opera

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and theatre as well as theories of world

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cinema working in 10 linguistic

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traditions pretty impressive her

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research and teaching is extraordinarily

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interdisciplinary in nature both

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centering on canonical texts and as well

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untranslated and less study authors so

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her book about which she will be talking

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today a recent book cartographic

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humanism the making of early modern

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Europe was published with the University

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of Chicago Press in 2019 and I'm not

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going to say anything further about that

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right now because Katrina will be

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speaking about it but let me just

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briefly mention that she has two other

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current book projects in the works

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one Hercules procreative poetics and the

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rise of the Opera libretto on the

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poetics of the libretto and the figure

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of Hercules is under under current work

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and it is an investigation among other

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things of gender politics performance

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practices medical discourses and the

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rise of absolutism pretty compelling

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project she also is co-editing a current

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volume called the future of geography

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which addresses a set of urgent

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questions about the future of geography

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as geography departments are

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disappearing from several universities

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across the u.s. while they are emerging

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and thriving and others so a

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consideration of that new landscape

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Katarina has had numerous fellowships

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and grants

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I'll just mention a couple of them the

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inaugural fellowship at the newly

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founded Europe Center at the University

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of Constance in Germany a distinguished

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junior external fellow at the Stanford

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Humanities Center John F Cogan junior

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faculty lead fellowship from harvest

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Davis Center and on and on she's also

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widely published journal articles and

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book chapters that I won't mention now

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just

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sake of time and so with that let me

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welcome katryna katulski

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to talk to us about her new book Katrina

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thank you thank you so much Laurie for

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this very generous introduction

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can you all hear me all right yes okay

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and for having me really it's an

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enormous pleasure to be here with you

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today and to speak about my book

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cartographic humanism been looking of

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early modern Europe before I start I

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would like to thank la mulana the former

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director of staff for inviting me to

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talk about my book even before it was

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out I would also like to thank Janna

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Gracia and Samuel Oschin for making this

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event possible we're meeting under very

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different circumstances than initially

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imagined not in person but within the

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framework of remote communication which

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required an entirely different planning

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so thank you very much for making this

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virtual meeting possible while I'm

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breaching one of the major principles of

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Aristotelian rhetoric namely new by

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audience I am grateful to be speaking

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over soon which allows me nevertheless

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to bring many scholars colleagues and

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friends together in really previously

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unimaginable ways thank you very much to

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all of you for being here today I'm

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delighted to share with you some of my

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main ideas that I have been developing

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and thinking about for more or less 10

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years that have taken the shape of a

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monograph cartographic humanism

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before delving deeper into the questions

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and topics addressed in the book which I

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can only briefly allude to and a hope

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that we will have a chance to perhaps

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deepen some of them in the Q&A let me

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briefly tell you where I'm coming from

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and how the idea to write this book

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first originated I'm two strands of

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thinking have really driven my research

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and they are afraid reflected in the

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dual title of my book the definition of

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early modern Europe on the one hand and

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cartographic humanism on the other now I

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will retreat into a corner and start my

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slideshow so bear with me as I will hope

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to share with you my slides can you see

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them

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do you see the slides yes yes we used to

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them okay thank you so as to the first

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pathway as an early modernist I have

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always been struck by the fact that

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scholars of the Renaissance tend to

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entertain a relatively narrow

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understanding of Renaissance Europe

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often reducing it to a few Western

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European countries I myself am Central

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and Eastern European although I have

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studied Romance languages Italian French

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and to some extent Portuguese I was born

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in Poland and migrated with my family at

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an early age via Norway to Austria where

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we were at first political refugees

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those who grew up in or visited Europe

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before the fall of the Berlin Wall we'll

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remember Europe's internal political and

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cultural divisions protracted by the

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presence of the Iron Curtain I do

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believe that the memory of this time

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still informs to some extent scholarship

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on the early modern period today but

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also more recently vents such as the

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Yugoslav wars of the 1990s or Russia's

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annexation of Crimea in 2014 show that

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Europe is not a monolith and that when

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we say Europe we often have an idea

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about the continent that tends to smooth

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out the wrinkles of history provincial

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eyes in Europe as deepest Chakrabarti

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has long called for demands I believe

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are returned to the question of what

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early modern Europe actually means and

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meant in the past what do we actually

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have in mind when we say the word Europe

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thinking about Europe requires a

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critical intervention in the manifold

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processes which propelled Europe's rise

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as a continent and an idea I argue in my

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book that these processes started in the

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course of the 15th and 16th centuries

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and this leads me to my second pathway

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that prompted me to write cartographic

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humanism the hypothesis underlying my

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bloc enhanced the title is that the new

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imagining of Europe is an increasingly

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hegemonic and sovereign continent was

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driven by the rise of a novel humanistic

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discipline cartography Renaissance

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humanism is commonly thought of it's a

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revival of ancient languages and a

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renewed interest and disciplines such as

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philology in the theory and practice of

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translation relatively little attention

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within the study of humanism it's

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commonly given to questions pertaining

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to space although I need to correct

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myself instantly and acknowledge the

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pioneering work that many scholars of

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literature have undertaken over the past

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two decades some even longer in their

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study of the role of space geography and

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cartography in early modern literature I

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went I want to mention in particular

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from play song wrong Tom Connelly chat

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catchy

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Walter Manolo Ricardo padrone and Jeff

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Peters my work has also been informed by

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more recent studies I'm thinking among

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others of Simone Bennett Ayesha

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Ramachandran Philip uh sure

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yagh Doudna row vector model simi and

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Yakutia each one tends to forget that

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humanists were spatial fingers for

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instance Patrick's first fella logical

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endeavors were annotations to pomponius

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Mela

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Geographic work Patrick found a copy of

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MELAS Decker agraphia

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also known as dead sea to orbit's the

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oldest extant Latin treatise on

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geography from the first century Common

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Era which became together with Ptolemy

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second century II Common Era geography

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one of the most popular and widely

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consulted words of ancient geography in

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the Renaissance period Petrarch instead

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catchy has long shown was immensely

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interested in geography it was a spatial

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thinker who wrote among others a

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fictitious travel narrative to the Holy

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Land which showcases tetrax profound

247

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familiarity with the different

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cartographic traditions of his time but

249

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also patrick sonnets in the console era

250

00:11:18,249 --> 00:11:23,860

are deeply informed by his remarkable

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geographic knowledge quite frequently it

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is an acid upto mean II Pope Pius

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second who is considered to be the first

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humanist to have coined in the middle of

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the 15th century the Latin it adjective

256

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and repels the argument often advanced

257

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in this context is that the adjective

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00:11:41,350 --> 00:11:47,060

invented furthermore by a pope emerged

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00:11:44,690 --> 00:11:50,449

in tandem with the idea of a Christian

260

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Europe and with the adjective and that

261

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the adjective European is somehow

262

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coextensive with Christianity without

263

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denying the importance of religion for

264

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the formation of Europe as a continent I

265

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shift the focus to geography and

266

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cartography which I believe offers a

267

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very complex and heretofore neglected

268

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lens upon the emergence of Europe it was

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actually the geographer Boccaccio and

270

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this is the title of a volume edited by

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Roberta morosini who one century prior

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to Piccolomini was the first to advance

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in his vernacular commentary on Dante's

274

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Divine Comedy the adjective of neologism

275

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a la pickle as I disentangle the pair

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Europe and Christianity I argue that

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continental thinking was crystallized in

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tandem with an unprecedented spatial and

279

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cartographic thinking triggered at the

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beginning of the 15th century by the

281

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first major reception in Italy and

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across Europe of Ptolemies geography

283

00:12:54,829 --> 00:13:02,390

which became a crucial source for early

284

00:12:57,470 --> 00:13:04,670

modern cartographers Ptolemy became so

285

00:13:02,390 --> 00:13:07,360

influential because among others the

286

00:13:04,670 --> 00:13:10,850

geography was the first work to use

287

00:13:07,360 --> 00:13:13,069

longitudinal and latitudinal lines the

288

00:13:10,850 --> 00:13:15,260

coordinate system allowed Ptolemy to

289

00:13:13,069 --> 00:13:18,649

locate each place with the help of the

290

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longitude and latitude the visualization

291

00:13:18,649 --> 00:13:23,029

of the territory of the grid became in

292

00:13:21,110 --> 00:13:25,670

turn the very basis to conceive of

293

00:13:23,029 --> 00:13:29,050

territorial boundaries not as natural

294

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borders but as straight arbitrary lines

295

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grounded in the alleged objectivity of

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abstract mathematics the great

297

00:13:34,880 --> 00:13:39,889

disadvantage of straight arbitrary lines

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is that they are entirely detached

299

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from the actual physical territory and

300

00:13:42,170 --> 00:13:48,139

the people inhabiting it the Treaty of

301

00:13:45,230 --> 00:13:51,739

Tordesillas signed between Portugal and

302

00:13:48,139 --> 00:13:53,929

staying in 1494 was the first instance

303

00:13:51,739 --> 00:13:57,049

to explicitly referred to these straight

304

00:13:53,929 --> 00:13:59,540

lines called enas or my ass in the

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00:13:57,049 --> 00:14:02,059

Spanish original in an attempt at

306

00:13:59,540 --> 00:14:04,189

dividing up the Atlantic Ocean into a

307

00:14:02,059 --> 00:14:07,609

Spanish and a portuguese sphere of

308

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influence the text of the treaty clearly

309

00:14:07,609 --> 00:14:13,189

states that the line should be drawn

310

00:14:09,980 --> 00:14:16,189

without taking into account any land

311

00:14:13,189 --> 00:14:19,160

mass it would encounter in other words

312

00:14:16,189 --> 00:14:21,739

it's not the physical territory and the

313

00:14:19,160 --> 00:14:23,689

people inhabiting it that shapes the

314

00:14:21,739 --> 00:14:26,569

border line but it's the other way

315

00:14:23,689 --> 00:14:29,509

around from the late 15th century on

316

00:14:26,569 --> 00:14:32,269

it's the arbitrary border line cast on a

317

00:14:29,509 --> 00:14:34,449

map that decides upon the formation of

318

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communities and territorial boundaries

319

00:14:34,449 --> 00:14:41,689

the cantina met from 1502 is one of the

320

00:14:38,449 --> 00:14:45,379

first maps featuring the Luna from the

321

00:14:41,689 --> 00:14:48,739

Treaty of Tordesillas to the Berlin

322

00:14:45,379 --> 00:14:51,319

Congo Conference which in 1884 85

323

00:14:48,739 --> 00:14:53,589

divided up the African continent by

324

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following the logic of the straight-line

325

00:14:53,589 --> 00:14:58,459

cartography has propelled the arbitrary

326

00:14:56,029 --> 00:15:01,669

division of land masses and with it of

327

00:14:58,459 --> 00:15:03,499

its inhabitants our own 21st century

328

00:15:01,669 --> 00:15:05,839

methods of representing space and

329

00:15:03,499 --> 00:15:08,439

magining borders can actually be traced

330

00:15:05,839 --> 00:15:11,179

back to those very cartographic models

331

00:15:08,439 --> 00:15:12,559

elaborated in the course of the 15th and

332

00:15:11,179 --> 00:15:15,169

16th centuries

333

00:15:12,559 --> 00:15:18,579

of which Ptolemies coordinate system is

334

00:15:15,169 --> 00:15:18,579

an important one

335

00:15:19,720 --> 00:15:25,060

my book adopts the broad comparative

336

00:15:22,519 --> 00:15:27,350

lens that brings together literature

337

00:15:25,060 --> 00:15:30,649

cartography and spatial thinking from

338

00:15:27,350 --> 00:15:32,899

Europe's east and west as you can see

339

00:15:30,649 --> 00:15:36,730

from my table of content I engage with

340

00:15:32,899 --> 00:15:39,829

Germany Poland France Italy and Portugal

341

00:15:36,730 --> 00:15:42,649

the choice of these particular countries

342

00:15:39,829 --> 00:15:45,889

might see in arbitrary and of course

343

00:15:42,649 --> 00:15:48,050

sales but there is also a historical and

344

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geographic rationale for my particular

345

00:15:48,050 --> 00:15:53,810

choice in fact since antiquity Europe

346

00:15:51,529 --> 00:15:56,060

was conceived in symmetrical terms

347

00:15:53,810 --> 00:15:58,579

whereby the west and the east were

348

00:15:56,060 --> 00:16:02,510

specular they were imagined as mirror

349

00:15:58,579 --> 00:16:04,970

images as did the anonymous author of

350

00:16:02,510 --> 00:16:08,269

this 11th century Egyptian book of

351

00:16:04,970 --> 00:16:11,240

curiosities the imagining the enclosed

352

00:16:08,269 --> 00:16:13,550

Mediterranean Sea symmetrically as an

353

00:16:11,240 --> 00:16:16,310

ellipse in which not only Europe and

354

00:16:13,550 --> 00:16:17,899

Africa but also Europe's East and West

355

00:16:16,310 --> 00:16:20,720

mirror one another

356

00:16:17,899 --> 00:16:22,940

the ancient geographers frequent use of

357

00:16:20,720 --> 00:16:25,010

identical toponyms

358

00:16:22,940 --> 00:16:27,800

for Europe's western and eastern border

359

00:16:25,010 --> 00:16:30,769

regions and cities further enhanced the

360

00:16:27,800 --> 00:16:33,740

continents imagined symmetry in the work

361

00:16:30,769 --> 00:16:36,620

of strable Ptolemy Plutarch and Clini

362

00:16:33,740 --> 00:16:39,680

the elder the top one in Iberia or he

363

00:16:36,620 --> 00:16:42,560

Baria for instance referred at once to

364

00:16:39,680 --> 00:16:44,630

the Iberian Peninsula as well as to the

365

00:16:42,560 --> 00:16:47,540

region on the Caucasus we now know as

366

00:16:44,630 --> 00:16:50,630

Georgia we can see it here on Sebastian

367

00:16:47,540 --> 00:16:54,529

Bustos map of the Caucasus the reference

368

00:16:50,630 --> 00:16:57,380

to a period parts east of Kalki's but we

369

00:16:54,529 --> 00:17:01,880

also see here on this map north of

370

00:16:57,380 --> 00:17:04,160

Iberia Alexander's columns yet another

371

00:17:01,880 --> 00:17:06,020

attempt by ancient geographers and early

372

00:17:04,160 --> 00:17:08,870

modern cartographers to delineate

373

00:17:06,020 --> 00:17:12,169

Europe's eastern boundaries in symmetry

374

00:17:08,870 --> 00:17:15,559

to the Pillars of Hercules in Europe's

375

00:17:12,169 --> 00:17:18,679

West in fact early modern cartography

376

00:17:15,559 --> 00:17:20,990

saw in both the historical Alexander the

377

00:17:18,679 --> 00:17:23,839

Great and the mythological figure of

378

00:17:20,990 --> 00:17:26,959

Hercules surveyors of liminal

379

00:17:23,839 --> 00:17:29,890

territories staking out continental

380

00:17:26,959 --> 00:17:33,240

boundaries in the east and in the West

381

00:17:29,890 --> 00:17:36,630

respectively in times of territory

382

00:17:33,240 --> 00:17:38,970

expansion and colonization the symmetry

383

00:17:36,630 --> 00:17:42,000

between Europe's east and west was often

384

00:17:38,970 --> 00:17:44,340

of course politically motivated the

385

00:17:42,000 --> 00:17:47,400

Polish humanist and geographer makinia

386

00:17:44,340 --> 00:17:50,100

Kavita established an explicit analogy

387

00:17:47,400 --> 00:17:52,440

between the king of Poland

388

00:17:50,100 --> 00:17:56,250

Sigismund the first and the king of

389

00:17:52,440 --> 00:17:57,930

Portugal Manuel the first maja bananas

390

00:17:56,250 --> 00:18:00,780

rights and his treatise on Europe's

391

00:17:57,930 --> 00:18:03,480

eastern boundaries titled Tractatus dead

392

00:18:00,780 --> 00:18:06,240

watts are mozzies just as the southern

393

00:18:03,480 --> 00:18:09,210

hemisphere with people's adjacent to the

394

00:18:06,240 --> 00:18:11,640

ocean as far as India was discovered by

395

00:18:09,210 --> 00:18:13,500

the Portuguese King so the northern

396

00:18:11,640 --> 00:18:15,350

hemisphere whether it's people living

397

00:18:13,500 --> 00:18:18,300

closely to the northern ocean and

398

00:18:15,350 --> 00:18:19,680

oriented toward the east discovered

399

00:18:18,300 --> 00:18:22,380

through the army and warfare of the

400

00:18:19,680 --> 00:18:26,430

Polish King should be opened up and

401

00:18:22,380 --> 00:18:28,650

become known to the world Poland and

402

00:18:26,430 --> 00:18:31,530

Portugal stand here in a speculative

403

00:18:28,650 --> 00:18:33,900

relationship although my Kavita does not

404

00:18:31,530 --> 00:18:36,570

yet divide the hemispheres into East and

405

00:18:33,900 --> 00:18:38,160

West a division only slowly on the rise

406

00:18:36,570 --> 00:18:41,700

at the beginning of the sixteenth

407

00:18:38,160 --> 00:18:44,100

century but rather adopts a north-south

408

00:18:41,700 --> 00:18:46,770

hemispheric division in the medieval

409

00:18:44,100 --> 00:18:49,890

tradition of the zonal or macro peon

410

00:18:46,770 --> 00:18:53,220

math according to which the world is

411

00:18:49,890 --> 00:18:55,170

divided into five climatic zones we see

412

00:18:53,220 --> 00:18:59,010

here an addition of Macrobius with the

413

00:18:55,170 --> 00:19:01,590

oil cumin a the three continent worldís

414

00:18:59,010 --> 00:19:04,500

note to the ancients squeezed into the

415

00:19:01,590 --> 00:19:07,440

northern hemisphere and the oil cumin a

416

00:19:04,500 --> 00:19:10,500

is here as we also see inverted by

417

00:19:07,440 --> 00:19:12,540

mistake so India is where one would

418

00:19:10,500 --> 00:19:13,740

expect the Iberian Peninsula and Europe

419

00:19:12,540 --> 00:19:17,130

as in the Far East

420

00:19:13,740 --> 00:19:18,900

oh well elbow space is left in the

421

00:19:17,130 --> 00:19:21,720

southern hemisphere to imagine the

422

00:19:18,900 --> 00:19:25,560

potential existence of the Antipodes or

423

00:19:21,720 --> 00:19:28,890

around 1500 the inhabitants of the new

424

00:19:25,560 --> 00:19:32,220

world by the way when we speak today

425

00:19:28,890 --> 00:19:35,040

about the global South we actually take

426

00:19:32,220 --> 00:19:36,870

up the macro bein zonal model which

427

00:19:35,040 --> 00:19:39,330

functions as an alternative to

428

00:19:36,870 --> 00:19:43,820

continental thinking as it brings

429

00:19:39,330 --> 00:19:46,730

together locales comparable and climes

430

00:19:43,820 --> 00:19:49,190

continental awareness has an interesting

431

00:19:46,730 --> 00:19:51,440

straight in ancient Greece it emerged

432

00:19:49,190 --> 00:19:54,650

not as an opposition between Europe and

433

00:19:51,440 --> 00:19:57,650

Asia at first but as a productive

434

00:19:54,650 --> 00:20:00,350

tension between the Aegean islands and

435

00:19:57,650 --> 00:20:03,080

the surrounding mainland namely Greece

436

00:20:00,350 --> 00:20:06,080

and Asia Minor in particular the

437

00:20:03,080 --> 00:20:08,929

powerful coastal cities of Athens in

438

00:20:06,080 --> 00:20:12,400

Greece and Miletus in Asia Minor here

439

00:20:08,929 --> 00:20:15,290

framed an a beautiful pale orange in

440

00:20:12,400 --> 00:20:18,530

ancient Greeks continent reference the

441

00:20:15,290 --> 00:20:21,620

Eurasian mainland in opposition to the

442

00:20:18,530 --> 00:20:24,890

archipelago the Greek turn for mainland

443

00:20:21,620 --> 00:20:27,200

had paid on literally without boundaries

444

00:20:24,890 --> 00:20:30,290

stood in stark contrast to the

445

00:20:27,200 --> 00:20:33,320

boundedness of the island missiles in

446

00:20:30,290 --> 00:20:35,090

greek what is of interest is that since

447

00:20:33,320 --> 00:20:38,780

the beginnings of pre-socratic

448

00:20:35,090 --> 00:20:41,299

philosophy in union Miletus geography

449

00:20:38,780 --> 00:20:44,419

and philosophy unfolded as twin

450

00:20:41,299 --> 00:20:47,299

disciplines the first Greek philosopher

451

00:20:44,419 --> 00:20:50,090

Alexander an unexamined er of Miletus

452

00:20:47,299 --> 00:20:52,490

was also the first geographer to

453

00:20:50,090 --> 00:20:55,429

represent him the inhabited earth on a

454

00:20:52,490 --> 00:20:58,130

tablet thus creating the first map in

455

00:20:55,429 --> 00:21:00,799

neoneun thought the geographic practice

456

00:20:58,130 --> 00:21:04,820

of imagining borderless space and

457

00:21:00,799 --> 00:21:07,490

defining entities was unmatched with the

458

00:21:04,820 --> 00:21:10,940

two foundational logical operations

459

00:21:07,490 --> 00:21:13,610

would drive philosophical thought namely

460

00:21:10,940 --> 00:21:17,740

to imagine the infinite on the one hand

461

00:21:13,610 --> 00:21:20,840

and to define concepts on the other

462

00:21:17,740 --> 00:21:22,850

early modern humanists mobilized the

463

00:21:20,840 --> 00:21:26,480

affinity between cartography and

464

00:21:22,850 --> 00:21:29,630

philosophy in new creative ways and with

465

00:21:26,480 --> 00:21:32,809

different agendas none other than I

466

00:21:29,630 --> 00:21:35,840

blush to Dula powerfully showcased this

467

00:21:32,809 --> 00:21:38,870

connection in his allegorical philosophy

468

00:21:35,840 --> 00:21:42,470

woodcut created for Conrad said Issus

469

00:21:38,870 --> 00:21:45,260

1502 collection of allergies titled

470

00:21:42,470 --> 00:21:48,020

quacked war Libra Amorim secundum watch

471

00:21:45,260 --> 00:21:51,380

were allatra garma yeah I love this

472

00:21:48,020 --> 00:21:54,080

title for books of love according to the

473

00:21:51,380 --> 00:21:56,950

four sides of Germany I have to have a

474

00:21:54,080 --> 00:21:56,950

sip of one draft

475

00:21:57,190 --> 00:22:01,510

before delving into this what cut in

476

00:21:59,560 --> 00:22:04,930

greater detail let me tell you a few

477

00:22:01,510 --> 00:22:07,240

words about sentences work sentences for

478

00:22:04,930 --> 00:22:09,340

books of allergies are probably the

479

00:22:07,240 --> 00:22:12,070

earliest and most fascinating

480

00:22:09,340 --> 00:22:14,680

cartographic book produced in Germany

481

00:22:12,070 --> 00:22:16,470

and probably beyond in the first years

482

00:22:14,680 --> 00:22:19,080

of the sixteenth century

483

00:22:16,470 --> 00:22:21,910

satis was the first poet laureate

484

00:22:19,080 --> 00:22:24,850

outside of Italy as well as doulas

485

00:22:21,910 --> 00:22:28,120

mentor and his Quattro libri moorim is

486

00:22:24,850 --> 00:22:30,610

an entirely unprecedented attempt to

487

00:22:28,120 --> 00:22:34,060

embed love poetry within a cartographic

488

00:22:30,610 --> 00:22:36,970

framework each book of allergies written

489

00:22:34,060 --> 00:22:40,690

Neola and hexameters is accompanied by a

490

00:22:36,970 --> 00:22:43,180

stylized woodcut vaguely inspired very

491

00:22:40,690 --> 00:22:46,900

vaguely inspired and creatively inspired

492

00:22:43,180 --> 00:22:50,080

by ptolemies regional maps of germany

493

00:22:46,900 --> 00:22:52,750

each woodcut features not only one side

494

00:22:50,080 --> 00:22:55,900

of Germany but also at the map Center

495

00:22:52,750 --> 00:23:00,130

sent us himself and the company of a

496

00:22:55,900 --> 00:23:03,220

regional female love interest preface

497

00:23:00,130 --> 00:23:04,890

ink seduces cartographic allergies do

498

00:23:03,220 --> 00:23:08,500

those woodcut - which I now return

499

00:23:04,890 --> 00:23:11,620

depicts philosophy as an elegant female

500

00:23:08,500 --> 00:23:14,350

figure while for Cubans keep on offski

501

00:23:11,620 --> 00:23:16,360

and Saxon the woodcut is still deeply

502

00:23:14,350 --> 00:23:19,600

deeply rooted in the medieval tradition

503

00:23:16,360 --> 00:23:21,940

of allegorical representation of Lady

504

00:23:19,600 --> 00:23:25,870

philosophy and the seven liberal arts in

505

00:23:21,940 --> 00:23:29,740

the vein of boethius we actually realize

506

00:23:25,870 --> 00:23:33,610

upon closer examination that the first

507

00:23:29,740 --> 00:23:36,640

medallion atop the garland do I insert

508

00:23:33,610 --> 00:23:37,420

that in that top in in the top a

509

00:23:36,640 --> 00:23:40,860

medallion

510

00:23:37,420 --> 00:23:43,480

Dula inserts none other than Ptolemy

511

00:23:40,860 --> 00:23:47,080

suggesting that philosophy and the

512

00:23:43,480 --> 00:23:49,870

translation study originated with the

513

00:23:47,080 --> 00:23:53,110

second Common Era groom and geographer

514

00:23:49,870 --> 00:23:56,080

from Alexandria in other words the

515

00:23:53,110 --> 00:23:58,930

movement of translation study originates

516

00:23:56,080 --> 00:24:03,010

not with Greek philosophy but with

517

00:23:58,930 --> 00:24:05,980

cartography and Ptolemy Pulido Cicero

518

00:24:03,010 --> 00:24:09,040

and Virgil are all anachronistic early

519

00:24:05,980 --> 00:24:10,660

displaced despite having preceded him in

520

00:24:09,040 --> 00:24:14,200

time they appear you

521

00:24:10,660 --> 00:24:16,660

as followers of Ptolemy with Albertus

522

00:24:14,200 --> 00:24:20,080

Magnus the medieval German philosopher

523

00:24:16,660 --> 00:24:22,720

and cartographic thinker the movement of

524

00:24:20,080 --> 00:24:25,660

translate Co and itinerary leading from

525

00:24:22,720 --> 00:24:28,030

Ptolemies Egypt to Plato's Greece to

526

00:24:25,660 --> 00:24:31,030

Cicero's and Virgil's Rome and finally

527

00:24:28,030 --> 00:24:33,190

to Germany comes to a close the

528

00:24:31,030 --> 00:24:35,800

chronological rationale of the movement

529

00:24:33,190 --> 00:24:41,460

of translate CEO is here disrupted and

530

00:24:35,800 --> 00:24:44,400

supplanted by a spatial logic by 1500

531

00:24:41,460 --> 00:24:48,090

cartography has become a strategic

532

00:24:44,400 --> 00:24:52,540

intervention structuring and defining

533

00:24:48,090 --> 00:24:55,120

knowledge in sentences elegies spatial

534

00:24:52,540 --> 00:24:57,300

and cartographic thinking permeates the

535

00:24:55,120 --> 00:25:00,640

very structure of his lines

536

00:24:57,300 --> 00:25:03,910

janab Nishimura who has studied said

537

00:25:00,640 --> 00:25:06,670

uses use of ductility examiner's has

538

00:25:03,910 --> 00:25:09,400

noticed that said is carefully arranges

539

00:25:06,670 --> 00:25:12,970

words within each line to create a

540

00:25:09,400 --> 00:25:15,850

poetic cartography for instance said its

541

00:25:12,970 --> 00:25:18,880

uses dactyls when imagining the rapid

542

00:25:15,850 --> 00:25:20,920

movement of rivers his description of

543

00:25:18,880 --> 00:25:24,120

the flow of the Danube to Austria

544

00:25:20,920 --> 00:25:27,580

consists only of dactyls

545

00:25:24,120 --> 00:25:30,640

Austria cuffs are the two replicas it's

546

00:25:27,580 --> 00:25:33,550

unique I command them but when rivers

547

00:25:30,640 --> 00:25:36,750

take on the function of boundaries said

548

00:25:33,550 --> 00:25:42,580

to substitute spawned ease for captain's

549

00:25:36,750 --> 00:25:47,980

solo spearmen a sister said dear sir its

550

00:25:42,580 --> 00:25:52,840

auras lat Peregrine ease in dude sense

551

00:25:47,980 --> 00:25:55,740

threw me in Paris sentences use of the

552

00:25:52,840 --> 00:26:00,040

meter is carefully aligned with a

553

00:25:55,740 --> 00:26:02,920

geographic function and dactyl denoting

554

00:26:00,040 --> 00:26:05,740

the swiftness of a river is juxtaposed

555

00:26:02,920 --> 00:26:08,970

with a spondee used to render the

556

00:26:05,740 --> 00:26:12,490

immobility and length of a borderline

557

00:26:08,970 --> 00:26:14,980

sega's is of course not the only poet

558

00:26:12,490 --> 00:26:18,370

who alliance meter with cartographic

559

00:26:14,980 --> 00:26:20,770

thought and who incorporates the

560

00:26:18,370 --> 00:26:24,390

specific geographic variations and

561

00:26:20,770 --> 00:26:27,790

phenomena of a territory into his line

562

00:26:24,390 --> 00:26:30,880

although his four books of allergies are

563

00:26:27,790 --> 00:26:34,600

among the very first and finest examples

564

00:26:30,880 --> 00:26:37,660

of Renaissance cartographic poetics less

565

00:26:34,600 --> 00:26:40,210

than 30 years after Sadie's the Veronese

566

00:26:37,660 --> 00:26:43,030

physician geographer and poet

567

00:26:40,210 --> 00:26:45,790

Geronimo fracas total inscribed

568

00:26:43,030 --> 00:26:48,640

continental thinking in the first extant

569

00:26:45,790 --> 00:26:50,830

new world poem titled you might be

570

00:26:48,640 --> 00:26:54,250

surprised syphilis

571

00:26:50,830 --> 00:26:58,480

see the Immortals Gannicus published in

572

00:26:54,250 --> 00:27:01,960

1530 in Verona it is in this column that

573

00:26:58,480 --> 00:27:04,300

fracas toda coined the word syphilis for

574

00:27:01,960 --> 00:27:06,700

a relatively new epidemic previously

575

00:27:04,300 --> 00:27:09,700

referred to as more boasts galakras or

576

00:27:06,700 --> 00:27:12,940

the French disease we see that national

577

00:27:09,700 --> 00:27:16,570

scapegoating in times of pandemics has

578

00:27:12,940 --> 00:27:18,790

actually a long history with the joint

579

00:27:16,570 --> 00:27:21,640

developments of the outbreak of the

580

00:27:18,790 --> 00:27:24,580

epidemic and the discovery of the new

581

00:27:21,640 --> 00:27:27,760

world the question of the continent of

582

00:27:24,580 --> 00:27:30,370

connectivity between the öykü many of

583

00:27:27,760 --> 00:27:33,430

the old world and the new world was

584

00:27:30,370 --> 00:27:36,240

sharply on the rise track Astana had a

585

00:27:33,430 --> 00:27:40,210

unique way of approaching this question

586

00:27:36,240 --> 00:27:43,380

his pronounced interest in the changing

587

00:27:40,210 --> 00:27:46,260

nature of sea levels and the fluctuating

588

00:27:43,380 --> 00:27:48,700

elevation of the globe's surface

589

00:27:46,260 --> 00:27:52,180

constantly moved and transformed by

590

00:27:48,700 --> 00:27:55,420

tides and volcanic eruptions led him to

591

00:27:52,180 --> 00:28:00,970

think that land and water were subject

592

00:27:55,420 --> 00:28:03,340

to secular changes of elevation so that

593

00:28:00,970 --> 00:28:06,490

an area now dry and raised to

594

00:28:03,340 --> 00:28:09,340

mountainous heights may once have been

595

00:28:06,490 --> 00:28:11,830

submerged in his cosmic graphic homo

596

00:28:09,340 --> 00:28:15,280

Chandrika fracas Turin writes and I

597

00:28:11,830 --> 00:28:17,800

quote if the man considers how islands

598

00:28:15,280 --> 00:28:20,230

and mountains come into being he will

599

00:28:17,800 --> 00:28:23,020

recognize the time was when they were

600

00:28:20,230 --> 00:28:25,870

built out from the sea and that time

601

00:28:23,020 --> 00:28:29,080

will be when land now covered by the

602

00:28:25,870 --> 00:28:32,380

waves will be inhabited and tilled and

603

00:28:29,080 --> 00:28:36,570

yet again in future time will be again

604

00:28:32,380 --> 00:28:38,180

hidden by ocean and of raqqa stars

605

00:28:36,570 --> 00:28:40,970

geologic

606

00:28:38,180 --> 00:28:43,820

dovetails with Zelda roses description

607

00:28:40,970 --> 00:28:45,620

in a desert island of the oscillation

608

00:28:43,820 --> 00:28:48,470

between mountain and island and time

609

00:28:45,620 --> 00:28:49,070

there lose rights I quote the Ark of

610

00:28:48,470 --> 00:28:51,740

Noah

611

00:28:49,070 --> 00:28:54,770

sets down on the one place on earth that

612

00:28:51,740 --> 00:28:57,200

remains uncovered by water a circular

613

00:28:54,770 --> 00:28:59,930

and sacred place from which the world

614

00:28:57,200 --> 00:29:01,790

begins on you it is an island or a

615

00:28:59,930 --> 00:29:04,700

mountain or both at once

616

00:29:01,790 --> 00:29:08,060

the island is a mountain underwater and

617

00:29:04,700 --> 00:29:11,600

the mountain an island that is still dry

618

00:29:08,060 --> 00:29:14,300

and of called track Astana came to

619

00:29:11,600 --> 00:29:16,730

imagine that land masses are connected

620

00:29:14,300 --> 00:29:19,580

to one another will be not always in a

621

00:29:16,730 --> 00:29:21,890

visible way some connections occur above

622

00:29:19,580 --> 00:29:24,350

ground some underwater what might appear

623

00:29:21,890 --> 00:29:27,620

to the naked eye as too detached

624

00:29:24,350 --> 00:29:30,320

landmasses Rockefeller contents may

625

00:29:27,620 --> 00:29:33,260

likely be connected underwater and

626

00:29:30,320 --> 00:29:36,680

conversely may become visible above

627

00:29:33,260 --> 00:29:39,710

ground when sea levels changed according

628

00:29:36,680 --> 00:29:42,140

to fracas total continental continuity

629

00:29:39,710 --> 00:29:44,900

and discontinuity can only be

630

00:29:42,140 --> 00:29:49,030

comprehensively understood when looked

631

00:29:44,900 --> 00:29:52,360

at in a deep and diachronic way when the

632

00:29:49,030 --> 00:29:55,160

geological telluric time of continental

633

00:29:52,360 --> 00:29:57,800

transformation is included in the

634

00:29:55,160 --> 00:30:01,910

evaluation of the ever-shifting contours

635

00:29:57,800 --> 00:30:04,970

of land masses in fracas neurosyphilis

636

00:30:01,910 --> 00:30:07,970

poem the undulating movement of the sea

637

00:30:04,970 --> 00:30:10,550

which constantly transforms the surface

638

00:30:07,970 --> 00:30:14,510

of the globe is folded into the very

639

00:30:10,550 --> 00:30:17,810

texture of the poem the noun onda wave

640

00:30:14,510 --> 00:30:21,050

along with the advert or net where

641

00:30:17,810 --> 00:30:24,230

whence which relates as a homophone to

642

00:30:21,050 --> 00:30:26,390

the waves are carefully inscribed at the

643

00:30:24,230 --> 00:30:29,570

beginning middle and end of several

644

00:30:26,390 --> 00:30:31,670

verses closely grouped together the

645

00:30:29,570 --> 00:30:34,670

capstone of visualizes for us the

646

00:30:31,670 --> 00:30:38,180

movement of the waves inscribed and his

647

00:30:34,670 --> 00:30:41,480

lines and you see I won't read all the

648

00:30:38,180 --> 00:30:44,740

lines that you see here the word onda

649

00:30:41,480 --> 00:30:48,899

guey creating actually an undulating

650

00:30:44,740 --> 00:30:51,599

movement across the lines

651

00:30:48,899 --> 00:30:53,580

as seen in the attention John paid two

652

00:30:51,599 --> 00:30:56,279

images of undulation created through

653

00:30:53,580 --> 00:30:58,729

careful positioning of words rock estas

654

00:30:56,279 --> 00:31:01,559

poetic lines unlocked not only an entire

655

00:30:58,729 --> 00:31:05,039

theory of changing sea levels but also

656

00:31:01,559 --> 00:31:07,379

new avenues to think the plasticity of a

657

00:31:05,039 --> 00:31:10,700

words literal and metaphorical meaning

658

00:31:07,379 --> 00:31:13,529

and mana ferocity itself let me in Texas

659

00:31:10,700 --> 00:31:16,289

track estas poetic inscription of the

660

00:31:13,529 --> 00:31:18,599

movement of the waves affords readers an

661

00:31:16,289 --> 00:31:21,479

opportunity to see in his meditation

662

00:31:18,599 --> 00:31:23,429

upon waves a prime example of the

663

00:31:21,479 --> 00:31:26,969

fluidity of his cartographic thought

664

00:31:23,429 --> 00:31:29,989

when read synchronically in a particular

665

00:31:26,969 --> 00:31:33,539

moment in time Freck Estados expression

666

00:31:29,989 --> 00:31:36,450

plowing the ocean which appears early on

667

00:31:33,539 --> 00:31:39,299

in book 2 of syphilis serves as a

668

00:31:36,450 --> 00:31:42,119

metaphor for crossing a body of water

669

00:31:39,299 --> 00:31:45,599

however when read Daiya chronically

670

00:31:42,119 --> 00:31:48,839

across the extended period of secular

671

00:31:45,599 --> 00:31:51,929

changes of land and sea when the oceans

672

00:31:48,839 --> 00:31:55,349

low elevation exposes dry and arable

673

00:31:51,929 --> 00:31:58,559

land the expression plowing the ocean

674

00:31:55,349 --> 00:32:00,869

becomes literal raucous tones poetic

675

00:31:58,559 --> 00:32:04,190

cartography acknowledges the world's

676

00:32:00,869 --> 00:32:06,809

constant motion and transformation it

677

00:32:04,190 --> 00:32:09,899

incorporates both Geographic and

678

00:32:06,809 --> 00:32:12,839

temporal changes as it plots new poetic

679

00:32:09,899 --> 00:32:15,989

textures and carries on the hermeneutics

680

00:32:12,839 --> 00:32:20,399

of reading the intricacies of style and

681

00:32:15,989 --> 00:32:23,159

the limits of representation well it is

682

00:32:20,399 --> 00:32:26,749

time for me to end my presentation with

683

00:32:23,159 --> 00:32:30,210

a few concluding words what is Europe

684

00:32:26,749 --> 00:32:33,599

where are Europe's borders and what

685

00:32:30,210 --> 00:32:35,999

gives Europe a special status these

686

00:32:33,599 --> 00:32:38,519

questions may seem drawn from today's

687

00:32:35,999 --> 00:32:40,859

headlines but they were essential for

688

00:32:38,519 --> 00:32:43,710

the Renaissance humanists who formed the

689

00:32:40,859 --> 00:32:47,279

subject of my book the question about

690

00:32:43,710 --> 00:32:49,830

Europe's borders is as urgent now as it

691

00:32:47,279 --> 00:32:52,409

was in the early modern period when the

692

00:32:49,830 --> 00:32:55,519

idea of Europe as a continent was first

693

00:32:52,409 --> 00:32:58,679

emerging Europe's rise to an

694

00:32:55,519 --> 00:33:01,440

ideologically charged metaphor an idea

695

00:32:58,679 --> 00:33:02,190

that came to stand for a universal and

696

00:33:01,440 --> 00:33:04,740

secular

697

00:33:02,190 --> 00:33:07,559

vision of the human and for a modern

698

00:33:04,740 --> 00:33:11,009

world system has had both extraordinary

699

00:33:07,559 --> 00:33:15,059

and devastating consequences on a global

700

00:33:11,009 --> 00:33:18,389

scale during the early modern period far

701

00:33:15,059 --> 00:33:21,419

from consolidated the blurred messy and

702

00:33:18,389 --> 00:33:24,360

confusing contours of Europe were being

703

00:33:21,419 --> 00:33:27,649

only negotiated they demand to be

704

00:33:24,360 --> 00:33:31,320

disentangled in particular given our

705

00:33:27,649 --> 00:33:35,190

insufficient and often misleading use of

706

00:33:31,320 --> 00:33:37,740

the word Renaissance Europe my book

707

00:33:35,190 --> 00:33:40,009

traces the formation of Europe back from

708

00:33:37,740 --> 00:33:43,230

a metaphor an idea to what Roberto

709

00:33:40,009 --> 00:33:47,850

Esposito has recently called Europe's

710

00:33:43,230 --> 00:33:51,419

bare geographic given Newdow dental

711

00:33:47,850 --> 00:33:53,879

geographical my book thereby hopes to

712

00:33:51,419 --> 00:33:56,970

offer a corrective to our understanding

713

00:33:53,879 --> 00:34:00,059

of what we mean when we say Europe in

714

00:33:56,970 --> 00:34:08,339

the past but also with an eye to the

715

00:34:00,059 --> 00:34:12,389

present thank you thank you so much

716

00:34:08,339 --> 00:34:16,190

Catarina for that amazing introduction

717

00:34:12,389 --> 00:34:20,129

to the complexities of Renaissance

718

00:34:16,190 --> 00:34:22,859

geographical and philosophical thought

719

00:34:20,129 --> 00:34:26,819

we're going to open the chat room for

720

00:34:22,859 --> 00:34:29,520

questions so for the audience if you

721

00:34:26,819 --> 00:34:33,000

click on your chat function you will be

722

00:34:29,520 --> 00:34:34,500

able to offer questions the chat

723

00:34:33,000 --> 00:34:37,460

function at the bottom of your screen

724

00:34:34,500 --> 00:34:41,419

and zoom in' if you're not seeing it

725

00:34:37,460 --> 00:34:46,339

please submit your questions in writing

726

00:34:41,419 --> 00:34:50,849

to to everyone on the chat function

727

00:34:46,339 --> 00:34:56,359

Katrina I might start off maybe to ask

728

00:34:50,849 --> 00:35:00,200

you to talk a little bit more about the

729

00:34:56,359 --> 00:35:03,650

potentialities that you see in the

730

00:35:00,200 --> 00:35:07,290

messiness that you just described in the

731

00:35:03,650 --> 00:35:11,160

formation of the concept of Europe for

732

00:35:07,290 --> 00:35:15,540

shaking up some of the Fixit 'is that we

733

00:35:11,160 --> 00:35:17,310

have built over time in relationship to

734

00:35:15,540 --> 00:35:19,320

Europe's kind of dialectical

735

00:35:17,310 --> 00:35:20,910

self-definition with the rest of the

736

00:35:19,320 --> 00:35:25,430

world so I just wondered if you could

737

00:35:20,910 --> 00:35:29,310

say more about that interesting set of

738

00:35:25,430 --> 00:35:32,250

potentialities thank you you know I

739

00:35:29,310 --> 00:35:34,910

think this was in a way also the the

740

00:35:32,250 --> 00:35:38,150

starting point of my reflection where

741

00:35:34,910 --> 00:35:41,700

the entire book project really emerged

742

00:35:38,150 --> 00:35:45,540

the idea namely that we have this very

743

00:35:41,700 --> 00:35:49,860

rigid idea of what Europe is when we

744

00:35:45,540 --> 00:35:52,470

pitch it against or compare it with but

745

00:35:49,860 --> 00:35:54,750

it's mostly pitching against the the

746

00:35:52,470 --> 00:36:00,270

rest of Europe right so there is a kind

747

00:35:54,750 --> 00:36:04,440

of fluid world that is in transformation

748

00:36:00,270 --> 00:36:07,190

that has a lot of potential and there it

749

00:36:04,440 --> 00:36:11,100

is this kind of old originated world

750

00:36:07,190 --> 00:36:14,610

well the the rigid continent of Europe

751

00:36:11,100 --> 00:36:16,800

that brought a lot of very bad things

752

00:36:14,610 --> 00:36:21,080

upon the world which is of course also

753

00:36:16,800 --> 00:36:24,840

it's one of its legacies and I try to

754

00:36:21,080 --> 00:36:27,540

undo that and break that open really in

755

00:36:24,840 --> 00:36:30,090

my book and to show that if we look at

756

00:36:27,540 --> 00:36:32,610

Europe itself and this is why I brought

757

00:36:30,090 --> 00:36:35,310

out the the history of Europe in the

758

00:36:32,610 --> 00:36:38,160

second half of the of the 20th century I

759

00:36:35,310 --> 00:36:44,660

mean I refer ttan the Yugoslav wars

760

00:36:38,160 --> 00:36:48,720

Crimea Ireland we see how many how many

761

00:36:44,660 --> 00:36:50,460

things that are related to space to

762

00:36:48,720 --> 00:36:53,190

cartography and to geography

763

00:36:50,460 --> 00:36:56,880

actually you know still impact our

764

00:36:53,190 --> 00:37:00,090

thinking of what Europe is and now in

765

00:36:56,880 --> 00:37:01,680

particular I mean even before it Kotick

766

00:37:00,090 --> 00:37:05,250

but the question is really where are

767

00:37:01,680 --> 00:37:09,330

Europe's boundaries and how how how how

768

00:37:05,250 --> 00:37:11,430

do the northern countries respond to you

769

00:37:09,330 --> 00:37:13,470

know countries that are perhaps now more

770

00:37:11,430 --> 00:37:16,080

in need of Frank mentioned support in

771

00:37:13,470 --> 00:37:17,580

the south or on the the boundaries of

772

00:37:16,080 --> 00:37:19,710

Europe

773

00:37:17,580 --> 00:37:23,040

what are the power structures within

774

00:37:19,710 --> 00:37:26,030

Europe to undo that and to allow really

775

00:37:23,040 --> 00:37:28,349

some space to think about it that was

776

00:37:26,030 --> 00:37:33,029

what I had in mind

777

00:37:28,349 --> 00:37:36,470

and I I do not want to venture into into

778

00:37:33,029 --> 00:37:39,630

the world if because I don't want to

779

00:37:36,470 --> 00:37:43,440

investigate countries and cultures whose

780

00:37:39,630 --> 00:37:46,499

language I don't speak so I want to stay

781

00:37:43,440 --> 00:37:49,170

within the bounds of Europe and and to

782

00:37:46,499 --> 00:37:53,509

show the complexities as much as I can

783

00:37:49,170 --> 00:37:56,789

and precisely the the kind of you know

784

00:37:53,509 --> 00:38:01,019

blurred though it's blurred and I just

785

00:37:56,789 --> 00:38:07,079

see in very complex I guess thank you

786

00:38:01,019 --> 00:38:11,519

thank you very much do we do have a

787

00:38:07,079 --> 00:38:14,579

question from one of ours one of our

788

00:38:11,519 --> 00:38:15,900

audience members thank you so much for

789

00:38:14,579 --> 00:38:18,329

an extraordinary talk and an exciting

790

00:38:15,900 --> 00:38:20,039

book would you be interested in talking

791

00:38:18,329 --> 00:38:22,589

a little about the topographical

792

00:38:20,039 --> 00:38:26,940

registers of thinking about Europe for

793

00:38:22,589 --> 00:38:29,849

example the ways in which the ways

794

00:38:26,940 --> 00:38:32,670

rivers coastlines mountains and other

795

00:38:29,849 --> 00:38:34,859

features served to shape or deform

796

00:38:32,670 --> 00:38:38,099

narratives of continental boundaries

797

00:38:34,859 --> 00:38:40,140

what is the force of topography in world

798

00:38:38,099 --> 00:38:44,309

making thank you

799

00:38:40,140 --> 00:38:46,499

so actually Cong Rocksteady's is one of

800

00:38:44,309 --> 00:38:50,549

the few minutes we introduce the word

801

00:38:46,499 --> 00:38:53,759

topography into the the geographic

802

00:38:50,549 --> 00:38:58,819

nomenclature of the 16th century

803

00:38:53,759 --> 00:39:01,349

so the the the binary turn used before

804

00:38:58,819 --> 00:39:06,210

topography was reintroduced was the

805

00:39:01,349 --> 00:39:09,660

Ptolemaic cosmology versus choreography

806

00:39:06,210 --> 00:39:11,789

so the global description or the

807

00:39:09,660 --> 00:39:15,660

description of the world as opposed to

808

00:39:11,789 --> 00:39:18,229

the description of a region and they are

809

00:39:15,660 --> 00:39:22,279

methodologically very different and

810

00:39:18,229 --> 00:39:26,430

topography started being introduced as a

811

00:39:22,279 --> 00:39:28,890

third term really I think to break up

812

00:39:26,430 --> 00:39:31,349

that dichotomy in a time when

813

00:39:28,890 --> 00:39:35,130

continental thinking started to emerge

814

00:39:31,349 --> 00:39:37,890

so it's almost as if there was a need

815

00:39:35,130 --> 00:39:41,059

for a third term that became topography

816

00:39:37,890 --> 00:39:43,969

to to to

817

00:39:41,059 --> 00:39:46,189

think about an intermediate entity and

818

00:39:43,969 --> 00:39:51,549

an intermediate scale between the

819

00:39:46,189 --> 00:39:51,549

regional / local and the global and

820

00:39:51,939 --> 00:39:57,469

Hades is not really very sure about the

821

00:39:54,469 --> 00:40:01,400

use of this term he uses it very

822

00:39:57,469 --> 00:40:04,279

sparingly but it's a very end the term

823

00:40:01,400 --> 00:40:07,579

aid a very interesting a return into the

824

00:40:04,279 --> 00:40:09,469

nomenclature and it's it's I think a

825

00:40:07,579 --> 00:40:11,809

little bit you know disconnected in

826

00:40:09,469 --> 00:40:14,749

Renaissance Europe from the use of

827

00:40:11,809 --> 00:40:19,579

rivers really or natural boundaries but

828

00:40:14,749 --> 00:40:24,140

interestingly for for Ptolemy who became

829

00:40:19,579 --> 00:40:26,900

one of the central authorities on

830

00:40:24,140 --> 00:40:29,359

geography in the Renaissance period the

831

00:40:26,900 --> 00:40:33,769

boundary between Europe and Asia was the

832

00:40:29,359 --> 00:40:38,630

Don River or the timaeus River and and

833

00:40:33,769 --> 00:40:41,689

in a way that said this when he

834

00:40:38,630 --> 00:40:45,919

describes the confines of the boundaries

835

00:40:41,689 --> 00:40:48,619

of Germany he has Germany and in a very

836

00:40:45,919 --> 00:40:50,539

peculiar way with the dawn rivers so in

837

00:40:48,619 --> 00:40:53,209

a way there was a kind of very

838

00:40:50,539 --> 00:40:56,390

interesting transition between the

839

00:40:53,209 --> 00:40:59,329

description of a nation Germany and the

840

00:40:56,390 --> 00:41:02,779

description of Europe and the boundaries

841

00:40:59,329 --> 00:41:05,089

of Europe so it is an attempt also to

842

00:41:02,779 --> 00:41:08,919

enlarge Germany and to show that it's

843

00:41:05,089 --> 00:41:14,449

actually lighter than that then it might

844

00:41:08,919 --> 00:41:17,119

seem so again there the rivers are there

845

00:41:14,449 --> 00:41:20,499

but the rivers are normalized and so

846

00:41:17,119 --> 00:41:23,029

what happens after after the

847

00:41:20,499 --> 00:41:26,599

introduction of Ptolemy in Europe is

848

00:41:23,029 --> 00:41:30,409

that the the rivers which are of course

849

00:41:26,599 --> 00:41:32,929

not rectilinear are in the way aligned

850

00:41:30,409 --> 00:41:34,909

to fit the map and you see that on the

851

00:41:32,929 --> 00:41:37,609

rigid regional maps for instance of

852

00:41:34,909 --> 00:41:40,459

Germany but not only that rivers become

853

00:41:37,609 --> 00:41:45,019

straighter and straighter so there is an

854

00:41:40,459 --> 00:41:47,929

interesting attempt to think about

855

00:41:45,019 --> 00:41:50,359

natural boundaries already through the

856

00:41:47,929 --> 00:41:53,150

abstract boundaries when they were

857

00:41:50,359 --> 00:41:54,790

introduced by Ptolemy I don't know

858

00:41:53,150 --> 00:41:58,210

whether I responded

859

00:41:54,790 --> 00:41:58,210

question I hope

860

00:42:03,280 --> 00:42:11,620

Oh Lauren you are you're muted thank you

861

00:42:09,670 --> 00:42:14,230

sorry that's trying not to interfere

862

00:42:11,620 --> 00:42:18,730

when you're talking so again thank you

863

00:42:14,230 --> 00:42:20,560

for this very stimulating talk can you

864

00:42:18,730 --> 00:42:22,420

comment on the relationship if there is

865

00:42:20,560 --> 00:42:24,550

one between the making of Europe and

866

00:42:22,420 --> 00:42:32,230

emergency merging processes of

867

00:42:24,550 --> 00:42:35,140

racialization well yes so there is a

868

00:42:32,230 --> 00:42:38,380

wonderful wonderful article by ban

869

00:42:35,140 --> 00:42:42,130

drawed in Benjamin body on the sons of

870

00:42:38,380 --> 00:42:46,120

Noah and it appeared in the 1990s in the

871

00:42:42,130 --> 00:42:49,990

Journal of William and Mary

872

00:42:46,120 --> 00:42:55,780

I don't recall the year it's really a

873

00:42:49,990 --> 00:42:59,470

very it's a classical the classical very

874

00:42:55,780 --> 00:43:03,400

long article where bloody traces

875

00:42:59,470 --> 00:43:07,750

precisely the the idea of Noah's three

876

00:43:03,400 --> 00:43:10,740

sons and Sam ham and japheth and the

877

00:43:07,750 --> 00:43:16,090

idea of the emergence of racialization

878

00:43:10,740 --> 00:43:19,780

and I must say that what Brody found and

879

00:43:16,090 --> 00:43:22,960

I'm not a scholar of race but what I

880

00:43:19,780 --> 00:43:27,610

found very compelling what what Brody

881

00:43:22,960 --> 00:43:33,460

wrote that the idea of race really came

882

00:43:27,610 --> 00:43:37,810

only emerged really with with with the

883

00:43:33,460 --> 00:43:40,900

later early modernity 17th century and

884

00:43:37,810 --> 00:43:45,910

not really earlier there is an attempt

885

00:43:40,900 --> 00:43:48,550

at dividing up continents according to

886

00:43:45,910 --> 00:43:51,070

the three sons of Noah but they are

887

00:43:48,550 --> 00:43:54,640

still very blurred really throughout the

888

00:43:51,070 --> 00:43:59,890

Middle Ages so and of course they don't

889

00:43:54,640 --> 00:44:01,830

go back to the Bible but they they are

890

00:43:59,890 --> 00:44:04,740

still burglar than the Middle Ages and

891

00:44:01,830 --> 00:44:09,640

and again this is something that I

892

00:44:04,740 --> 00:44:13,180

haven't really engaged with in the

893

00:44:09,640 --> 00:44:14,920

context of continental boundary making

894

00:44:13,180 --> 00:44:16,480

in Europe it would be for a later

895

00:44:14,920 --> 00:44:20,650

century

896

00:44:16,480 --> 00:44:23,859

I'm so I I think for the century that I

897

00:44:20,650 --> 00:44:26,589

investigate in in in my and my book it's

898

00:44:23,859 --> 00:44:30,280

perhaps a little too early but it would

899

00:44:26,589 --> 00:44:32,950

be a very very interesting pathway to to

900

00:44:30,280 --> 00:44:35,320

to pursue definitely and I might be

901

00:44:32,950 --> 00:44:38,200

entirely long I mean it might it might

902

00:44:35,320 --> 00:44:40,240

already happen much earlier but but it's

903

00:44:38,200 --> 00:44:44,160

not something that that I investigated

904

00:44:40,240 --> 00:44:49,119

but I would definitely recommend the

905

00:44:44,160 --> 00:44:51,609

article by Ben doggie as a starter also

906

00:44:49,119 --> 00:44:54,670

thank you very much for that reference

907

00:44:51,609 --> 00:44:57,579

it sounds interesting as well another

908

00:44:54,670 --> 00:44:59,740

question Thank You Katrina for helping

909

00:44:57,579 --> 00:45:01,690

for helping to rebuild the borders of

910

00:44:59,740 --> 00:45:05,290

our academic world with this online

911

00:45:01,690 --> 00:45:08,740

presentation the idea of cartographic

912

00:45:05,290 --> 00:45:10,180

making is very interesting indeed helps

913

00:45:08,740 --> 00:45:13,599

helping us to think about the

914

00:45:10,180 --> 00:45:15,910

construction of communities could you

915

00:45:13,599 --> 00:45:19,980

say more about the diffusion and the

916

00:45:15,910 --> 00:45:23,619

circulation of these cartography which

917

00:45:19,980 --> 00:45:32,170

photography so so just Maps in general

918

00:45:23,619 --> 00:45:35,950

or okay I'll just say something so I'll

919

00:45:32,170 --> 00:45:38,619

say something that is perhaps less of a

920

00:45:35,950 --> 00:45:41,530

cliche namely Eastern Europe which is

921

00:45:38,619 --> 00:45:45,569

something that is usually less less

922

00:45:41,530 --> 00:45:49,450

study so the Renaissance humanists I I

923

00:45:45,569 --> 00:45:51,730

investigate much India Kavita who wrote

924

00:45:49,450 --> 00:45:55,720

this treatise on the two son Mattias

925

00:45:51,730 --> 00:46:00,550

he was the greatest math collector in

926

00:45:55,720 --> 00:46:04,300

Cracow at around 1500 and he collected

927

00:46:00,550 --> 00:46:06,369

maps by traveling to Italy and she was

928

00:46:04,300 --> 00:46:09,700

also besides being very well-connected

929

00:46:06,369 --> 00:46:11,920

he was the King's personal physician he

930

00:46:09,700 --> 00:46:17,200

was also very well-connected to the

931

00:46:11,920 --> 00:46:21,190

intellectual and scientific scene of his

932

00:46:17,200 --> 00:46:23,650

time among others Copernicus and it's

933

00:46:21,190 --> 00:46:26,589

and and what in a way what I'm trying to

934

00:46:23,650 --> 00:46:30,160

do in my book it's also to show that not

935

00:46:26,589 --> 00:46:33,069

everything happens in Italy and not

936

00:46:30,160 --> 00:46:35,260

everyone else is an epitome so there are

937

00:46:33,069 --> 00:46:38,559

very different things happening in

938

00:46:35,260 --> 00:46:41,920

different places at the same time and

939

00:46:38,559 --> 00:46:43,420

are influencing other people I mean

940

00:46:41,920 --> 00:46:44,859

let's think about the Copernican

941

00:46:43,420 --> 00:46:47,280

revolution yes

942

00:46:44,859 --> 00:46:53,020

so this is something that happens in

943

00:46:47,280 --> 00:46:55,839

Europe's east / north and of course the

944

00:46:53,020 --> 00:46:57,940

great figure of the Copernican

945

00:46:55,839 --> 00:46:59,920

revolution is 100 year later galileo

946

00:46:57,940 --> 00:47:02,650

galilei but there would be no galileo

947

00:46:59,920 --> 00:47:04,390

galilei without Copernicus and in a way

948

00:47:02,650 --> 00:47:06,609

this is what I mean when the iron with

949

00:47:04,390 --> 00:47:09,839

aaron kirk is somehow still present in

950

00:47:06,609 --> 00:47:13,109

our minds a lot of things be they

951

00:47:09,839 --> 00:47:15,520

astronomical or or mathematical or

952

00:47:13,109 --> 00:47:17,950

cartographic are happening also in

953

00:47:15,520 --> 00:47:18,640

Eastern Europe most circulating very

954

00:47:17,950 --> 00:47:23,740

widely

955

00:47:18,640 --> 00:47:27,670

so my rep my polish humanist macchina

956

00:47:23,740 --> 00:47:33,400

Kavita had already a copy of Copernicus

957

00:47:27,670 --> 00:47:37,180

s comment our yellows in 1514 so there

958

00:47:33,400 --> 00:47:39,880

is an entire world to incorporate I

959

00:47:37,180 --> 00:47:43,029

think into our understanding of the

960

00:47:39,880 --> 00:47:47,289

Renaissance world and of the circulation

961

00:47:43,029 --> 00:47:50,920

of ideas so it's not just a few maps or

962

00:47:47,289 --> 00:47:54,099

a few big names traveling and being read

963

00:47:50,920 --> 00:47:57,250

but what I really try to do is to open

964

00:47:54,099 --> 00:47:59,020

up Europe too to other places as well

965

00:47:57,250 --> 00:48:01,599

and of course I'm not an astronomer I

966

00:47:59,020 --> 00:48:04,869

could never thought Copernicus really

967

00:48:01,599 --> 00:48:06,880

but I hope to connect some of the the

968

00:48:04,869 --> 00:48:09,910

less studied parts of the world of

969

00:48:06,880 --> 00:48:12,700

Europe and incorporate them into a

970

00:48:09,910 --> 00:48:15,279

larger discussion of the Renaissance so

971

00:48:12,700 --> 00:48:18,279

this is of course only the beginning but

972

00:48:15,279 --> 00:48:21,039

I again I don't know whether I answered

973

00:48:18,279 --> 00:48:25,260

the question but I'd like to just offer

974

00:48:21,039 --> 00:48:28,510

one one idea great thank you so much

975

00:48:25,260 --> 00:48:30,150

another question I was particularly

976

00:48:28,510 --> 00:48:32,890

interested in the relations between

977

00:48:30,150 --> 00:48:35,230

cartography and metrics could you

978

00:48:32,890 --> 00:48:38,910

perhaps explain a bit further why these

979

00:48:35,230 --> 00:48:43,390

uses of metrics in salties fraca Stroh

980

00:48:38,910 --> 00:48:44,020

Castoro and elsewhere are more mimetic

981

00:48:43,390 --> 00:48:48,540

alee

982

00:48:44,020 --> 00:48:48,540

to graphical then say merely spatial

983

00:48:49,359 --> 00:48:57,140

that's a very good question they are

984

00:48:52,519 --> 00:49:00,589

cartographic if we think of boundaries

985

00:48:57,140 --> 00:49:04,309

and borders as something that pertains

986

00:49:00,589 --> 00:49:12,109

both to space and cartography so I would

987

00:49:04,309 --> 00:49:14,539

think that if Safety's uses spawn ds2 so

988

00:49:12,109 --> 00:49:21,200

uses two different meters to represent a

989

00:49:14,539 --> 00:49:26,119

river and uses dactyls to represent the

990

00:49:21,200 --> 00:49:30,769

rivers rapid flow for instance that is

991

00:49:26,119 --> 00:49:32,660

perhaps a spatial Geographic idea and so

992

00:49:30,769 --> 00:49:36,619

we could break that down that way I'm

993

00:49:32,660 --> 00:49:39,470

just you know brainstorming right now

994

00:49:36,619 --> 00:49:42,589

and in the second case when the river

995

00:49:39,470 --> 00:49:46,400

takes on the shape of the meter or

996

00:49:42,589 --> 00:49:51,920

rather with the river takes on the shape

997

00:49:46,400 --> 00:49:55,069

of a boundary then it takes on truly a

998

00:49:51,920 --> 00:49:58,640

cartographic a cartographic function in

999

00:49:55,069 --> 00:50:02,299

that it represents a straight line just

1000

00:49:58,640 --> 00:50:04,759

like on a on the Ptolemaic map and of

1001

00:50:02,299 --> 00:50:08,119

course it's very interesting to see also

1002

00:50:04,759 --> 00:50:12,289

how you know the the meter and and

1003

00:50:08,119 --> 00:50:16,339

poetics work with or against also the

1004

00:50:12,289 --> 00:50:19,880

text itself the content of the pipes

1005

00:50:16,339 --> 00:50:23,029

because then on the one hand the meter

1006

00:50:19,880 --> 00:50:27,079

it's of draws those boundaries but then

1007

00:50:23,029 --> 00:50:29,869

what that is does in the poem is to

1008

00:50:27,079 --> 00:50:32,119

actually undo those rigid boundaries as

1009

00:50:29,869 --> 00:50:35,420

I mentioned before and to show that

1010

00:50:32,119 --> 00:50:39,799

Germany actually extends way beyond

1011

00:50:35,420 --> 00:50:42,589

those boundaries so there is a very

1012

00:50:39,799 --> 00:50:45,680

interesting tension between form and

1013

00:50:42,589 --> 00:50:47,720

content and not only between farming

1014

00:50:45,680 --> 00:50:52,279

country but also between form content

1015

00:50:47,720 --> 00:50:54,920

and the the wood cuts themselves and the

1016

00:50:52,279 --> 00:50:58,029

wood cuts themselves are also very

1017

00:50:54,920 --> 00:51:02,329

interesting because you can actually see

1018

00:50:58,029 --> 00:51:02,930

that they on the one hand show a sort of

1019

00:51:02,329 --> 00:51:08,020

bound

1020

00:51:02,930 --> 00:51:12,319

um where you think you see the the

1021

00:51:08,020 --> 00:51:15,650

horizon of the of the northern boundary

1022

00:51:12,319 --> 00:51:18,710

of Germany but if you look very closely

1023

00:51:15,650 --> 00:51:21,349

you actually see that it's the horizon

1024

00:51:18,710 --> 00:51:23,990

beyond the Baltic Sea and that Germany

1025

00:51:21,349 --> 00:51:26,089

itself only takes up a third of the

1026

00:51:23,990 --> 00:51:30,559

woodcut and the rest was the Baltic Sea

1027

00:51:26,089 --> 00:51:33,380

so it said it's blurs land and water

1028

00:51:30,559 --> 00:51:34,940

already also on the woodcut he tricks

1029

00:51:33,380 --> 00:51:38,420

his readers thinking that actually

1030

00:51:34,940 --> 00:51:40,819

German extends far into the horizon far

1031

00:51:38,420 --> 00:51:45,589

further than it actually does so it's

1032

00:51:40,819 --> 00:51:47,630

pretty it's pretty amazing so so there

1033

00:51:45,589 --> 00:51:52,849

is also through the addition of those

1034

00:51:47,630 --> 00:51:55,720

wood cuts an attempt to to to be more

1035

00:51:52,849 --> 00:51:59,960

cartographic and I should also add that

1036

00:51:55,720 --> 00:52:03,290

Italian poets didn't really use this

1037

00:51:59,960 --> 00:52:06,309

visual material so this is really

1038

00:52:03,290 --> 00:52:09,650

something that is very typical of of

1039

00:52:06,309 --> 00:52:13,280

sandee's he's really pioneered in adding

1040

00:52:09,650 --> 00:52:19,609

in adding a visual material to his to

1041

00:52:13,280 --> 00:52:21,530

his allergies so that to makes it much

1042

00:52:19,609 --> 00:52:24,770

more cartographic than your spatial

1043

00:52:21,530 --> 00:52:26,510

economy we have three more excellent

1044

00:52:24,770 --> 00:52:29,270

questions so I think I'm gonna stack

1045

00:52:26,510 --> 00:52:32,180

them since we're getting close to the

1046

00:52:29,270 --> 00:52:34,160

end of our allotted time I can be faster

1047

00:52:32,180 --> 00:52:36,940

in my reply that's ooh that's great but

1048

00:52:34,160 --> 00:52:40,730

they're so interesting you might have to

1049

00:52:36,940 --> 00:52:44,660

take a minute more okay the first one is

1050

00:52:40,730 --> 00:52:46,099

I was particularly interested in the

1051

00:52:44,660 --> 00:52:47,240

relation oh no sorry that's what I just

1052

00:52:46,099 --> 00:52:49,520

read sorry

1053

00:52:47,240 --> 00:52:51,559

the idea that Eastern and Western Europe

1054

00:52:49,520 --> 00:52:52,490

are understood to mirror each other is

1055

00:52:51,559 --> 00:52:54,770

intriguing

1056

00:52:52,490 --> 00:52:56,930

I wonder how authors and cartographers

1057

00:52:54,770 --> 00:52:59,829

handed that handled the presence of the

1058

00:52:56,930 --> 00:53:02,410

Ottoman Empire in southeastern Europe

1059

00:52:59,829 --> 00:53:05,240

that's the first one

1060

00:53:02,410 --> 00:53:07,430

second question could you elaborate

1061

00:53:05,240 --> 00:53:09,680

further on your decision to employ the

1062

00:53:07,430 --> 00:53:11,510

term humanism for the book's title and

1063

00:53:09,680 --> 00:53:14,089

guide us through the implications of

1064

00:53:11,510 --> 00:53:17,560

that choice across the books constituent

1065

00:53:14,089 --> 00:53:20,750

and nationally distinctive chapters

1066

00:53:17,560 --> 00:53:22,550

mmm-hmm and then finally I have

1067

00:53:20,750 --> 00:53:26,270

benefited a lot from the book in my

1068

00:53:22,550 --> 00:53:28,750

study of Lucy and domani see on how

1069

00:53:26,270 --> 00:53:30,410

continental thinking dominates

1070

00:53:28,750 --> 00:53:33,140

paleoanthropology coal knowledge

1071

00:53:30,410 --> 00:53:35,810

production where scientific discourse on

1072

00:53:33,140 --> 00:53:38,090

human evolution is blended with spatial

1073

00:53:35,810 --> 00:53:41,240

ideological categories of continental

1074

00:53:38,090 --> 00:53:44,090

land masses here Africa Europe Asia

1075

00:53:41,240 --> 00:53:46,940

Eurasia and national territory here

1076

00:53:44,090 --> 00:53:49,910

Ethiopia and Georgia are their works on

1077

00:53:46,940 --> 00:53:52,540

Africa that are somehow similar to your

1078

00:53:49,910 --> 00:53:52,540

approach

1079

00:53:52,720 --> 00:54:01,330

okay thank you um so Ottoman Empire I'm

1080

00:53:57,440 --> 00:54:03,890

not you know I wrote a little bit about

1081

00:54:01,330 --> 00:54:06,530

the presence and the importance of the

1082

00:54:03,890 --> 00:54:11,330

Ottoman Empire in my Portuguese chapter

1083

00:54:06,530 --> 00:54:16,970

but really the thus the scholar who were

1084

00:54:11,330 --> 00:54:19,970

works on early modern the Mediterranean

1085

00:54:16,970 --> 00:54:20,630

and also Indian oceans faces Giancarlo

1086

00:54:19,970 --> 00:54:23,120

Quezada

1087

00:54:20,630 --> 00:54:26,150

who wrote an excellent book on the

1088

00:54:23,120 --> 00:54:28,970

presence of the Ottomans and also the

1089

00:54:26,150 --> 00:54:33,320

interaction of of Christians and

1090

00:54:28,970 --> 00:54:36,050

Ottomans and I must say that I haven't I

1091

00:54:33,320 --> 00:54:40,520

haven't really worked on South East

1092

00:54:36,050 --> 00:54:43,940

Europe however my colleague even

1093

00:54:40,520 --> 00:54:48,050

Lubitsch has just is working now on a

1094

00:54:43,940 --> 00:54:50,300

book titled the illyrian Renaissance so

1095

00:54:48,050 --> 00:54:53,390

it's really about the Renaissance and

1096

00:54:50,300 --> 00:54:58,400

the co-presence of of different cultures

1097

00:54:53,390 --> 00:55:01,370

and religions in self in the Balkans in

1098

00:54:58,400 --> 00:55:06,020

South East Europe in particular Croatia

1099

00:55:01,370 --> 00:55:09,940

and illyrian Renaissance and I think

1100

00:55:06,020 --> 00:55:13,220

that might be one one one or two really

1101

00:55:09,940 --> 00:55:16,580

pathways to look at it's not something

1102

00:55:13,220 --> 00:55:19,250

that I have been working on although

1103

00:55:16,580 --> 00:55:22,190

it's it's because I can't read those the

1104

00:55:19,250 --> 00:55:26,000

sources and and Ottoman Turkish I'm you

1105

00:55:22,190 --> 00:55:29,180

know it's unfortunately maybe in the

1106

00:55:26,000 --> 00:55:33,620

next project but the the question about

1107

00:55:29,180 --> 00:55:38,780

humanism well I think that the same way

1108

00:55:33,620 --> 00:55:41,840

I wanted to direct the word Renaissance

1109

00:55:38,780 --> 00:55:44,780

Europe I also wanted to redirect the

1110

00:55:41,840 --> 00:55:47,080

word humanism and as I mentioned if you

1111

00:55:44,780 --> 00:55:51,980

open the book on Renaissance humanism

1112

00:55:47,080 --> 00:55:55,700

space is not really an issue the the

1113

00:55:51,980 --> 00:55:59,720

questions addressed are you know

1114

00:55:55,700 --> 00:56:03,290

phonological linguistic religious and I

1115

00:55:59,720 --> 00:56:05,720

think that space needs to to feature

1116

00:56:03,290 --> 00:56:09,800

much more I

1117

00:56:05,720 --> 00:56:13,940

much more I don't mean to say dominant

1118

00:56:09,800 --> 00:56:18,349

but in a much more forceful way in in in

1119

00:56:13,940 --> 00:56:20,690

in humanist scholarship because because

1120

00:56:18,349 --> 00:56:23,359

we tend to forget how important it was

1121

00:56:20,690 --> 00:56:24,890

so so this is unfortunately we're

1122

00:56:23,359 --> 00:56:27,470

running out of time but this is

1123

00:56:24,890 --> 00:56:31,640

something that that was really one one

1124

00:56:27,470 --> 00:56:35,290

of my major major concerns and Africa

1125

00:56:31,640 --> 00:56:38,810

I think Alfred Hyatt know the book on

1126

00:56:35,290 --> 00:56:44,030

Africa if I'm not mistaken I would

1127

00:56:38,810 --> 00:56:46,730

redirect the person on - to - to Alfred

1128

00:56:44,030 --> 00:56:52,270

Hyatts book and not be happy - and also

1129

00:56:46,730 --> 00:56:54,260

a bibliographical reference to that

1130

00:56:52,270 --> 00:56:57,590

thank you so much

1131

00:56:54,260 --> 00:57:01,490

I want to thank you Katrina for such an

1132

00:56:57,590 --> 00:57:05,390

excellent presentation and the audience

1133

00:57:01,490 --> 00:57:07,820

for their wonderful questions and I hope

1134

00:57:05,390 --> 00:57:10,190

to invite you back in the future to talk

1135

00:57:07,820 --> 00:57:11,180

about your new projects as well but

1136

00:57:10,190 --> 00:57:14,390

thank you for today

1137

00:57:11,180 --> 00:57:16,400

and thank you all for joining us and

1138

00:57:14,390 --> 00:57:17,510

hope to see you back at the center

1139

00:57:16,400 --> 00:57:22,089

another time

1140

00:57:17,510 --> 00:57:22,089

Thank You Katrina thank you very much


Duration: 57:23

UCLA_cers_audio-qj-eyh.mp3

Sponsor(s): Center for European and Russian Studies, French and Francophone Studies