Cost : Free and open to the public. RSVP is required at above link.
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my name is Laurie Hart I'm professor of
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anthropology and global studies and the
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director of the Center for European and
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Russian studies here I want to welcome
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you all to our first zoom talk for the
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Center for for this spring 2020 so
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wonderful that many of you so many of
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you could join us and as many others
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have observed this spring I'm sure
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you've heard this before although we're
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deprived of the joys of in-person
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contact we're able to expand extend our
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offerings to others who wouldn't
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otherwise be able to attend so welcome
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to our far-flung and attendees and
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please be sure that you're welcome to
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join us for other events as we go
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forward I'm absolutely thrilled that we
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have Katerina Fiats key joining us today
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is our opening talk I wanted to let you
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know that on Thursday May 28th at 2 p.m.
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we'll have our second lecture for the
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spring my two Zubr a hockey giving a
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talk called talking trash the cultural
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uses of waste so you can follow the
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Center on Facebook or also join our
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email list through Facebook or the
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Center website for future events ok I
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want to mention a couple of logistical
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matters before we start this being zoom
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we are recording this meeting if it's
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really nice to see your faces but if you
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don't want to be seen in the recording
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you are free to mute your video in any
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case please do keep your audio muted at
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the end of the lecture we will take
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questions and we're going to use the
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chat function to do that I will mention
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this again at the end most of you are
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probably familiar with it but that way
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we can efficiently use our time to ask a
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few questions of Katrina at the end
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so without the be introduced Katrina
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briefly she is associate professor in
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the department of comparative literature
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at Harvard University where she joined
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the faculty in 2013 after completing her
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PhD in comparative literature at NYU and
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addy fill in the romance Studies
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department at Vienna University her
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teaching and research focus as you'll
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hear today is on cartography as well as
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translation studies gender studies opera
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and theatre as well as theories of world
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cinema working in 10 linguistic
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traditions pretty impressive her
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research and teaching is extraordinarily
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interdisciplinary in nature both
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centering on canonical texts and as well
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untranslated and less study authors so
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her book about which she will be talking
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today a recent book cartographic
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humanism the making of early modern
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Europe was published with the University
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of Chicago Press in 2019 and I'm not
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going to say anything further about that
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right now because Katrina will be
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speaking about it but let me just
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briefly mention that she has two other
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current book projects in the works
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one Hercules procreative poetics and the
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rise of the Opera libretto on the
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poetics of the libretto and the figure
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of Hercules is under under current work
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and it is an investigation among other
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things of gender politics performance
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practices medical discourses and the
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rise of absolutism pretty compelling
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project she also is co-editing a current
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volume called the future of geography
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which addresses a set of urgent
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questions about the future of geography
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as geography departments are
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disappearing from several universities
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across the u.s. while they are emerging
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and thriving and others so a
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consideration of that new landscape
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Katarina has had numerous fellowships
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and grants
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I'll just mention a couple of them the
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inaugural fellowship at the newly
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founded Europe Center at the University
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of Constance in Germany a distinguished
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junior external fellow at the Stanford
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Humanities Center John F Cogan junior
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faculty lead fellowship from harvest
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Davis Center and on and on she's also
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widely published journal articles and
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book chapters that I won't mention now
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just
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sake of time and so with that let me
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welcome katryna katulski
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to talk to us about her new book Katrina
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thank you thank you so much Laurie for
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this very generous introduction
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can you all hear me all right yes okay
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and for having me really it's an
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enormous pleasure to be here with you
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today and to speak about my book
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cartographic humanism been looking of
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early modern Europe before I start I
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would like to thank la mulana the former
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director of staff for inviting me to
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talk about my book even before it was
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out I would also like to thank Janna
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Gracia and Samuel Oschin for making this
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event possible we're meeting under very
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different circumstances than initially
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imagined not in person but within the
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framework of remote communication which
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required an entirely different planning
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so thank you very much for making this
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virtual meeting possible while I'm
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breaching one of the major principles of
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Aristotelian rhetoric namely new by
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audience I am grateful to be speaking
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over soon which allows me nevertheless
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to bring many scholars colleagues and
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friends together in really previously
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unimaginable ways thank you very much to
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all of you for being here today I'm
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delighted to share with you some of my
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main ideas that I have been developing
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and thinking about for more or less 10
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years that have taken the shape of a
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monograph cartographic humanism
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before delving deeper into the questions
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and topics addressed in the book which I
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can only briefly allude to and a hope
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that we will have a chance to perhaps
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deepen some of them in the Q&A let me
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briefly tell you where I'm coming from
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and how the idea to write this book
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first originated I'm two strands of
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thinking have really driven my research
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and they are afraid reflected in the
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dual title of my book the definition of
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early modern Europe on the one hand and
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cartographic humanism on the other now I
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will retreat into a corner and start my
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slideshow so bear with me as I will hope
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to share with you my slides can you see
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them
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do you see the slides yes yes we used to
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them okay thank you so as to the first
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pathway as an early modernist I have
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always been struck by the fact that
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scholars of the Renaissance tend to
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entertain a relatively narrow
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understanding of Renaissance Europe
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often reducing it to a few Western
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European countries I myself am Central
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and Eastern European although I have
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studied Romance languages Italian French
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and to some extent Portuguese I was born
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in Poland and migrated with my family at
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an early age via Norway to Austria where
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we were at first political refugees
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those who grew up in or visited Europe
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before the fall of the Berlin Wall we'll
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remember Europe's internal political and
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cultural divisions protracted by the
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presence of the Iron Curtain I do
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believe that the memory of this time
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still informs to some extent scholarship
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on the early modern period today but
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also more recently vents such as the
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Yugoslav wars of the 1990s or Russia's
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annexation of Crimea in 2014 show that
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Europe is not a monolith and that when
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we say Europe we often have an idea
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about the continent that tends to smooth
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out the wrinkles of history provincial
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eyes in Europe as deepest Chakrabarti
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has long called for demands I believe
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are returned to the question of what
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early modern Europe actually means and
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meant in the past what do we actually
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have in mind when we say the word Europe
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thinking about Europe requires a
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critical intervention in the manifold
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processes which propelled Europe's rise
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as a continent and an idea I argue in my
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book that these processes started in the
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course of the 15th and 16th centuries
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and this leads me to my second pathway
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that prompted me to write cartographic
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humanism the hypothesis underlying my
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bloc enhanced the title is that the new
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imagining of Europe is an increasingly
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hegemonic and sovereign continent was
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driven by the rise of a novel humanistic
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discipline cartography Renaissance
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humanism is commonly thought of it's a
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revival of ancient languages and a
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renewed interest and disciplines such as
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philology in the theory and practice of
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translation relatively little attention
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within the study of humanism it's
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commonly given to questions pertaining
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to space although I need to correct
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myself instantly and acknowledge the
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pioneering work that many scholars of
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literature have undertaken over the past
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two decades some even longer in their
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study of the role of space geography and
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cartography in early modern literature I
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went I want to mention in particular
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from play song wrong Tom Connelly chat
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catchy
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Walter Manolo Ricardo padrone and Jeff
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Peters my work has also been informed by
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more recent studies I'm thinking among
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others of Simone Bennett Ayesha
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Ramachandran Philip uh sure
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yagh Doudna row vector model simi and
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Yakutia each one tends to forget that
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humanists were spatial fingers for
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instance Patrick's first fella logical
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endeavors were annotations to pomponius
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Mela
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Geographic work Patrick found a copy of
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MELAS Decker agraphia
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also known as dead sea to orbit's the
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oldest extant Latin treatise on
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geography from the first century Common
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Era which became together with Ptolemy
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second century II Common Era geography
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one of the most popular and widely
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consulted words of ancient geography in
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the Renaissance period Petrarch instead
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catchy has long shown was immensely
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interested in geography it was a spatial
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thinker who wrote among others a
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fictitious travel narrative to the Holy
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Land which showcases tetrax profound
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familiarity with the different
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cartographic traditions of his time but
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also patrick sonnets in the console era
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are deeply informed by his remarkable
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geographic knowledge quite frequently it
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is an acid upto mean II Pope Pius
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second who is considered to be the first
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humanist to have coined in the middle of
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the 15th century the Latin it adjective
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and repels the argument often advanced
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in this context is that the adjective
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invented furthermore by a pope emerged
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in tandem with the idea of a Christian
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Europe and with the adjective and that
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the adjective European is somehow
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coextensive with Christianity without
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denying the importance of religion for
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the formation of Europe as a continent I
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shift the focus to geography and
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cartography which I believe offers a
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very complex and heretofore neglected
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lens upon the emergence of Europe it was
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actually the geographer Boccaccio and
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this is the title of a volume edited by
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Roberta morosini who one century prior
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to Piccolomini was the first to advance
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in his vernacular commentary on Dante's
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Divine Comedy the adjective of neologism
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a la pickle as I disentangle the pair
276
00:12:36,140 --> 00:12:41,810
Europe and Christianity I argue that
277
00:12:39,140 --> 00:12:44,990
continental thinking was crystallized in
278
00:12:41,810 --> 00:12:47,480
tandem with an unprecedented spatial and
279
00:12:44,990 --> 00:12:49,850
cartographic thinking triggered at the
280
00:12:47,480 --> 00:12:51,949
beginning of the 15th century by the
281
00:12:49,850 --> 00:12:54,829
first major reception in Italy and
282
00:12:51,949 --> 00:12:57,470
across Europe of Ptolemies geography
283
00:12:54,829 --> 00:13:02,390
which became a crucial source for early
284
00:12:57,470 --> 00:13:04,670
modern cartographers Ptolemy became so
285
00:13:02,390 --> 00:13:07,360
influential because among others the
286
00:13:04,670 --> 00:13:10,850
geography was the first work to use
287
00:13:07,360 --> 00:13:13,069
longitudinal and latitudinal lines the
288
00:13:10,850 --> 00:13:15,260
coordinate system allowed Ptolemy to
289
00:13:13,069 --> 00:13:18,649
locate each place with the help of the
290
00:13:15,260 --> 00:13:21,110
longitude and latitude the visualization
291
00:13:18,649 --> 00:13:23,029
of the territory of the grid became in
292
00:13:21,110 --> 00:13:25,670
turn the very basis to conceive of
293
00:13:23,029 --> 00:13:29,050
territorial boundaries not as natural
294
00:13:25,670 --> 00:13:31,810
borders but as straight arbitrary lines
295
00:13:29,050 --> 00:13:34,880
grounded in the alleged objectivity of
296
00:13:31,810 --> 00:13:37,640
abstract mathematics the great
297
00:13:34,880 --> 00:13:39,889
disadvantage of straight arbitrary lines
298
00:13:37,640 --> 00:13:42,170
is that they are entirely detached
299
00:13:39,889 --> 00:13:45,230
from the actual physical territory and
300
00:13:42,170 --> 00:13:48,139
the people inhabiting it the Treaty of
301
00:13:45,230 --> 00:13:51,739
Tordesillas signed between Portugal and
302
00:13:48,139 --> 00:13:53,929
staying in 1494 was the first instance
303
00:13:51,739 --> 00:13:57,049
to explicitly referred to these straight
304
00:13:53,929 --> 00:13:59,540
lines called enas or my ass in the
305
00:13:57,049 --> 00:14:02,059
Spanish original in an attempt at
306
00:13:59,540 --> 00:14:04,189
dividing up the Atlantic Ocean into a
307
00:14:02,059 --> 00:14:07,609
Spanish and a portuguese sphere of
308
00:14:04,189 --> 00:14:09,980
influence the text of the treaty clearly
309
00:14:07,609 --> 00:14:13,189
states that the line should be drawn
310
00:14:09,980 --> 00:14:16,189
without taking into account any land
311
00:14:13,189 --> 00:14:19,160
mass it would encounter in other words
312
00:14:16,189 --> 00:14:21,739
it's not the physical territory and the
313
00:14:19,160 --> 00:14:23,689
people inhabiting it that shapes the
314
00:14:21,739 --> 00:14:26,569
border line but it's the other way
315
00:14:23,689 --> 00:14:29,509
around from the late 15th century on
316
00:14:26,569 --> 00:14:32,269
it's the arbitrary border line cast on a
317
00:14:29,509 --> 00:14:34,449
map that decides upon the formation of
318
00:14:32,269 --> 00:14:38,449
communities and territorial boundaries
319
00:14:34,449 --> 00:14:41,689
the cantina met from 1502 is one of the
320
00:14:38,449 --> 00:14:45,379
first maps featuring the Luna from the
321
00:14:41,689 --> 00:14:48,739
Treaty of Tordesillas to the Berlin
322
00:14:45,379 --> 00:14:51,319
Congo Conference which in 1884 85
323
00:14:48,739 --> 00:14:53,589
divided up the African continent by
324
00:14:51,319 --> 00:14:56,029
following the logic of the straight-line
325
00:14:53,589 --> 00:14:58,459
cartography has propelled the arbitrary
326
00:14:56,029 --> 00:15:01,669
division of land masses and with it of
327
00:14:58,459 --> 00:15:03,499
its inhabitants our own 21st century
328
00:15:01,669 --> 00:15:05,839
methods of representing space and
329
00:15:03,499 --> 00:15:08,439
magining borders can actually be traced
330
00:15:05,839 --> 00:15:11,179
back to those very cartographic models
331
00:15:08,439 --> 00:15:12,559
elaborated in the course of the 15th and
332
00:15:11,179 --> 00:15:15,169
16th centuries
333
00:15:12,559 --> 00:15:18,579
of which Ptolemies coordinate system is
334
00:15:15,169 --> 00:15:18,579
an important one
335
00:15:19,720 --> 00:15:25,060
my book adopts the broad comparative
336
00:15:22,519 --> 00:15:27,350
lens that brings together literature
337
00:15:25,060 --> 00:15:30,649
cartography and spatial thinking from
338
00:15:27,350 --> 00:15:32,899
Europe's east and west as you can see
339
00:15:30,649 --> 00:15:36,730
from my table of content I engage with
340
00:15:32,899 --> 00:15:39,829
Germany Poland France Italy and Portugal
341
00:15:36,730 --> 00:15:42,649
the choice of these particular countries
342
00:15:39,829 --> 00:15:45,889
might see in arbitrary and of course
343
00:15:42,649 --> 00:15:48,050
sales but there is also a historical and
344
00:15:45,889 --> 00:15:51,529
geographic rationale for my particular
345
00:15:48,050 --> 00:15:53,810
choice in fact since antiquity Europe
346
00:15:51,529 --> 00:15:56,060
was conceived in symmetrical terms
347
00:15:53,810 --> 00:15:58,579
whereby the west and the east were
348
00:15:56,060 --> 00:16:02,510
specular they were imagined as mirror
349
00:15:58,579 --> 00:16:04,970
images as did the anonymous author of
350
00:16:02,510 --> 00:16:08,269
this 11th century Egyptian book of
351
00:16:04,970 --> 00:16:11,240
curiosities the imagining the enclosed
352
00:16:08,269 --> 00:16:13,550
Mediterranean Sea symmetrically as an
353
00:16:11,240 --> 00:16:16,310
ellipse in which not only Europe and
354
00:16:13,550 --> 00:16:17,899
Africa but also Europe's East and West
355
00:16:16,310 --> 00:16:20,720
mirror one another
356
00:16:17,899 --> 00:16:22,940
the ancient geographers frequent use of
357
00:16:20,720 --> 00:16:25,010
identical toponyms
358
00:16:22,940 --> 00:16:27,800
for Europe's western and eastern border
359
00:16:25,010 --> 00:16:30,769
regions and cities further enhanced the
360
00:16:27,800 --> 00:16:33,740
continents imagined symmetry in the work
361
00:16:30,769 --> 00:16:36,620
of strable Ptolemy Plutarch and Clini
362
00:16:33,740 --> 00:16:39,680
the elder the top one in Iberia or he
363
00:16:36,620 --> 00:16:42,560
Baria for instance referred at once to
364
00:16:39,680 --> 00:16:44,630
the Iberian Peninsula as well as to the
365
00:16:42,560 --> 00:16:47,540
region on the Caucasus we now know as
366
00:16:44,630 --> 00:16:50,630
Georgia we can see it here on Sebastian
367
00:16:47,540 --> 00:16:54,529
Bustos map of the Caucasus the reference
368
00:16:50,630 --> 00:16:57,380
to a period parts east of Kalki's but we
369
00:16:54,529 --> 00:17:01,880
also see here on this map north of
370
00:16:57,380 --> 00:17:04,160
Iberia Alexander's columns yet another
371
00:17:01,880 --> 00:17:06,020
attempt by ancient geographers and early
372
00:17:04,160 --> 00:17:08,870
modern cartographers to delineate
373
00:17:06,020 --> 00:17:12,169
Europe's eastern boundaries in symmetry
374
00:17:08,870 --> 00:17:15,559
to the Pillars of Hercules in Europe's
375
00:17:12,169 --> 00:17:18,679
West in fact early modern cartography
376
00:17:15,559 --> 00:17:20,990
saw in both the historical Alexander the
377
00:17:18,679 --> 00:17:23,839
Great and the mythological figure of
378
00:17:20,990 --> 00:17:26,959
Hercules surveyors of liminal
379
00:17:23,839 --> 00:17:29,890
territories staking out continental
380
00:17:26,959 --> 00:17:33,240
boundaries in the east and in the West
381
00:17:29,890 --> 00:17:36,630
respectively in times of territory
382
00:17:33,240 --> 00:17:38,970
expansion and colonization the symmetry
383
00:17:36,630 --> 00:17:42,000
between Europe's east and west was often
384
00:17:38,970 --> 00:17:44,340
of course politically motivated the
385
00:17:42,000 --> 00:17:47,400
Polish humanist and geographer makinia
386
00:17:44,340 --> 00:17:50,100
Kavita established an explicit analogy
387
00:17:47,400 --> 00:17:52,440
between the king of Poland
388
00:17:50,100 --> 00:17:56,250
Sigismund the first and the king of
389
00:17:52,440 --> 00:17:57,930
Portugal Manuel the first maja bananas
390
00:17:56,250 --> 00:18:00,780
rights and his treatise on Europe's
391
00:17:57,930 --> 00:18:03,480
eastern boundaries titled Tractatus dead
392
00:18:00,780 --> 00:18:06,240
watts are mozzies just as the southern
393
00:18:03,480 --> 00:18:09,210
hemisphere with people's adjacent to the
394
00:18:06,240 --> 00:18:11,640
ocean as far as India was discovered by
395
00:18:09,210 --> 00:18:13,500
the Portuguese King so the northern
396
00:18:11,640 --> 00:18:15,350
hemisphere whether it's people living
397
00:18:13,500 --> 00:18:18,300
closely to the northern ocean and
398
00:18:15,350 --> 00:18:19,680
oriented toward the east discovered
399
00:18:18,300 --> 00:18:22,380
through the army and warfare of the
400
00:18:19,680 --> 00:18:26,430
Polish King should be opened up and
401
00:18:22,380 --> 00:18:28,650
become known to the world Poland and
402
00:18:26,430 --> 00:18:31,530
Portugal stand here in a speculative
403
00:18:28,650 --> 00:18:33,900
relationship although my Kavita does not
404
00:18:31,530 --> 00:18:36,570
yet divide the hemispheres into East and
405
00:18:33,900 --> 00:18:38,160
West a division only slowly on the rise
406
00:18:36,570 --> 00:18:41,700
at the beginning of the sixteenth
407
00:18:38,160 --> 00:18:44,100
century but rather adopts a north-south
408
00:18:41,700 --> 00:18:46,770
hemispheric division in the medieval
409
00:18:44,100 --> 00:18:49,890
tradition of the zonal or macro peon
410
00:18:46,770 --> 00:18:53,220
math according to which the world is
411
00:18:49,890 --> 00:18:55,170
divided into five climatic zones we see
412
00:18:53,220 --> 00:18:59,010
here an addition of Macrobius with the
413
00:18:55,170 --> 00:19:01,590
oil cumin a the three continent worldís
414
00:18:59,010 --> 00:19:04,500
note to the ancients squeezed into the
415
00:19:01,590 --> 00:19:07,440
northern hemisphere and the oil cumin a
416
00:19:04,500 --> 00:19:10,500
is here as we also see inverted by
417
00:19:07,440 --> 00:19:12,540
mistake so India is where one would
418
00:19:10,500 --> 00:19:13,740
expect the Iberian Peninsula and Europe
419
00:19:12,540 --> 00:19:17,130
as in the Far East
420
00:19:13,740 --> 00:19:18,900
oh well elbow space is left in the
421
00:19:17,130 --> 00:19:21,720
southern hemisphere to imagine the
422
00:19:18,900 --> 00:19:25,560
potential existence of the Antipodes or
423
00:19:21,720 --> 00:19:28,890
around 1500 the inhabitants of the new
424
00:19:25,560 --> 00:19:32,220
world by the way when we speak today
425
00:19:28,890 --> 00:19:35,040
about the global South we actually take
426
00:19:32,220 --> 00:19:36,870
up the macro bein zonal model which
427
00:19:35,040 --> 00:19:39,330
functions as an alternative to
428
00:19:36,870 --> 00:19:43,820
continental thinking as it brings
429
00:19:39,330 --> 00:19:46,730
together locales comparable and climes
430
00:19:43,820 --> 00:19:49,190
continental awareness has an interesting
431
00:19:46,730 --> 00:19:51,440
straight in ancient Greece it emerged
432
00:19:49,190 --> 00:19:54,650
not as an opposition between Europe and
433
00:19:51,440 --> 00:19:57,650
Asia at first but as a productive
434
00:19:54,650 --> 00:20:00,350
tension between the Aegean islands and
435
00:19:57,650 --> 00:20:03,080
the surrounding mainland namely Greece
436
00:20:00,350 --> 00:20:06,080
and Asia Minor in particular the
437
00:20:03,080 --> 00:20:08,929
powerful coastal cities of Athens in
438
00:20:06,080 --> 00:20:12,400
Greece and Miletus in Asia Minor here
439
00:20:08,929 --> 00:20:15,290
framed an a beautiful pale orange in
440
00:20:12,400 --> 00:20:18,530
ancient Greeks continent reference the
441
00:20:15,290 --> 00:20:21,620
Eurasian mainland in opposition to the
442
00:20:18,530 --> 00:20:24,890
archipelago the Greek turn for mainland
443
00:20:21,620 --> 00:20:27,200
had paid on literally without boundaries
444
00:20:24,890 --> 00:20:30,290
stood in stark contrast to the
445
00:20:27,200 --> 00:20:33,320
boundedness of the island missiles in
446
00:20:30,290 --> 00:20:35,090
greek what is of interest is that since
447
00:20:33,320 --> 00:20:38,780
the beginnings of pre-socratic
448
00:20:35,090 --> 00:20:41,299
philosophy in union Miletus geography
449
00:20:38,780 --> 00:20:44,419
and philosophy unfolded as twin
450
00:20:41,299 --> 00:20:47,299
disciplines the first Greek philosopher
451
00:20:44,419 --> 00:20:50,090
Alexander an unexamined er of Miletus
452
00:20:47,299 --> 00:20:52,490
was also the first geographer to
453
00:20:50,090 --> 00:20:55,429
represent him the inhabited earth on a
454
00:20:52,490 --> 00:20:58,130
tablet thus creating the first map in
455
00:20:55,429 --> 00:21:00,799
neoneun thought the geographic practice
456
00:20:58,130 --> 00:21:04,820
of imagining borderless space and
457
00:21:00,799 --> 00:21:07,490
defining entities was unmatched with the
458
00:21:04,820 --> 00:21:10,940
two foundational logical operations
459
00:21:07,490 --> 00:21:13,610
would drive philosophical thought namely
460
00:21:10,940 --> 00:21:17,740
to imagine the infinite on the one hand
461
00:21:13,610 --> 00:21:20,840
and to define concepts on the other
462
00:21:17,740 --> 00:21:22,850
early modern humanists mobilized the
463
00:21:20,840 --> 00:21:26,480
affinity between cartography and
464
00:21:22,850 --> 00:21:29,630
philosophy in new creative ways and with
465
00:21:26,480 --> 00:21:32,809
different agendas none other than I
466
00:21:29,630 --> 00:21:35,840
blush to Dula powerfully showcased this
467
00:21:32,809 --> 00:21:38,870
connection in his allegorical philosophy
468
00:21:35,840 --> 00:21:42,470
woodcut created for Conrad said Issus
469
00:21:38,870 --> 00:21:45,260
1502 collection of allergies titled
470
00:21:42,470 --> 00:21:48,020
quacked war Libra Amorim secundum watch
471
00:21:45,260 --> 00:21:51,380
were allatra garma yeah I love this
472
00:21:48,020 --> 00:21:54,080
title for books of love according to the
473
00:21:51,380 --> 00:21:56,950
four sides of Germany I have to have a
474
00:21:54,080 --> 00:21:56,950
sip of one draft
475
00:21:57,190 --> 00:22:01,510
before delving into this what cut in
476
00:21:59,560 --> 00:22:04,930
greater detail let me tell you a few
477
00:22:01,510 --> 00:22:07,240
words about sentences work sentences for
478
00:22:04,930 --> 00:22:09,340
books of allergies are probably the
479
00:22:07,240 --> 00:22:12,070
earliest and most fascinating
480
00:22:09,340 --> 00:22:14,680
cartographic book produced in Germany
481
00:22:12,070 --> 00:22:16,470
and probably beyond in the first years
482
00:22:14,680 --> 00:22:19,080
of the sixteenth century
483
00:22:16,470 --> 00:22:21,910
satis was the first poet laureate
484
00:22:19,080 --> 00:22:24,850
outside of Italy as well as doulas
485
00:22:21,910 --> 00:22:28,120
mentor and his Quattro libri moorim is
486
00:22:24,850 --> 00:22:30,610
an entirely unprecedented attempt to
487
00:22:28,120 --> 00:22:34,060
embed love poetry within a cartographic
488
00:22:30,610 --> 00:22:36,970
framework each book of allergies written
489
00:22:34,060 --> 00:22:40,690
Neola and hexameters is accompanied by a
490
00:22:36,970 --> 00:22:43,180
stylized woodcut vaguely inspired very
491
00:22:40,690 --> 00:22:46,900
vaguely inspired and creatively inspired
492
00:22:43,180 --> 00:22:50,080
by ptolemies regional maps of germany
493
00:22:46,900 --> 00:22:52,750
each woodcut features not only one side
494
00:22:50,080 --> 00:22:55,900
of Germany but also at the map Center
495
00:22:52,750 --> 00:23:00,130
sent us himself and the company of a
496
00:22:55,900 --> 00:23:03,220
regional female love interest preface
497
00:23:00,130 --> 00:23:04,890
ink seduces cartographic allergies do
498
00:23:03,220 --> 00:23:08,500
those woodcut - which I now return
499
00:23:04,890 --> 00:23:11,620
depicts philosophy as an elegant female
500
00:23:08,500 --> 00:23:14,350
figure while for Cubans keep on offski
501
00:23:11,620 --> 00:23:16,360
and Saxon the woodcut is still deeply
502
00:23:14,350 --> 00:23:19,600
deeply rooted in the medieval tradition
503
00:23:16,360 --> 00:23:21,940
of allegorical representation of Lady
504
00:23:19,600 --> 00:23:25,870
philosophy and the seven liberal arts in
505
00:23:21,940 --> 00:23:29,740
the vein of boethius we actually realize
506
00:23:25,870 --> 00:23:33,610
upon closer examination that the first
507
00:23:29,740 --> 00:23:36,640
medallion atop the garland do I insert
508
00:23:33,610 --> 00:23:37,420
that in that top in in the top a
509
00:23:36,640 --> 00:23:40,860
medallion
510
00:23:37,420 --> 00:23:43,480
Dula inserts none other than Ptolemy
511
00:23:40,860 --> 00:23:47,080
suggesting that philosophy and the
512
00:23:43,480 --> 00:23:49,870
translation study originated with the
513
00:23:47,080 --> 00:23:53,110
second Common Era groom and geographer
514
00:23:49,870 --> 00:23:56,080
from Alexandria in other words the
515
00:23:53,110 --> 00:23:58,930
movement of translation study originates
516
00:23:56,080 --> 00:24:03,010
not with Greek philosophy but with
517
00:23:58,930 --> 00:24:05,980
cartography and Ptolemy Pulido Cicero
518
00:24:03,010 --> 00:24:09,040
and Virgil are all anachronistic early
519
00:24:05,980 --> 00:24:10,660
displaced despite having preceded him in
520
00:24:09,040 --> 00:24:14,200
time they appear you
521
00:24:10,660 --> 00:24:16,660
as followers of Ptolemy with Albertus
522
00:24:14,200 --> 00:24:20,080
Magnus the medieval German philosopher
523
00:24:16,660 --> 00:24:22,720
and cartographic thinker the movement of
524
00:24:20,080 --> 00:24:25,660
translate Co and itinerary leading from
525
00:24:22,720 --> 00:24:28,030
Ptolemies Egypt to Plato's Greece to
526
00:24:25,660 --> 00:24:31,030
Cicero's and Virgil's Rome and finally
527
00:24:28,030 --> 00:24:33,190
to Germany comes to a close the
528
00:24:31,030 --> 00:24:35,800
chronological rationale of the movement
529
00:24:33,190 --> 00:24:41,460
of translate CEO is here disrupted and
530
00:24:35,800 --> 00:24:44,400
supplanted by a spatial logic by 1500
531
00:24:41,460 --> 00:24:48,090
cartography has become a strategic
532
00:24:44,400 --> 00:24:52,540
intervention structuring and defining
533
00:24:48,090 --> 00:24:55,120
knowledge in sentences elegies spatial
534
00:24:52,540 --> 00:24:57,300
and cartographic thinking permeates the
535
00:24:55,120 --> 00:25:00,640
very structure of his lines
536
00:24:57,300 --> 00:25:03,910
janab Nishimura who has studied said
537
00:25:00,640 --> 00:25:06,670
uses use of ductility examiner's has
538
00:25:03,910 --> 00:25:09,400
noticed that said is carefully arranges
539
00:25:06,670 --> 00:25:12,970
words within each line to create a
540
00:25:09,400 --> 00:25:15,850
poetic cartography for instance said its
541
00:25:12,970 --> 00:25:18,880
uses dactyls when imagining the rapid
542
00:25:15,850 --> 00:25:20,920
movement of rivers his description of
543
00:25:18,880 --> 00:25:24,120
the flow of the Danube to Austria
544
00:25:20,920 --> 00:25:27,580
consists only of dactyls
545
00:25:24,120 --> 00:25:30,640
Austria cuffs are the two replicas it's
546
00:25:27,580 --> 00:25:33,550
unique I command them but when rivers
547
00:25:30,640 --> 00:25:36,750
take on the function of boundaries said
548
00:25:33,550 --> 00:25:42,580
to substitute spawned ease for captain's
549
00:25:36,750 --> 00:25:47,980
solo spearmen a sister said dear sir its
550
00:25:42,580 --> 00:25:52,840
auras lat Peregrine ease in dude sense
551
00:25:47,980 --> 00:25:55,740
threw me in Paris sentences use of the
552
00:25:52,840 --> 00:26:00,040
meter is carefully aligned with a
553
00:25:55,740 --> 00:26:02,920
geographic function and dactyl denoting
554
00:26:00,040 --> 00:26:05,740
the swiftness of a river is juxtaposed
555
00:26:02,920 --> 00:26:08,970
with a spondee used to render the
556
00:26:05,740 --> 00:26:12,490
immobility and length of a borderline
557
00:26:08,970 --> 00:26:14,980
sega's is of course not the only poet
558
00:26:12,490 --> 00:26:18,370
who alliance meter with cartographic
559
00:26:14,980 --> 00:26:20,770
thought and who incorporates the
560
00:26:18,370 --> 00:26:24,390
specific geographic variations and
561
00:26:20,770 --> 00:26:27,790
phenomena of a territory into his line
562
00:26:24,390 --> 00:26:30,880
although his four books of allergies are
563
00:26:27,790 --> 00:26:34,600
among the very first and finest examples
564
00:26:30,880 --> 00:26:37,660
of Renaissance cartographic poetics less
565
00:26:34,600 --> 00:26:40,210
than 30 years after Sadie's the Veronese
566
00:26:37,660 --> 00:26:43,030
physician geographer and poet
567
00:26:40,210 --> 00:26:45,790
Geronimo fracas total inscribed
568
00:26:43,030 --> 00:26:48,640
continental thinking in the first extant
569
00:26:45,790 --> 00:26:50,830
new world poem titled you might be
570
00:26:48,640 --> 00:26:54,250
surprised syphilis
571
00:26:50,830 --> 00:26:58,480
see the Immortals Gannicus published in
572
00:26:54,250 --> 00:27:01,960
1530 in Verona it is in this column that
573
00:26:58,480 --> 00:27:04,300
fracas toda coined the word syphilis for
574
00:27:01,960 --> 00:27:06,700
a relatively new epidemic previously
575
00:27:04,300 --> 00:27:09,700
referred to as more boasts galakras or
576
00:27:06,700 --> 00:27:12,940
the French disease we see that national
577
00:27:09,700 --> 00:27:16,570
scapegoating in times of pandemics has
578
00:27:12,940 --> 00:27:18,790
actually a long history with the joint
579
00:27:16,570 --> 00:27:21,640
developments of the outbreak of the
580
00:27:18,790 --> 00:27:24,580
epidemic and the discovery of the new
581
00:27:21,640 --> 00:27:27,760
world the question of the continent of
582
00:27:24,580 --> 00:27:30,370
connectivity between the öykü many of
583
00:27:27,760 --> 00:27:33,430
the old world and the new world was
584
00:27:30,370 --> 00:27:36,240
sharply on the rise track Astana had a
585
00:27:33,430 --> 00:27:40,210
unique way of approaching this question
586
00:27:36,240 --> 00:27:43,380
his pronounced interest in the changing
587
00:27:40,210 --> 00:27:46,260
nature of sea levels and the fluctuating
588
00:27:43,380 --> 00:27:48,700
elevation of the globe's surface
589
00:27:46,260 --> 00:27:52,180
constantly moved and transformed by
590
00:27:48,700 --> 00:27:55,420
tides and volcanic eruptions led him to
591
00:27:52,180 --> 00:28:00,970
think that land and water were subject
592
00:27:55,420 --> 00:28:03,340
to secular changes of elevation so that
593
00:28:00,970 --> 00:28:06,490
an area now dry and raised to
594
00:28:03,340 --> 00:28:09,340
mountainous heights may once have been
595
00:28:06,490 --> 00:28:11,830
submerged in his cosmic graphic homo
596
00:28:09,340 --> 00:28:15,280
Chandrika fracas Turin writes and I
597
00:28:11,830 --> 00:28:17,800
quote if the man considers how islands
598
00:28:15,280 --> 00:28:20,230
and mountains come into being he will
599
00:28:17,800 --> 00:28:23,020
recognize the time was when they were
600
00:28:20,230 --> 00:28:25,870
built out from the sea and that time
601
00:28:23,020 --> 00:28:29,080
will be when land now covered by the
602
00:28:25,870 --> 00:28:32,380
waves will be inhabited and tilled and
603
00:28:29,080 --> 00:28:36,570
yet again in future time will be again
604
00:28:32,380 --> 00:28:38,180
hidden by ocean and of raqqa stars
605
00:28:36,570 --> 00:28:40,970
geologic
606
00:28:38,180 --> 00:28:43,820
dovetails with Zelda roses description
607
00:28:40,970 --> 00:28:45,620
in a desert island of the oscillation
608
00:28:43,820 --> 00:28:48,470
between mountain and island and time
609
00:28:45,620 --> 00:28:49,070
there lose rights I quote the Ark of
610
00:28:48,470 --> 00:28:51,740
Noah
611
00:28:49,070 --> 00:28:54,770
sets down on the one place on earth that
612
00:28:51,740 --> 00:28:57,200
remains uncovered by water a circular
613
00:28:54,770 --> 00:28:59,930
and sacred place from which the world
614
00:28:57,200 --> 00:29:01,790
begins on you it is an island or a
615
00:28:59,930 --> 00:29:04,700
mountain or both at once
616
00:29:01,790 --> 00:29:08,060
the island is a mountain underwater and
617
00:29:04,700 --> 00:29:11,600
the mountain an island that is still dry
618
00:29:08,060 --> 00:29:14,300
and of called track Astana came to
619
00:29:11,600 --> 00:29:16,730
imagine that land masses are connected
620
00:29:14,300 --> 00:29:19,580
to one another will be not always in a
621
00:29:16,730 --> 00:29:21,890
visible way some connections occur above
622
00:29:19,580 --> 00:29:24,350
ground some underwater what might appear
623
00:29:21,890 --> 00:29:27,620
to the naked eye as too detached
624
00:29:24,350 --> 00:29:30,320
landmasses Rockefeller contents may
625
00:29:27,620 --> 00:29:33,260
likely be connected underwater and
626
00:29:30,320 --> 00:29:36,680
conversely may become visible above
627
00:29:33,260 --> 00:29:39,710
ground when sea levels changed according
628
00:29:36,680 --> 00:29:42,140
to fracas total continental continuity
629
00:29:39,710 --> 00:29:44,900
and discontinuity can only be
630
00:29:42,140 --> 00:29:49,030
comprehensively understood when looked
631
00:29:44,900 --> 00:29:52,360
at in a deep and diachronic way when the
632
00:29:49,030 --> 00:29:55,160
geological telluric time of continental
633
00:29:52,360 --> 00:29:57,800
transformation is included in the
634
00:29:55,160 --> 00:30:01,910
evaluation of the ever-shifting contours
635
00:29:57,800 --> 00:30:04,970
of land masses in fracas neurosyphilis
636
00:30:01,910 --> 00:30:07,970
poem the undulating movement of the sea
637
00:30:04,970 --> 00:30:10,550
which constantly transforms the surface
638
00:30:07,970 --> 00:30:14,510
of the globe is folded into the very
639
00:30:10,550 --> 00:30:17,810
texture of the poem the noun onda wave
640
00:30:14,510 --> 00:30:21,050
along with the advert or net where
641
00:30:17,810 --> 00:30:24,230
whence which relates as a homophone to
642
00:30:21,050 --> 00:30:26,390
the waves are carefully inscribed at the
643
00:30:24,230 --> 00:30:29,570
beginning middle and end of several
644
00:30:26,390 --> 00:30:31,670
verses closely grouped together the
645
00:30:29,570 --> 00:30:34,670
capstone of visualizes for us the
646
00:30:31,670 --> 00:30:38,180
movement of the waves inscribed and his
647
00:30:34,670 --> 00:30:41,480
lines and you see I won't read all the
648
00:30:38,180 --> 00:30:44,740
lines that you see here the word onda
649
00:30:41,480 --> 00:30:48,899
guey creating actually an undulating
650
00:30:44,740 --> 00:30:51,599
movement across the lines
651
00:30:48,899 --> 00:30:53,580
as seen in the attention John paid two
652
00:30:51,599 --> 00:30:56,279
images of undulation created through
653
00:30:53,580 --> 00:30:58,729
careful positioning of words rock estas
654
00:30:56,279 --> 00:31:01,559
poetic lines unlocked not only an entire
655
00:30:58,729 --> 00:31:05,039
theory of changing sea levels but also
656
00:31:01,559 --> 00:31:07,379
new avenues to think the plasticity of a
657
00:31:05,039 --> 00:31:10,700
words literal and metaphorical meaning
658
00:31:07,379 --> 00:31:13,529
and mana ferocity itself let me in Texas
659
00:31:10,700 --> 00:31:16,289
track estas poetic inscription of the
660
00:31:13,529 --> 00:31:18,599
movement of the waves affords readers an
661
00:31:16,289 --> 00:31:21,479
opportunity to see in his meditation
662
00:31:18,599 --> 00:31:23,429
upon waves a prime example of the
663
00:31:21,479 --> 00:31:26,969
fluidity of his cartographic thought
664
00:31:23,429 --> 00:31:29,989
when read synchronically in a particular
665
00:31:26,969 --> 00:31:33,539
moment in time Freck Estados expression
666
00:31:29,989 --> 00:31:36,450
plowing the ocean which appears early on
667
00:31:33,539 --> 00:31:39,299
in book 2 of syphilis serves as a
668
00:31:36,450 --> 00:31:42,119
metaphor for crossing a body of water
669
00:31:39,299 --> 00:31:45,599
however when read Daiya chronically
670
00:31:42,119 --> 00:31:48,839
across the extended period of secular
671
00:31:45,599 --> 00:31:51,929
changes of land and sea when the oceans
672
00:31:48,839 --> 00:31:55,349
low elevation exposes dry and arable
673
00:31:51,929 --> 00:31:58,559
land the expression plowing the ocean
674
00:31:55,349 --> 00:32:00,869
becomes literal raucous tones poetic
675
00:31:58,559 --> 00:32:04,190
cartography acknowledges the world's
676
00:32:00,869 --> 00:32:06,809
constant motion and transformation it
677
00:32:04,190 --> 00:32:09,899
incorporates both Geographic and
678
00:32:06,809 --> 00:32:12,839
temporal changes as it plots new poetic
679
00:32:09,899 --> 00:32:15,989
textures and carries on the hermeneutics
680
00:32:12,839 --> 00:32:20,399
of reading the intricacies of style and
681
00:32:15,989 --> 00:32:23,159
the limits of representation well it is
682
00:32:20,399 --> 00:32:26,749
time for me to end my presentation with
683
00:32:23,159 --> 00:32:30,210
a few concluding words what is Europe
684
00:32:26,749 --> 00:32:33,599
where are Europe's borders and what
685
00:32:30,210 --> 00:32:35,999
gives Europe a special status these
686
00:32:33,599 --> 00:32:38,519
questions may seem drawn from today's
687
00:32:35,999 --> 00:32:40,859
headlines but they were essential for
688
00:32:38,519 --> 00:32:43,710
the Renaissance humanists who formed the
689
00:32:40,859 --> 00:32:47,279
subject of my book the question about
690
00:32:43,710 --> 00:32:49,830
Europe's borders is as urgent now as it
691
00:32:47,279 --> 00:32:52,409
was in the early modern period when the
692
00:32:49,830 --> 00:32:55,519
idea of Europe as a continent was first
693
00:32:52,409 --> 00:32:58,679
emerging Europe's rise to an
694
00:32:55,519 --> 00:33:01,440
ideologically charged metaphor an idea
695
00:32:58,679 --> 00:33:02,190
that came to stand for a universal and
696
00:33:01,440 --> 00:33:04,740
secular
697
00:33:02,190 --> 00:33:07,559
vision of the human and for a modern
698
00:33:04,740 --> 00:33:11,009
world system has had both extraordinary
699
00:33:07,559 --> 00:33:15,059
and devastating consequences on a global
700
00:33:11,009 --> 00:33:18,389
scale during the early modern period far
701
00:33:15,059 --> 00:33:21,419
from consolidated the blurred messy and
702
00:33:18,389 --> 00:33:24,360
confusing contours of Europe were being
703
00:33:21,419 --> 00:33:27,649
only negotiated they demand to be
704
00:33:24,360 --> 00:33:31,320
disentangled in particular given our
705
00:33:27,649 --> 00:33:35,190
insufficient and often misleading use of
706
00:33:31,320 --> 00:33:37,740
the word Renaissance Europe my book
707
00:33:35,190 --> 00:33:40,009
traces the formation of Europe back from
708
00:33:37,740 --> 00:33:43,230
a metaphor an idea to what Roberto
709
00:33:40,009 --> 00:33:47,850
Esposito has recently called Europe's
710
00:33:43,230 --> 00:33:51,419
bare geographic given Newdow dental
711
00:33:47,850 --> 00:33:53,879
geographical my book thereby hopes to
712
00:33:51,419 --> 00:33:56,970
offer a corrective to our understanding
713
00:33:53,879 --> 00:34:00,059
of what we mean when we say Europe in
714
00:33:56,970 --> 00:34:08,339
the past but also with an eye to the
715
00:34:00,059 --> 00:34:12,389
present thank you thank you so much
716
00:34:08,339 --> 00:34:16,190
Catarina for that amazing introduction
717
00:34:12,389 --> 00:34:20,129
to the complexities of Renaissance
718
00:34:16,190 --> 00:34:22,859
geographical and philosophical thought
719
00:34:20,129 --> 00:34:26,819
we're going to open the chat room for
720
00:34:22,859 --> 00:34:29,520
questions so for the audience if you
721
00:34:26,819 --> 00:34:33,000
click on your chat function you will be
722
00:34:29,520 --> 00:34:34,500
able to offer questions the chat
723
00:34:33,000 --> 00:34:37,460
function at the bottom of your screen
724
00:34:34,500 --> 00:34:41,419
and zoom in' if you're not seeing it
725
00:34:37,460 --> 00:34:46,339
please submit your questions in writing
726
00:34:41,419 --> 00:34:50,849
to to everyone on the chat function
727
00:34:46,339 --> 00:34:56,359
Katrina I might start off maybe to ask
728
00:34:50,849 --> 00:35:00,200
you to talk a little bit more about the
729
00:34:56,359 --> 00:35:03,650
potentialities that you see in the
730
00:35:00,200 --> 00:35:07,290
messiness that you just described in the
731
00:35:03,650 --> 00:35:11,160
formation of the concept of Europe for
732
00:35:07,290 --> 00:35:15,540
shaking up some of the Fixit 'is that we
733
00:35:11,160 --> 00:35:17,310
have built over time in relationship to
734
00:35:15,540 --> 00:35:19,320
Europe's kind of dialectical
735
00:35:17,310 --> 00:35:20,910
self-definition with the rest of the
736
00:35:19,320 --> 00:35:25,430
world so I just wondered if you could
737
00:35:20,910 --> 00:35:29,310
say more about that interesting set of
738
00:35:25,430 --> 00:35:32,250
potentialities thank you you know I
739
00:35:29,310 --> 00:35:34,910
think this was in a way also the the
740
00:35:32,250 --> 00:35:38,150
starting point of my reflection where
741
00:35:34,910 --> 00:35:41,700
the entire book project really emerged
742
00:35:38,150 --> 00:35:45,540
the idea namely that we have this very
743
00:35:41,700 --> 00:35:49,860
rigid idea of what Europe is when we
744
00:35:45,540 --> 00:35:52,470
pitch it against or compare it with but
745
00:35:49,860 --> 00:35:54,750
it's mostly pitching against the the
746
00:35:52,470 --> 00:36:00,270
rest of Europe right so there is a kind
747
00:35:54,750 --> 00:36:04,440
of fluid world that is in transformation
748
00:36:00,270 --> 00:36:07,190
that has a lot of potential and there it
749
00:36:04,440 --> 00:36:11,100
is this kind of old originated world
750
00:36:07,190 --> 00:36:14,610
well the the rigid continent of Europe
751
00:36:11,100 --> 00:36:16,800
that brought a lot of very bad things
752
00:36:14,610 --> 00:36:21,080
upon the world which is of course also
753
00:36:16,800 --> 00:36:24,840
it's one of its legacies and I try to
754
00:36:21,080 --> 00:36:27,540
undo that and break that open really in
755
00:36:24,840 --> 00:36:30,090
my book and to show that if we look at
756
00:36:27,540 --> 00:36:32,610
Europe itself and this is why I brought
757
00:36:30,090 --> 00:36:35,310
out the the history of Europe in the
758
00:36:32,610 --> 00:36:38,160
second half of the of the 20th century I
759
00:36:35,310 --> 00:36:44,660
mean I refer ttan the Yugoslav wars
760
00:36:38,160 --> 00:36:48,720
Crimea Ireland we see how many how many
761
00:36:44,660 --> 00:36:50,460
things that are related to space to
762
00:36:48,720 --> 00:36:53,190
cartography and to geography
763
00:36:50,460 --> 00:36:56,880
actually you know still impact our
764
00:36:53,190 --> 00:37:00,090
thinking of what Europe is and now in
765
00:36:56,880 --> 00:37:01,680
particular I mean even before it Kotick
766
00:37:00,090 --> 00:37:05,250
but the question is really where are
767
00:37:01,680 --> 00:37:09,330
Europe's boundaries and how how how how
768
00:37:05,250 --> 00:37:11,430
do the northern countries respond to you
769
00:37:09,330 --> 00:37:13,470
know countries that are perhaps now more
770
00:37:11,430 --> 00:37:16,080
in need of Frank mentioned support in
771
00:37:13,470 --> 00:37:17,580
the south or on the the boundaries of
772
00:37:16,080 --> 00:37:19,710
Europe
773
00:37:17,580 --> 00:37:23,040
what are the power structures within
774
00:37:19,710 --> 00:37:26,030
Europe to undo that and to allow really
775
00:37:23,040 --> 00:37:28,349
some space to think about it that was
776
00:37:26,030 --> 00:37:33,029
what I had in mind
777
00:37:28,349 --> 00:37:36,470
and I I do not want to venture into into
778
00:37:33,029 --> 00:37:39,630
the world if because I don't want to
779
00:37:36,470 --> 00:37:43,440
investigate countries and cultures whose
780
00:37:39,630 --> 00:37:46,499
language I don't speak so I want to stay
781
00:37:43,440 --> 00:37:49,170
within the bounds of Europe and and to
782
00:37:46,499 --> 00:37:53,509
show the complexities as much as I can
783
00:37:49,170 --> 00:37:56,789
and precisely the the kind of you know
784
00:37:53,509 --> 00:38:01,019
blurred though it's blurred and I just
785
00:37:56,789 --> 00:38:07,079
see in very complex I guess thank you
786
00:38:01,019 --> 00:38:11,519
thank you very much do we do have a
787
00:38:07,079 --> 00:38:14,579
question from one of ours one of our
788
00:38:11,519 --> 00:38:15,900
audience members thank you so much for
789
00:38:14,579 --> 00:38:18,329
an extraordinary talk and an exciting
790
00:38:15,900 --> 00:38:20,039
book would you be interested in talking
791
00:38:18,329 --> 00:38:22,589
a little about the topographical
792
00:38:20,039 --> 00:38:26,940
registers of thinking about Europe for
793
00:38:22,589 --> 00:38:29,849
example the ways in which the ways
794
00:38:26,940 --> 00:38:32,670
rivers coastlines mountains and other
795
00:38:29,849 --> 00:38:34,859
features served to shape or deform
796
00:38:32,670 --> 00:38:38,099
narratives of continental boundaries
797
00:38:34,859 --> 00:38:40,140
what is the force of topography in world
798
00:38:38,099 --> 00:38:44,309
making thank you
799
00:38:40,140 --> 00:38:46,499
so actually Cong Rocksteady's is one of
800
00:38:44,309 --> 00:38:50,549
the few minutes we introduce the word
801
00:38:46,499 --> 00:38:53,759
topography into the the geographic
802
00:38:50,549 --> 00:38:58,819
nomenclature of the 16th century
803
00:38:53,759 --> 00:39:01,349
so the the the binary turn used before
804
00:38:58,819 --> 00:39:06,210
topography was reintroduced was the
805
00:39:01,349 --> 00:39:09,660
Ptolemaic cosmology versus choreography
806
00:39:06,210 --> 00:39:11,789
so the global description or the
807
00:39:09,660 --> 00:39:15,660
description of the world as opposed to
808
00:39:11,789 --> 00:39:18,229
the description of a region and they are
809
00:39:15,660 --> 00:39:22,279
methodologically very different and
810
00:39:18,229 --> 00:39:26,430
topography started being introduced as a
811
00:39:22,279 --> 00:39:28,890
third term really I think to break up
812
00:39:26,430 --> 00:39:31,349
that dichotomy in a time when
813
00:39:28,890 --> 00:39:35,130
continental thinking started to emerge
814
00:39:31,349 --> 00:39:37,890
so it's almost as if there was a need
815
00:39:35,130 --> 00:39:41,059
for a third term that became topography
816
00:39:37,890 --> 00:39:43,969
to to to
817
00:39:41,059 --> 00:39:46,189
think about an intermediate entity and
818
00:39:43,969 --> 00:39:51,549
an intermediate scale between the
819
00:39:46,189 --> 00:39:51,549
regional / local and the global and
820
00:39:51,939 --> 00:39:57,469
Hades is not really very sure about the
821
00:39:54,469 --> 00:40:01,400
use of this term he uses it very
822
00:39:57,469 --> 00:40:04,279
sparingly but it's a very end the term
823
00:40:01,400 --> 00:40:07,579
aid a very interesting a return into the
824
00:40:04,279 --> 00:40:09,469
nomenclature and it's it's I think a
825
00:40:07,579 --> 00:40:11,809
little bit you know disconnected in
826
00:40:09,469 --> 00:40:14,749
Renaissance Europe from the use of
827
00:40:11,809 --> 00:40:19,579
rivers really or natural boundaries but
828
00:40:14,749 --> 00:40:24,140
interestingly for for Ptolemy who became
829
00:40:19,579 --> 00:40:26,900
one of the central authorities on
830
00:40:24,140 --> 00:40:29,359
geography in the Renaissance period the
831
00:40:26,900 --> 00:40:33,769
boundary between Europe and Asia was the
832
00:40:29,359 --> 00:40:38,630
Don River or the timaeus River and and
833
00:40:33,769 --> 00:40:41,689
in a way that said this when he
834
00:40:38,630 --> 00:40:45,919
describes the confines of the boundaries
835
00:40:41,689 --> 00:40:48,619
of Germany he has Germany and in a very
836
00:40:45,919 --> 00:40:50,539
peculiar way with the dawn rivers so in
837
00:40:48,619 --> 00:40:53,209
a way there was a kind of very
838
00:40:50,539 --> 00:40:56,390
interesting transition between the
839
00:40:53,209 --> 00:40:59,329
description of a nation Germany and the
840
00:40:56,390 --> 00:41:02,779
description of Europe and the boundaries
841
00:40:59,329 --> 00:41:05,089
of Europe so it is an attempt also to
842
00:41:02,779 --> 00:41:08,919
enlarge Germany and to show that it's
843
00:41:05,089 --> 00:41:14,449
actually lighter than that then it might
844
00:41:08,919 --> 00:41:17,119
seem so again there the rivers are there
845
00:41:14,449 --> 00:41:20,499
but the rivers are normalized and so
846
00:41:17,119 --> 00:41:23,029
what happens after after the
847
00:41:20,499 --> 00:41:26,599
introduction of Ptolemy in Europe is
848
00:41:23,029 --> 00:41:30,409
that the the rivers which are of course
849
00:41:26,599 --> 00:41:32,929
not rectilinear are in the way aligned
850
00:41:30,409 --> 00:41:34,909
to fit the map and you see that on the
851
00:41:32,929 --> 00:41:37,609
rigid regional maps for instance of
852
00:41:34,909 --> 00:41:40,459
Germany but not only that rivers become
853
00:41:37,609 --> 00:41:45,019
straighter and straighter so there is an
854
00:41:40,459 --> 00:41:47,929
interesting attempt to think about
855
00:41:45,019 --> 00:41:50,359
natural boundaries already through the
856
00:41:47,929 --> 00:41:53,150
abstract boundaries when they were
857
00:41:50,359 --> 00:41:54,790
introduced by Ptolemy I don't know
858
00:41:53,150 --> 00:41:58,210
whether I responded
859
00:41:54,790 --> 00:41:58,210
question I hope
860
00:42:03,280 --> 00:42:11,620
Oh Lauren you are you're muted thank you
861
00:42:09,670 --> 00:42:14,230
sorry that's trying not to interfere
862
00:42:11,620 --> 00:42:18,730
when you're talking so again thank you
863
00:42:14,230 --> 00:42:20,560
for this very stimulating talk can you
864
00:42:18,730 --> 00:42:22,420
comment on the relationship if there is
865
00:42:20,560 --> 00:42:24,550
one between the making of Europe and
866
00:42:22,420 --> 00:42:32,230
emergency merging processes of
867
00:42:24,550 --> 00:42:35,140
racialization well yes so there is a
868
00:42:32,230 --> 00:42:38,380
wonderful wonderful article by ban
869
00:42:35,140 --> 00:42:42,130
drawed in Benjamin body on the sons of
870
00:42:38,380 --> 00:42:46,120
Noah and it appeared in the 1990s in the
871
00:42:42,130 --> 00:42:49,990
Journal of William and Mary
872
00:42:46,120 --> 00:42:55,780
I don't recall the year it's really a
873
00:42:49,990 --> 00:42:59,470
very it's a classical the classical very
874
00:42:55,780 --> 00:43:03,400
long article where bloody traces
875
00:42:59,470 --> 00:43:07,750
precisely the the idea of Noah's three
876
00:43:03,400 --> 00:43:10,740
sons and Sam ham and japheth and the
877
00:43:07,750 --> 00:43:16,090
idea of the emergence of racialization
878
00:43:10,740 --> 00:43:19,780
and I must say that what Brody found and
879
00:43:16,090 --> 00:43:22,960
I'm not a scholar of race but what I
880
00:43:19,780 --> 00:43:27,610
found very compelling what what Brody
881
00:43:22,960 --> 00:43:33,460
wrote that the idea of race really came
882
00:43:27,610 --> 00:43:37,810
only emerged really with with with the
883
00:43:33,460 --> 00:43:40,900
later early modernity 17th century and
884
00:43:37,810 --> 00:43:45,910
not really earlier there is an attempt
885
00:43:40,900 --> 00:43:48,550
at dividing up continents according to
886
00:43:45,910 --> 00:43:51,070
the three sons of Noah but they are
887
00:43:48,550 --> 00:43:54,640
still very blurred really throughout the
888
00:43:51,070 --> 00:43:59,890
Middle Ages so and of course they don't
889
00:43:54,640 --> 00:44:01,830
go back to the Bible but they they are
890
00:43:59,890 --> 00:44:04,740
still burglar than the Middle Ages and
891
00:44:01,830 --> 00:44:09,640
and again this is something that I
892
00:44:04,740 --> 00:44:13,180
haven't really engaged with in the
893
00:44:09,640 --> 00:44:14,920
context of continental boundary making
894
00:44:13,180 --> 00:44:16,480
in Europe it would be for a later
895
00:44:14,920 --> 00:44:20,650
century
896
00:44:16,480 --> 00:44:23,859
I'm so I I think for the century that I
897
00:44:20,650 --> 00:44:26,589
investigate in in in my and my book it's
898
00:44:23,859 --> 00:44:30,280
perhaps a little too early but it would
899
00:44:26,589 --> 00:44:32,950
be a very very interesting pathway to to
900
00:44:30,280 --> 00:44:35,320
to pursue definitely and I might be
901
00:44:32,950 --> 00:44:38,200
entirely long I mean it might it might
902
00:44:35,320 --> 00:44:40,240
already happen much earlier but but it's
903
00:44:38,200 --> 00:44:44,160
not something that that I investigated
904
00:44:40,240 --> 00:44:49,119
but I would definitely recommend the
905
00:44:44,160 --> 00:44:51,609
article by Ben doggie as a starter also
906
00:44:49,119 --> 00:44:54,670
thank you very much for that reference
907
00:44:51,609 --> 00:44:57,579
it sounds interesting as well another
908
00:44:54,670 --> 00:44:59,740
question Thank You Katrina for helping
909
00:44:57,579 --> 00:45:01,690
for helping to rebuild the borders of
910
00:44:59,740 --> 00:45:05,290
our academic world with this online
911
00:45:01,690 --> 00:45:08,740
presentation the idea of cartographic
912
00:45:05,290 --> 00:45:10,180
making is very interesting indeed helps
913
00:45:08,740 --> 00:45:13,599
helping us to think about the
914
00:45:10,180 --> 00:45:15,910
construction of communities could you
915
00:45:13,599 --> 00:45:19,980
say more about the diffusion and the
916
00:45:15,910 --> 00:45:23,619
circulation of these cartography which
917
00:45:19,980 --> 00:45:32,170
photography so so just Maps in general
918
00:45:23,619 --> 00:45:35,950
or okay I'll just say something so I'll
919
00:45:32,170 --> 00:45:38,619
say something that is perhaps less of a
920
00:45:35,950 --> 00:45:41,530
cliche namely Eastern Europe which is
921
00:45:38,619 --> 00:45:45,569
something that is usually less less
922
00:45:41,530 --> 00:45:49,450
study so the Renaissance humanists I I
923
00:45:45,569 --> 00:45:51,730
investigate much India Kavita who wrote
924
00:45:49,450 --> 00:45:55,720
this treatise on the two son Mattias
925
00:45:51,730 --> 00:46:00,550
he was the greatest math collector in
926
00:45:55,720 --> 00:46:04,300
Cracow at around 1500 and he collected
927
00:46:00,550 --> 00:46:06,369
maps by traveling to Italy and she was
928
00:46:04,300 --> 00:46:09,700
also besides being very well-connected
929
00:46:06,369 --> 00:46:11,920
he was the King's personal physician he
930
00:46:09,700 --> 00:46:17,200
was also very well-connected to the
931
00:46:11,920 --> 00:46:21,190
intellectual and scientific scene of his
932
00:46:17,200 --> 00:46:23,650
time among others Copernicus and it's
933
00:46:21,190 --> 00:46:26,589
and and what in a way what I'm trying to
934
00:46:23,650 --> 00:46:30,160
do in my book it's also to show that not
935
00:46:26,589 --> 00:46:33,069
everything happens in Italy and not
936
00:46:30,160 --> 00:46:35,260
everyone else is an epitome so there are
937
00:46:33,069 --> 00:46:38,559
very different things happening in
938
00:46:35,260 --> 00:46:41,920
different places at the same time and
939
00:46:38,559 --> 00:46:43,420
are influencing other people I mean
940
00:46:41,920 --> 00:46:44,859
let's think about the Copernican
941
00:46:43,420 --> 00:46:47,280
revolution yes
942
00:46:44,859 --> 00:46:53,020
so this is something that happens in
943
00:46:47,280 --> 00:46:55,839
Europe's east / north and of course the
944
00:46:53,020 --> 00:46:57,940
great figure of the Copernican
945
00:46:55,839 --> 00:46:59,920
revolution is 100 year later galileo
946
00:46:57,940 --> 00:47:02,650
galilei but there would be no galileo
947
00:46:59,920 --> 00:47:04,390
galilei without Copernicus and in a way
948
00:47:02,650 --> 00:47:06,609
this is what I mean when the iron with
949
00:47:04,390 --> 00:47:09,839
aaron kirk is somehow still present in
950
00:47:06,609 --> 00:47:13,109
our minds a lot of things be they
951
00:47:09,839 --> 00:47:15,520
astronomical or or mathematical or
952
00:47:13,109 --> 00:47:17,950
cartographic are happening also in
953
00:47:15,520 --> 00:47:18,640
Eastern Europe most circulating very
954
00:47:17,950 --> 00:47:23,740
widely
955
00:47:18,640 --> 00:47:27,670
so my rep my polish humanist macchina
956
00:47:23,740 --> 00:47:33,400
Kavita had already a copy of Copernicus
957
00:47:27,670 --> 00:47:37,180
s comment our yellows in 1514 so there
958
00:47:33,400 --> 00:47:39,880
is an entire world to incorporate I
959
00:47:37,180 --> 00:47:43,029
think into our understanding of the
960
00:47:39,880 --> 00:47:47,289
Renaissance world and of the circulation
961
00:47:43,029 --> 00:47:50,920
of ideas so it's not just a few maps or
962
00:47:47,289 --> 00:47:54,099
a few big names traveling and being read
963
00:47:50,920 --> 00:47:57,250
but what I really try to do is to open
964
00:47:54,099 --> 00:47:59,020
up Europe too to other places as well
965
00:47:57,250 --> 00:48:01,599
and of course I'm not an astronomer I
966
00:47:59,020 --> 00:48:04,869
could never thought Copernicus really
967
00:48:01,599 --> 00:48:06,880
but I hope to connect some of the the
968
00:48:04,869 --> 00:48:09,910
less studied parts of the world of
969
00:48:06,880 --> 00:48:12,700
Europe and incorporate them into a
970
00:48:09,910 --> 00:48:15,279
larger discussion of the Renaissance so
971
00:48:12,700 --> 00:48:18,279
this is of course only the beginning but
972
00:48:15,279 --> 00:48:21,039
I again I don't know whether I answered
973
00:48:18,279 --> 00:48:25,260
the question but I'd like to just offer
974
00:48:21,039 --> 00:48:28,510
one one idea great thank you so much
975
00:48:25,260 --> 00:48:30,150
another question I was particularly
976
00:48:28,510 --> 00:48:32,890
interested in the relations between
977
00:48:30,150 --> 00:48:35,230
cartography and metrics could you
978
00:48:32,890 --> 00:48:38,910
perhaps explain a bit further why these
979
00:48:35,230 --> 00:48:43,390
uses of metrics in salties fraca Stroh
980
00:48:38,910 --> 00:48:44,020
Castoro and elsewhere are more mimetic
981
00:48:43,390 --> 00:48:48,540
alee
982
00:48:44,020 --> 00:48:48,540
to graphical then say merely spatial
983
00:48:49,359 --> 00:48:57,140
that's a very good question they are
984
00:48:52,519 --> 00:49:00,589
cartographic if we think of boundaries
985
00:48:57,140 --> 00:49:04,309
and borders as something that pertains
986
00:49:00,589 --> 00:49:12,109
both to space and cartography so I would
987
00:49:04,309 --> 00:49:14,539
think that if Safety's uses spawn ds2 so
988
00:49:12,109 --> 00:49:21,200
uses two different meters to represent a
989
00:49:14,539 --> 00:49:26,119
river and uses dactyls to represent the
990
00:49:21,200 --> 00:49:30,769
rivers rapid flow for instance that is
991
00:49:26,119 --> 00:49:32,660
perhaps a spatial Geographic idea and so
992
00:49:30,769 --> 00:49:36,619
we could break that down that way I'm
993
00:49:32,660 --> 00:49:39,470
just you know brainstorming right now
994
00:49:36,619 --> 00:49:42,589
and in the second case when the river
995
00:49:39,470 --> 00:49:46,400
takes on the shape of the meter or
996
00:49:42,589 --> 00:49:51,920
rather with the river takes on the shape
997
00:49:46,400 --> 00:49:55,069
of a boundary then it takes on truly a
998
00:49:51,920 --> 00:49:58,640
cartographic a cartographic function in
999
00:49:55,069 --> 00:50:02,299
that it represents a straight line just
1000
00:49:58,640 --> 00:50:04,759
like on a on the Ptolemaic map and of
1001
00:50:02,299 --> 00:50:08,119
course it's very interesting to see also
1002
00:50:04,759 --> 00:50:12,289
how you know the the meter and and
1003
00:50:08,119 --> 00:50:16,339
poetics work with or against also the
1004
00:50:12,289 --> 00:50:19,880
text itself the content of the pipes
1005
00:50:16,339 --> 00:50:23,029
because then on the one hand the meter
1006
00:50:19,880 --> 00:50:27,079
it's of draws those boundaries but then
1007
00:50:23,029 --> 00:50:29,869
what that is does in the poem is to
1008
00:50:27,079 --> 00:50:32,119
actually undo those rigid boundaries as
1009
00:50:29,869 --> 00:50:35,420
I mentioned before and to show that
1010
00:50:32,119 --> 00:50:39,799
Germany actually extends way beyond
1011
00:50:35,420 --> 00:50:42,589
those boundaries so there is a very
1012
00:50:39,799 --> 00:50:45,680
interesting tension between form and
1013
00:50:42,589 --> 00:50:47,720
content and not only between farming
1014
00:50:45,680 --> 00:50:52,279
country but also between form content
1015
00:50:47,720 --> 00:50:54,920
and the the wood cuts themselves and the
1016
00:50:52,279 --> 00:50:58,029
wood cuts themselves are also very
1017
00:50:54,920 --> 00:51:02,329
interesting because you can actually see
1018
00:50:58,029 --> 00:51:02,930
that they on the one hand show a sort of
1019
00:51:02,329 --> 00:51:08,020
bound
1020
00:51:02,930 --> 00:51:12,319
um where you think you see the the
1021
00:51:08,020 --> 00:51:15,650
horizon of the of the northern boundary
1022
00:51:12,319 --> 00:51:18,710
of Germany but if you look very closely
1023
00:51:15,650 --> 00:51:21,349
you actually see that it's the horizon
1024
00:51:18,710 --> 00:51:23,990
beyond the Baltic Sea and that Germany
1025
00:51:21,349 --> 00:51:26,089
itself only takes up a third of the
1026
00:51:23,990 --> 00:51:30,559
woodcut and the rest was the Baltic Sea
1027
00:51:26,089 --> 00:51:33,380
so it said it's blurs land and water
1028
00:51:30,559 --> 00:51:34,940
already also on the woodcut he tricks
1029
00:51:33,380 --> 00:51:38,420
his readers thinking that actually
1030
00:51:34,940 --> 00:51:40,819
German extends far into the horizon far
1031
00:51:38,420 --> 00:51:45,589
further than it actually does so it's
1032
00:51:40,819 --> 00:51:47,630
pretty it's pretty amazing so so there
1033
00:51:45,589 --> 00:51:52,849
is also through the addition of those
1034
00:51:47,630 --> 00:51:55,720
wood cuts an attempt to to to be more
1035
00:51:52,849 --> 00:51:59,960
cartographic and I should also add that
1036
00:51:55,720 --> 00:52:03,290
Italian poets didn't really use this
1037
00:51:59,960 --> 00:52:06,309
visual material so this is really
1038
00:52:03,290 --> 00:52:09,650
something that is very typical of of
1039
00:52:06,309 --> 00:52:13,280
sandee's he's really pioneered in adding
1040
00:52:09,650 --> 00:52:19,609
in adding a visual material to his to
1041
00:52:13,280 --> 00:52:21,530
his allergies so that to makes it much
1042
00:52:19,609 --> 00:52:24,770
more cartographic than your spatial
1043
00:52:21,530 --> 00:52:26,510
economy we have three more excellent
1044
00:52:24,770 --> 00:52:29,270
questions so I think I'm gonna stack
1045
00:52:26,510 --> 00:52:32,180
them since we're getting close to the
1046
00:52:29,270 --> 00:52:34,160
end of our allotted time I can be faster
1047
00:52:32,180 --> 00:52:36,940
in my reply that's ooh that's great but
1048
00:52:34,160 --> 00:52:40,730
they're so interesting you might have to
1049
00:52:36,940 --> 00:52:44,660
take a minute more okay the first one is
1050
00:52:40,730 --> 00:52:46,099
I was particularly interested in the
1051
00:52:44,660 --> 00:52:47,240
relation oh no sorry that's what I just
1052
00:52:46,099 --> 00:52:49,520
read sorry
1053
00:52:47,240 --> 00:52:51,559
the idea that Eastern and Western Europe
1054
00:52:49,520 --> 00:52:52,490
are understood to mirror each other is
1055
00:52:51,559 --> 00:52:54,770
intriguing
1056
00:52:52,490 --> 00:52:56,930
I wonder how authors and cartographers
1057
00:52:54,770 --> 00:52:59,829
handed that handled the presence of the
1058
00:52:56,930 --> 00:53:02,410
Ottoman Empire in southeastern Europe
1059
00:52:59,829 --> 00:53:05,240
that's the first one
1060
00:53:02,410 --> 00:53:07,430
second question could you elaborate
1061
00:53:05,240 --> 00:53:09,680
further on your decision to employ the
1062
00:53:07,430 --> 00:53:11,510
term humanism for the book's title and
1063
00:53:09,680 --> 00:53:14,089
guide us through the implications of
1064
00:53:11,510 --> 00:53:17,560
that choice across the books constituent
1065
00:53:14,089 --> 00:53:20,750
and nationally distinctive chapters
1066
00:53:17,560 --> 00:53:22,550
mmm-hmm and then finally I have
1067
00:53:20,750 --> 00:53:26,270
benefited a lot from the book in my
1068
00:53:22,550 --> 00:53:28,750
study of Lucy and domani see on how
1069
00:53:26,270 --> 00:53:30,410
continental thinking dominates
1070
00:53:28,750 --> 00:53:33,140
paleoanthropology coal knowledge
1071
00:53:30,410 --> 00:53:35,810
production where scientific discourse on
1072
00:53:33,140 --> 00:53:38,090
human evolution is blended with spatial
1073
00:53:35,810 --> 00:53:41,240
ideological categories of continental
1074
00:53:38,090 --> 00:53:44,090
land masses here Africa Europe Asia
1075
00:53:41,240 --> 00:53:46,940
Eurasia and national territory here
1076
00:53:44,090 --> 00:53:49,910
Ethiopia and Georgia are their works on
1077
00:53:46,940 --> 00:53:52,540
Africa that are somehow similar to your
1078
00:53:49,910 --> 00:53:52,540
approach
1079
00:53:52,720 --> 00:54:01,330
okay thank you um so Ottoman Empire I'm
1080
00:53:57,440 --> 00:54:03,890
not you know I wrote a little bit about
1081
00:54:01,330 --> 00:54:06,530
the presence and the importance of the
1082
00:54:03,890 --> 00:54:11,330
Ottoman Empire in my Portuguese chapter
1083
00:54:06,530 --> 00:54:16,970
but really the thus the scholar who were
1084
00:54:11,330 --> 00:54:19,970
works on early modern the Mediterranean
1085
00:54:16,970 --> 00:54:20,630
and also Indian oceans faces Giancarlo
1086
00:54:19,970 --> 00:54:23,120
Quezada
1087
00:54:20,630 --> 00:54:26,150
who wrote an excellent book on the
1088
00:54:23,120 --> 00:54:28,970
presence of the Ottomans and also the
1089
00:54:26,150 --> 00:54:33,320
interaction of of Christians and
1090
00:54:28,970 --> 00:54:36,050
Ottomans and I must say that I haven't I
1091
00:54:33,320 --> 00:54:40,520
haven't really worked on South East
1092
00:54:36,050 --> 00:54:43,940
Europe however my colleague even
1093
00:54:40,520 --> 00:54:48,050
Lubitsch has just is working now on a
1094
00:54:43,940 --> 00:54:50,300
book titled the illyrian Renaissance so
1095
00:54:48,050 --> 00:54:53,390
it's really about the Renaissance and
1096
00:54:50,300 --> 00:54:58,400
the co-presence of of different cultures
1097
00:54:53,390 --> 00:55:01,370
and religions in self in the Balkans in
1098
00:54:58,400 --> 00:55:06,020
South East Europe in particular Croatia
1099
00:55:01,370 --> 00:55:09,940
and illyrian Renaissance and I think
1100
00:55:06,020 --> 00:55:13,220
that might be one one one or two really
1101
00:55:09,940 --> 00:55:16,580
pathways to look at it's not something
1102
00:55:13,220 --> 00:55:19,250
that I have been working on although
1103
00:55:16,580 --> 00:55:22,190
it's it's because I can't read those the
1104
00:55:19,250 --> 00:55:26,000
sources and and Ottoman Turkish I'm you
1105
00:55:22,190 --> 00:55:29,180
know it's unfortunately maybe in the
1106
00:55:26,000 --> 00:55:33,620
next project but the the question about
1107
00:55:29,180 --> 00:55:38,780
humanism well I think that the same way
1108
00:55:33,620 --> 00:55:41,840
I wanted to direct the word Renaissance
1109
00:55:38,780 --> 00:55:44,780
Europe I also wanted to redirect the
1110
00:55:41,840 --> 00:55:47,080
word humanism and as I mentioned if you
1111
00:55:44,780 --> 00:55:51,980
open the book on Renaissance humanism
1112
00:55:47,080 --> 00:55:55,700
space is not really an issue the the
1113
00:55:51,980 --> 00:55:59,720
questions addressed are you know
1114
00:55:55,700 --> 00:56:03,290
phonological linguistic religious and I
1115
00:55:59,720 --> 00:56:05,720
think that space needs to to feature
1116
00:56:03,290 --> 00:56:09,800
much more I
1117
00:56:05,720 --> 00:56:13,940
much more I don't mean to say dominant
1118
00:56:09,800 --> 00:56:18,349
but in a much more forceful way in in in
1119
00:56:13,940 --> 00:56:20,690
in humanist scholarship because because
1120
00:56:18,349 --> 00:56:23,359
we tend to forget how important it was
1121
00:56:20,690 --> 00:56:24,890
so so this is unfortunately we're
1122
00:56:23,359 --> 00:56:27,470
running out of time but this is
1123
00:56:24,890 --> 00:56:31,640
something that that was really one one
1124
00:56:27,470 --> 00:56:35,290
of my major major concerns and Africa
1125
00:56:31,640 --> 00:56:38,810
I think Alfred Hyatt know the book on
1126
00:56:35,290 --> 00:56:44,030
Africa if I'm not mistaken I would
1127
00:56:38,810 --> 00:56:46,730
redirect the person on - to - to Alfred
1128
00:56:44,030 --> 00:56:52,270
Hyatts book and not be happy - and also
1129
00:56:46,730 --> 00:56:54,260
a bibliographical reference to that
1130
00:56:52,270 --> 00:56:57,590
thank you so much
1131
00:56:54,260 --> 00:57:01,490
I want to thank you Katrina for such an
1132
00:56:57,590 --> 00:57:05,390
excellent presentation and the audience
1133
00:57:01,490 --> 00:57:07,820
for their wonderful questions and I hope
1134
00:57:05,390 --> 00:57:10,190
to invite you back in the future to talk
1135
00:57:07,820 --> 00:57:11,180
about your new projects as well but
1136
00:57:10,190 --> 00:57:14,390
thank you for today
1137
00:57:11,180 --> 00:57:16,400
and thank you all for joining us and
1138
00:57:14,390 --> 00:57:17,510
hope to see you back at the center
1139
00:57:16,400 --> 00:57:22,089
another time
1140
00:57:17,510 --> 00:57:22,089
Thank You Katrina thank you very much