WEBVTT

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Language: en

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good<00:00:00.640> morning<00:00:01.120> good<00:00:01.360> afternoon<00:00:02.000> and<00:00:02.159> good

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good morning good afternoon and good

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good morning good afternoon and good

evening

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evening

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evening

no<00:00:03.439> matter<00:00:03.679> where<00:00:03.840> you<00:00:04.080> are<00:00:04.160> located<00:00:04.640> in<00:00:04.799> the

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no matter where you are located in the

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no matter where you are located in the

world<00:00:05.200> the<00:00:05.359> ucla<00:00:06.000> center<00:00:06.240> for<00:00:06.399> middle<00:00:06.720> east

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world the ucla center for middle east

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world the ucla center for middle east

development

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development

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development

would<00:00:07.839> like<00:00:08.000> to<00:00:08.160> welcome<00:00:08.480> you<00:00:08.639> back<00:00:08.880> for<00:00:09.040> our

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would like to welcome you back for our

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would like to welcome you back for our

second<00:00:09.599> edition<00:00:10.320> of<00:00:10.480> cmed<00:00:10.960> chats

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second edition of cmed chats

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second edition of cmed chats

my<00:00:12.000> name<00:00:12.240> is<00:00:12.400> salome<00:00:12.880> mahaja<00:00:13.679> i<00:00:13.840> am<00:00:14.000> c-med's

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my name is salome mahaja i am c-med's

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my name is salome mahaja i am c-med's

project<00:00:14.799> manager<00:00:15.280> and<00:00:15.440> so<00:00:15.679> very<00:00:15.920> excited<00:00:16.320> to

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project manager and so very excited to

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project manager and so very excited to

have<00:00:16.640> you<00:00:16.800> here<00:00:16.960> with<00:00:17.199> us<00:00:17.440> today

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have you here with us today

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have you here with us today

as<00:00:18.880> you<00:00:19.039> may<00:00:19.279> know<00:00:19.840> cmedchat's<00:00:20.640> project<00:00:21.119> will

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as you may know cmedchat's project will

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as you may know cmedchat's project will

engage<00:00:21.600> charismatic<00:00:22.240> guests<00:00:22.720> who<00:00:22.800> are<00:00:22.960> from

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engage charismatic guests who are from

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engage charismatic guests who are from

the<00:00:23.279> middle<00:00:23.600> east<00:00:23.840> and<00:00:24.000> north<00:00:24.320> africa

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the middle east and north africa

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the middle east and north africa

or<00:00:25.439> who<00:00:25.599> are<00:00:25.760> connected<00:00:26.160> to<00:00:26.320> the<00:00:26.400> region<00:00:26.800> in

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or who are connected to the region in

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or who are connected to the region in

some<00:00:27.199> capacity

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some capacity

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some capacity

we<00:00:28.720> plan<00:00:28.960> to<00:00:29.119> bring<00:00:29.359> you<00:00:29.599> anyone<00:00:30.000> from

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we plan to bring you anyone from

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we plan to bring you anyone from

diplomats<00:00:31.039> activists<00:00:31.760> journalists

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diplomats activists journalists

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diplomats activists journalists

and<00:00:32.640> policymakers<00:00:33.920> to<00:00:34.160> artists<00:00:34.800> musicians

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and policymakers to artists musicians

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and policymakers to artists musicians

filmmakers<00:00:36.320> and<00:00:36.559> many<00:00:36.800> more<00:00:37.120> guests<00:00:37.760> who<00:00:38.000> can

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filmmakers and many more guests who can

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filmmakers and many more guests who can

help<00:00:38.399> us<00:00:38.559> dig<00:00:38.800> deeper<00:00:39.200> into<00:00:39.440> an<00:00:39.680> often

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help us dig deeper into an often

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help us dig deeper into an often

misunderstood<00:00:41.200> complex<00:00:41.760> part<00:00:42.000> of<00:00:42.079> the<00:00:42.160> world

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misunderstood complex part of the world

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misunderstood complex part of the world

our<00:00:43.440> hosts<00:00:43.760> and<00:00:43.920> guests<00:00:44.239> will<00:00:44.399> sit<00:00:44.640> down<00:00:44.879> for

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our hosts and guests will sit down for

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our hosts and guests will sit down for

one-on-one<00:00:45.760> casual<00:00:46.160> chats<00:00:46.480> for<00:00:46.640> at<00:00:46.800> least<00:00:47.039> 30

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one-on-one casual chats for at least 30

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one-on-one casual chats for at least 30

minutes

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minutes

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minutes

they<00:00:48.160> will<00:00:48.399> cover<00:00:48.719> a<00:00:48.879> variety<00:00:49.360> of<00:00:49.520> topics<00:00:50.079> and

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they will cover a variety of topics and

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they will cover a variety of topics and

highlight<00:00:50.719> the<00:00:50.879> many<00:00:51.199> diverse<00:00:51.680> voices

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highlight the many diverse voices

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highlight the many diverse voices

and<00:00:52.879> realities<00:00:53.520> that<00:00:53.760> enrich<00:00:54.160> the<00:00:54.320> colorful

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and realities that enrich the colorful

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and realities that enrich the colorful

region<00:00:55.440> we<00:00:55.680> lovingly<00:00:56.160> know<00:00:56.399> as<00:00:56.840> mina

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region we lovingly know as mina

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region we lovingly know as mina

all<00:00:58.640> cement<00:00:59.120> chats<00:00:59.520> episodes<00:01:00.320> will<00:01:00.559> be

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all cement chats episodes will be

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all cement chats episodes will be

recorded<00:01:01.280> live<00:01:01.600> and<00:01:01.760> can<00:01:02.079> be<00:01:02.239> viewed<00:01:02.559> on

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recorded live and can be viewed on

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recorded live and can be viewed on

cmed's<00:01:03.199> website

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cmed's website

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cmed's website

or<00:01:04.159> youtube<00:01:04.559> page<00:01:04.799> within<00:01:05.199> 24<00:01:05.760> hours<00:01:06.080> of<00:01:06.159> this

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or youtube page within 24 hours of this

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or youtube page within 24 hours of this

broadcast

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broadcast

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broadcast

we<00:01:08.000> will<00:01:08.159> not<00:01:08.320> be<00:01:08.479> accepting<00:01:09.040> audience

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we will not be accepting audience

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we will not be accepting audience

questions<00:01:10.000> for<00:01:10.320> our<00:01:10.560> live<00:01:10.880> guests

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questions for our live guests

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questions for our live guests

however<00:01:12.320> if<00:01:12.479> you<00:01:12.640> have<00:01:12.880> any<00:01:13.119> logistics

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however if you have any logistics

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however if you have any logistics

questions<00:01:14.479> feel<00:01:14.720> free<00:01:14.880> to<00:01:15.040> let<00:01:15.280> us<00:01:15.439> know<00:01:15.680> in

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questions feel free to let us know in

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questions feel free to let us know in

the<00:01:15.920> q

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the q

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the q

a<00:01:16.720> window<00:01:17.360> located<00:01:17.920> at<00:01:18.000> the<00:01:18.080> bottom<00:01:18.479> of<00:01:18.640> your

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a window located at the bottom of your

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a window located at the bottom of your

screen

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screen

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screen

we<00:01:19.759> will<00:01:19.920> do<00:01:20.159> our<00:01:20.320> best<00:01:20.880> to<00:01:21.119> address<00:01:21.600> all<00:01:21.840> of

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we will do our best to address all of

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we will do our best to address all of

your<00:01:22.159> queries

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your queries

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your queries

and<00:01:23.600> without<00:01:24.000> further<00:01:24.320> ado<00:01:24.640> i<00:01:24.720> will<00:01:24.960> pass<00:01:25.200> the

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and without further ado i will pass the

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and without further ado i will pass the

microphone<00:01:25.920> to<00:01:26.080> cmed's<00:01:26.560> fearless<00:01:26.960> leader

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microphone to cmed's fearless leader

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microphone to cmed's fearless leader

professor<00:01:27.840> steven<00:01:28.240> spiegel

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professor steven spiegel

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professor steven spiegel

a<00:01:29.280> man<00:01:29.520> who<00:01:29.680> has<00:01:29.840> dedicated<00:01:30.400> his<00:01:30.640> entire<00:01:31.040> life

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a man who has dedicated his entire life

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a man who has dedicated his entire life

to<00:01:31.520> the<00:01:31.680> betterment<00:01:32.079> of<00:01:32.159> the<00:01:32.320> region

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to the betterment of the region

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to the betterment of the region

and<00:01:33.040> who<00:01:33.280> is<00:01:33.360> highly<00:01:33.759> regarded<00:01:34.320> in<00:01:34.400> the<00:01:34.560> world

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and who is highly regarded in the world

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and who is highly regarded in the world

of<00:01:34.880> middle<00:01:35.200> east<00:01:35.360> thinkers

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of middle east thinkers

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of middle east thinkers

peace<00:01:36.560> creators<00:01:37.439> and<00:01:37.759> policy<00:01:38.240> makers<00:01:39.119> steve

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peace creators and policy makers steve

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peace creators and policy makers steve

take<00:01:39.840> it<00:01:39.920> away

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take it away

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take it away

thank<00:01:42.240> you<00:01:42.479> salam<00:01:44.960> well

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thank you salam well

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thank you salam well

uh<00:01:46.399> uh<00:01:46.799> i<00:01:46.960> want<00:01:47.200> to<00:01:47.520> say<00:01:47.759> hello<00:01:48.079> to<00:01:48.240> everyone

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uh uh i want to say hello to everyone

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uh uh i want to say hello to everyone

from<00:01:48.880> around<00:01:49.280> the<00:01:49.439> world

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from around the world

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from around the world

literally<00:01:51.280> uh<00:01:51.840> today<00:01:52.320> we<00:01:52.720> really<00:01:53.200> have<00:01:53.920> a

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literally uh today we really have a

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literally uh today we really have a

very<00:01:55.280> special<00:01:56.719> uh

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very special uh

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very special uh

treat<00:01:59.360> for<00:01:59.680> all<00:01:59.920> of<00:02:00.079> us

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treat for all of us

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treat for all of us

i'll<00:02:02.560> be<00:02:02.799> sitting<00:02:03.200> down

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i'll be sitting down

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i'll be sitting down

with<00:02:06.240> the<00:02:06.960> uh<00:02:07.520> well-known

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with the uh well-known

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with the uh well-known

famous<00:02:09.679> and<00:02:10.319> highly<00:02:10.800> regarded

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famous and highly regarded

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famous and highly regarded

uh<00:02:12.319> robin<00:02:12.720> wright<00:02:13.599> who<00:02:14.000> uh<00:02:14.640> is<00:02:14.800> of<00:02:14.959> course

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uh robin wright who uh is of course

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uh robin wright who uh is of course

a<00:02:16.160> long-time<00:02:16.959> cmed<00:02:17.440> friend<00:02:17.920> internationally

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a long-time cmed friend internationally

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a long-time cmed friend internationally

renowned<00:02:20.840> international<00:02:21.760> uh<00:02:22.560> a

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renowned international uh a

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renowned international uh a

journalist<00:02:24.879> and<00:02:25.040> we'll<00:02:25.280> be<00:02:25.440> discussing<00:02:26.000> her

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journalist and we'll be discussing her

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journalist and we'll be discussing her

remarkable<00:02:26.959> experiences<00:02:27.599> from<00:02:27.760> the<00:02:27.840> field

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remarkable experiences from the field

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remarkable experiences from the field

and<00:02:28.319> perspectives<00:02:28.879> on<00:02:29.040> recent

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and perspectives on recent

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and perspectives on recent

middle<00:02:30.080> east<00:02:30.640> affairs<00:02:31.599> i<00:02:31.760> have<00:02:31.920> to<00:02:32.080> ask

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middle east affairs i have to ask

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middle east affairs i have to ask

because<00:02:32.800> of<00:02:32.959> something<00:02:33.360> i

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because of something i

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because of something i

see<00:02:34.400> are<00:02:34.560> we<00:02:34.800> all<00:02:35.040> set<00:02:35.599> uh

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see are we all set uh

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see are we all set uh

and<00:02:37.280> can<00:02:37.440> everybody<00:02:37.920> see<00:02:38.080> everything<00:02:38.640> they

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and can everybody see everything they

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and can everybody see everything they

need<00:02:39.440> to<00:02:39.599> see

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need to see

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need to see

salome<00:02:42.319> yes<00:02:42.720> we<00:02:42.879> can<00:02:43.040> see<00:02:43.200> everything<00:02:43.599> steve

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great<00:02:48.720> so<00:02:49.680> robin<00:02:50.080> wright<00:02:50.480> is<00:02:50.720> a<00:02:50.800> senior<00:02:51.200> fellow

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great so robin wright is a senior fellow

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great so robin wright is a senior fellow

at<00:02:52.160> the<00:02:52.319> us<00:02:52.720> institute<00:02:53.280> of<00:02:53.440> peace<00:02:53.760> and<00:02:53.920> the

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at the us institute of peace and the

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at the us institute of peace and the

woodrow<00:02:54.319> wilson<00:02:54.720> center

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woodrow wilson center

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woodrow wilson center

she<00:02:55.920> has<00:02:56.160> report<00:02:56.879> reported<00:02:57.599> from<00:02:58.000> more<00:02:58.239> than

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she has report reported from more than

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she has report reported from more than

140<00:02:59.599> countries

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140 countries

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140 countries

for<00:03:01.360> uh<00:03:02.000> the<00:03:02.159> new<00:03:02.319> yorker<00:03:02.720> the<00:03:02.879> washington

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for uh the new yorker the washington

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for uh the new yorker the washington

post<00:03:03.840> time

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post time

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post time

the<00:03:04.800> new<00:03:04.959> york<00:03:05.200> times<00:03:05.519> magazine<00:03:06.000> and<00:03:06.080> the<00:03:06.159> los

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the new york times magazine and the los

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the new york times magazine and the los

angeles<00:03:06.879> times<00:03:07.120> among<00:03:07.440> others

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angeles times among others

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angeles times among others

uh<00:03:08.959> she<00:03:09.200> has<00:03:09.440> also<00:03:09.680> been<00:03:09.920> a<00:03:10.000> fellow<00:03:10.239> with<00:03:10.400> the

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uh she has also been a fellow with the

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uh she has also been a fellow with the

brookings<00:03:10.959> institution<00:03:11.519> the<00:03:11.680> carnegie

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brookings institution the carnegie

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brookings institution the carnegie

endowment<00:03:12.560> for<00:03:12.640> international<00:03:13.200> peace

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endowment for international peace

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endowment for international peace

yale<00:03:14.239> duke<00:03:14.560> stanford<00:03:15.120> dartmouth<00:03:16.080> and<00:03:16.800> my

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yale duke stanford dartmouth and my

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yale duke stanford dartmouth and my

notes<00:03:17.280> say<00:03:17.440> the<00:03:17.519> university<00:03:17.920> of<00:03:18.000> california<00:03:18.560> i

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notes say the university of california i

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notes say the university of california i

assume<00:03:18.959> that's

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assume that's

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assume that's

berkeley<00:03:20.319> uh<00:03:20.720> she<00:03:21.040> has<00:03:21.280> received<00:03:21.760> numerous

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berkeley uh she has received numerous

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berkeley uh she has received numerous

awards<00:03:23.200> for<00:03:23.360> her<00:03:23.599> work<00:03:23.840> including<00:03:24.319> the<00:03:24.480> u.n

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awards for her work including the u.n

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awards for her work including the u.n

correspondents<00:03:26.000> association<00:03:26.879> gold<00:03:27.120> medal

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correspondents association gold medal

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correspondents association gold medal

for<00:03:27.599> international<00:03:28.080> affairs

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for international affairs

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for international affairs

the<00:03:28.959> national<00:03:29.440> magazine<00:03:29.920> award<00:03:30.319> for<00:03:30.720> iran

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the national magazine award for iran

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the national magazine award for iran

reportage

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reportage

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reportage

and<00:03:32.799> the<00:03:33.040> overseas<00:03:33.760> press<00:03:34.480> club<00:03:34.799> award<00:03:35.280> for

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and the overseas press club award for

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and the overseas press club award for

her<00:03:35.599> coverage<00:03:36.080> of<00:03:36.319> african

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her coverage of african

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her coverage of african

wars<00:03:38.560> uh<00:03:39.519> she<00:03:39.760> has<00:03:39.920> also<00:03:40.239> authored

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wars uh she has also authored

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wars uh she has also authored

eight<00:03:41.519> books<00:03:41.920> and<00:03:42.159> uh<00:03:42.319> many<00:03:42.560> of<00:03:42.640> you<00:03:42.799> know<00:03:43.040> her

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eight books and uh many of you know her

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eight books and uh many of you know her

uh

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uh

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uh

from<00:03:44.560> seeing<00:03:44.879> her<00:03:45.680> on<00:03:46.319> uh<00:03:47.040> uh<00:03:47.360> on

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from seeing her on uh uh on

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from seeing her on uh uh on

television<00:03:48.720> uh<00:03:49.040> news<00:03:49.360> reports<00:03:50.319> and<00:03:50.400> they're

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television uh news reports and they're

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television uh news reports and they're

like

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like

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like

so<00:03:52.000> my<00:03:52.239> first<00:03:52.640> question<00:03:53.760> which<00:03:54.000> was

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so my first question which was

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so my first question which was

reinforced<00:03:54.799> by<00:03:54.959> a<00:03:55.519> short<00:03:55.760> discussion<00:03:56.239> we<00:03:56.400> had

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reinforced by a short discussion we had

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reinforced by a short discussion we had

a<00:03:56.640> few<00:03:56.799> minutes<00:03:57.120> ago

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a few minutes ago

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a few minutes ago

is<00:03:59.040> uh<00:04:00.480> how<00:04:00.720> did

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is uh how did

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is uh how did

robin<00:04:02.319> wright<00:04:02.720> become<00:04:03.680> robin<00:04:04.400> right<00:04:04.799> i<00:04:04.879> have

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robin wright become robin right i have

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robin wright become robin right i have

some<00:04:05.200> thoughts<00:04:05.439> about<00:04:05.680> this<00:04:05.920> myself<00:04:06.400> but<00:04:06.560> i'd

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some thoughts about this myself but i'd

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some thoughts about this myself but i'd

like<00:04:06.799> to<00:04:06.959> hear<00:04:07.120> from<00:04:07.280> her

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like to hear from her

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like to hear from her

so<00:04:09.120> how<00:04:10.000> uh<00:04:10.799> did<00:04:10.959> you<00:04:11.200> become<00:04:11.680> a<00:04:11.840> world<00:04:12.159> famous

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so how uh did you become a world famous

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so how uh did you become a world famous

and<00:04:13.439> fantastic<00:04:14.319> reporter

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and fantastic reporter

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and fantastic reporter

writer<00:04:17.440> speaker<00:04:18.799> uh

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writer speaker uh

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writer speaker uh

and<00:04:20.079> beloved<00:04:20.639> by<00:04:20.880> so<00:04:21.120> many<00:04:22.479> uh

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and beloved by so many uh

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and beloved by so many uh

it's<00:04:23.600> a<00:04:23.680> big<00:04:23.919> question<00:04:24.400> but<00:04:24.639> first<00:04:24.880> let<00:04:25.040> me<00:04:25.199> say

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it's a big question but first let me say

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it's a big question but first let me say

what<00:04:25.520> an<00:04:25.759> honor<00:04:26.000> it<00:04:26.160> is<00:04:26.240> to<00:04:26.320> be<00:04:26.479> with<00:04:26.720> you<00:04:26.880> steve

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what an honor it is to be with you steve

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what an honor it is to be with you steve

uh<00:04:27.840> so<00:04:28.080> many<00:04:28.400> in<00:04:28.560> the<00:04:28.800> around<00:04:29.120> the<00:04:29.280> world<00:04:30.080> uh<00:04:30.400> so

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uh so many in the around the world uh so

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uh so many in the around the world uh so

deeply<00:04:31.120> appreciate<00:04:31.759> all<00:04:32.000> you've<00:04:32.240> done<00:04:32.479> to

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deeply appreciate all you've done to

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deeply appreciate all you've done to

foster<00:04:33.199> understanding<00:04:33.919> and<00:04:34.080> dialogue

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foster understanding and dialogue

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foster understanding and dialogue

among<00:04:35.360> diverse<00:04:35.840> people<00:04:36.320> and<00:04:36.479> even<00:04:36.800> rival

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among diverse people and even rival

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among diverse people and even rival

parties<00:04:38.000> uh<00:04:38.240> you<00:04:38.479> are

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parties uh you are

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parties uh you are

an<00:04:39.120> epic<00:04:39.919> contributor<00:04:40.800> to<00:04:40.960> peace

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an epic contributor to peace

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an epic contributor to peace

across<00:04:42.240> the<00:04:42.320> region<00:04:42.880> and<00:04:43.440> and<00:04:43.600> the<00:04:43.680> kinds<00:04:44.000> of

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across the region and and the kinds of

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across the region and and the kinds of

things<00:04:44.479> that

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things that

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things that

i<00:04:45.680> as<00:04:45.840> a<00:04:45.919> journalist<00:04:46.479> have<00:04:46.639> always<00:04:46.800> believed

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i as a journalist have always believed

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i as a journalist have always believed

in<00:04:47.360> so<00:04:47.600> i'm<00:04:47.680> honored<00:04:48.080> to<00:04:48.160> be<00:04:48.320> with<00:04:48.479> you

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in so i'm honored to be with you

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in so i'm honored to be with you

um<00:04:50.000> when<00:04:50.240> it<00:04:50.320> comes<00:04:50.560> to<00:04:50.639> your<00:04:50.800> question<00:04:51.840> life

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um when it comes to your question life

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um when it comes to your question life

is<00:04:52.320> a<00:04:52.479> set

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is a set

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is a set

it<00:04:53.600> is<00:04:53.759> a<00:04:53.919> set<00:04:54.240> of<00:04:54.720> kind<00:04:54.960> of<00:04:55.120> coincidences

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it is a set of kind of coincidences

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it is a set of kind of coincidences

as<00:04:57.600> uh<00:04:58.720> i<00:04:58.960> am<00:04:59.440> the<00:04:59.600> daughter

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as uh i am the daughter

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as uh i am the daughter

of<00:05:00.720> a<00:05:01.199> law<00:05:01.440> professor<00:05:02.080> and<00:05:02.320> sports<00:05:02.720> fanatic

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of a law professor and sports fanatic

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of a law professor and sports fanatic

who<00:05:04.080> desperately<00:05:05.440> wanted<00:05:05.759> to<00:05:06.000> son<00:05:06.479> but

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who desperately wanted to son but

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who desperately wanted to son but

got<00:05:07.120> stuck<00:05:07.440> with<00:05:07.600> girls<00:05:08.400> and<00:05:08.639> i<00:05:08.880> as<00:05:09.039> the<00:05:09.199> oldest

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got stuck with girls and i as the oldest

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got stuck with girls and i as the oldest

child

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child

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child

was<00:05:10.240> the<00:05:10.400> one<00:05:10.720> who<00:05:10.880> was<00:05:11.759> schlepped<00:05:12.240> to<00:05:12.400> every

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was the one who was schlepped to every

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was the one who was schlepped to every

sports<00:05:13.039> event<00:05:13.360> at<00:05:13.440> the<00:05:13.600> university<00:05:14.160> of

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sports event at the university of

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sports event at the university of

michigan

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michigan

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michigan

and<00:05:15.680> so<00:05:15.840> when<00:05:16.080> i<00:05:16.240> ended<00:05:16.479> up<00:05:16.639> at<00:05:16.720> michigan<00:05:17.199> in

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and so when i ended up at michigan in

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and so when i ended up at michigan in

college<00:05:18.240> i<00:05:18.400> decided<00:05:18.880> to<00:05:19.039> play<00:05:19.199> a<00:05:19.360> prank<00:05:19.680> on<00:05:19.840> my

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college i decided to play a prank on my

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college i decided to play a prank on my

father

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father

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father

and<00:05:21.919> that<00:05:22.160> i<00:05:22.320> would<00:05:22.800> go<00:05:23.039> to<00:05:23.199> the<00:05:23.440> student<00:05:23.919> paper

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and that i would go to the student paper

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and that i would go to the student paper

and<00:05:25.039> i<00:05:25.199> would<00:05:25.360> write<00:05:25.759> one<00:05:26.080> piece<00:05:26.400> on<00:05:26.639> sports<00:05:27.120> to

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and i would write one piece on sports to

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and i would write one piece on sports to

surprise<00:05:27.759> him

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surprise him

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surprise him

and<00:05:29.520> the<00:05:29.680> irony<00:05:30.320> is<00:05:30.639> that<00:05:30.960> one<00:05:31.280> piece

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and the irony is that one piece

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and the irony is that one piece

led<00:05:32.720> to<00:05:32.880> a<00:05:33.039> love<00:05:33.440> of<00:05:34.160> journalism

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led to a love of journalism

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led to a love of journalism

and<00:05:35.680> i<00:05:35.919> became<00:05:36.320> the<00:05:36.479> first<00:05:36.960> female<00:05:37.440> sports

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and i became the first female sports

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and i became the first female sports

editor<00:05:38.320> of<00:05:38.560> a<00:05:38.639> student<00:05:39.039> paper

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editor of a student paper

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editor of a student paper

in<00:05:39.680> this<00:05:39.840> country<00:05:41.520> and<00:05:41.680> i<00:05:41.759> didn't<00:05:42.000> really

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in this country and i didn't really

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in this country and i didn't really

intend<00:05:42.720> to<00:05:42.960> become<00:05:43.280> a<00:05:43.360> journalist<00:05:43.840> i'm<00:05:44.000> a

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intend to become a journalist i'm a

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intend to become a journalist i'm a

history<00:05:44.800> major<00:05:45.680> but<00:05:46.720> i<00:05:46.880> got<00:05:47.120> summer<00:05:47.440> jobs

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history major but i got summer jobs

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history major but i got summer jobs

internships<00:05:48.880> on<00:05:49.120> papers<00:05:49.600> and<00:05:50.000> one<00:05:50.160> thing

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internships on papers and one thing

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internships on papers and one thing

turned<00:05:50.639> to<00:05:50.840> another

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turned to another

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turned to another

and<00:05:52.160> i<00:05:52.240> ended<00:05:52.560> up<00:05:52.639> in<00:05:52.720> the<00:05:52.800> middle<00:05:53.120> east

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and i ended up in the middle east

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and i ended up in the middle east

because

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because

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because

one<00:05:55.360> of<00:05:55.440> my<00:05:55.680> early<00:05:56.000> assignments<00:05:56.800> was<00:05:57.120> to<00:05:57.199> go<00:05:57.360> to

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one of my early assignments was to go to

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one of my early assignments was to go to

iran<00:05:58.000> in<00:05:58.280> 1973

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iran in 1973

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iran in 1973

and<00:06:02.000> all<00:06:02.240> route<00:06:02.479> there<00:06:02.720> i<00:06:02.880> had<00:06:02.960> to<00:06:03.120> stop<00:06:03.360> in

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and all route there i had to stop in

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and all route there i had to stop in

beirut<00:06:04.080> and<00:06:04.240> i<00:06:04.479> landed

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beirut and i landed

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beirut and i landed

on<00:06:05.199> october<00:06:05.680> 6<00:06:06.199> 1973<00:06:07.280> which<00:06:07.680> you<00:06:07.919> steve<00:06:08.319> will

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on october 6 1973 which you steve will

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on october 6 1973 which you steve will

recognize

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recognize

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recognize

uh<00:06:11.199> the<00:06:11.759> when<00:06:11.919> i<00:06:12.000> got<00:06:12.240> off<00:06:12.479> the<00:06:12.639> plane<00:06:13.120> a<00:06:13.280> woman

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uh the when i got off the plane a woman

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uh the when i got off the plane a woman

next<00:06:13.759> to<00:06:13.919> me<00:06:14.160> said

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next to me said

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next to me said

the<00:06:15.039> egyptians<00:06:15.680> have<00:06:15.840> just<00:06:16.160> crossed<00:06:16.639> the<00:06:16.800> suez

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the egyptians have just crossed the suez

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the egyptians have just crossed the suez

canal

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canal

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canal

and<00:06:19.520> the<00:06:19.680> war<00:06:20.080> had<00:06:20.319> started

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and the war had started

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and the war had started

so<00:06:23.039> i've<00:06:23.199> been<00:06:23.440> sucked<00:06:23.680> into<00:06:23.919> the<00:06:24.000> middle<00:06:24.319> east

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so i've been sucked into the middle east

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so i've been sucked into the middle east

now<00:06:25.120> for

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now for

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now for

almost<00:06:26.080> 50<00:06:26.400> years

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wow

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wow

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wow

right<00:06:34.800> so<00:06:35.520> uh<00:06:36.080> let's<00:06:36.319> go<00:06:36.720> on<00:06:37.360> with<00:06:37.600> this

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right so uh let's go on with this

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right so uh let's go on with this

uh<00:06:39.280> you've<00:06:39.919> analyzed<00:06:40.560> or<00:06:40.800> been<00:06:41.039> in<00:06:41.280> 140

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uh you've analyzed or been in 140

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uh you've analyzed or been in 140

countries<00:06:42.560> on<00:06:42.720> seven<00:06:43.039> continents

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countries on seven continents

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countries on seven continents

and<00:06:44.720> of<00:06:44.800> course<00:06:45.039> your<00:06:45.360> articles<00:06:46.080> uh<00:06:46.800> for<00:06:46.960> the

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and of course your articles uh for the

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and of course your articles uh for the

new<00:06:47.360> yorker<00:06:47.759> are

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new yorker are

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new yorker are

famous<00:06:48.400> and<00:06:48.560> followed<00:06:48.880> so<00:06:49.120> closely<00:06:49.599> of<00:06:49.759> all

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famous and followed so closely of all

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famous and followed so closely of all

the<00:06:50.080> crises<00:06:50.960> you've<00:06:51.280> experienced

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the crises you've experienced

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the crises you've experienced

which<00:06:52.560> have<00:06:52.639> been<00:06:52.800> the<00:06:52.960> most<00:06:53.199> difficult<00:06:53.599> to

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which have been the most difficult to

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which have been the most difficult to

handle<00:06:54.400> and<00:06:54.560> which<00:06:55.120> the<00:06:55.360> easiest

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so<00:06:59.680> i'll<00:07:00.000> surprise<00:07:00.400> you<00:07:00.560> with<00:07:00.800> my<00:07:00.960> answer

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so i'll surprise you with my answer

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so i'll surprise you with my answer

a<00:07:03.039> year<00:07:03.280> and<00:07:03.360> a<00:07:03.440> half<00:07:03.680> ago<00:07:03.919> i<00:07:04.080> went<00:07:04.240> to

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a year and a half ago i went to

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a year and a half ago i went to

antarctica

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antarctica

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antarctica

and<00:07:07.199> and<00:07:07.360> it<00:07:07.520> was<00:07:07.680> my<00:07:07.840> seventh<00:07:08.240> continent

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and and it was my seventh continent

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and and it was my seventh continent

and<00:07:10.240> it<00:07:10.400> was<00:07:10.880> in<00:07:11.120> many<00:07:11.360> ways<00:07:11.599> the<00:07:11.759> most

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and it was in many ways the most

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and it was in many ways the most

profound<00:07:12.479> experience<00:07:13.039> of<00:07:13.199> my<00:07:13.440> life

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profound experience of my life

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profound experience of my life

because<00:07:14.800> i<00:07:14.960> began<00:07:15.599> to<00:07:15.840> fully<00:07:16.319> grasp<00:07:16.960> the<00:07:17.199> scope

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because i began to fully grasp the scope

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because i began to fully grasp the scope

of<00:07:18.319> earth's<00:07:18.800> challenges<00:07:20.479> and

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of earth's challenges and

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of earth's challenges and

you<00:07:21.520> know<00:07:21.759> the<00:07:22.000> war<00:07:23.759> between<00:07:24.160> the<00:07:24.240> human

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you know the war between the human

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you know the war between the human

species

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species

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species

and<00:07:26.400> mother<00:07:26.720> nature<00:07:28.000> is<00:07:28.400> arguably<00:07:29.039> the<00:07:29.199> one

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and mother nature is arguably the one

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and mother nature is arguably the one

that<00:07:29.759> is<00:07:29.919> the<00:07:30.000> most<00:07:30.319> important<00:07:30.720> of<00:07:30.800> my

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that is the most important of my

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that is the most important of my

lifetime

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lifetime

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lifetime

and<00:07:32.319> the<00:07:32.479> one<00:07:32.960> that<00:07:33.199> is<00:07:33.599> enduring<00:07:34.639> and<00:07:34.800> that

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and the one that is enduring and that

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and the one that is enduring and that

will<00:07:35.199> affect<00:07:35.520> humanity<00:07:36.080> the<00:07:36.240> most<00:07:36.479> of<00:07:36.639> all

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will affect humanity the most of all

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will affect humanity the most of all

in<00:07:38.080> terms<00:07:38.560> of<00:07:38.800> the<00:07:38.960> kind<00:07:39.199> of<00:07:39.360> conflicts<00:07:39.919> i've

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in terms of the kind of conflicts i've

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in terms of the kind of conflicts i've

covered

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covered

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covered

you<00:07:41.280> know<00:07:41.520> there<00:07:41.680> have<00:07:41.759> been<00:07:42.319> many<00:07:42.639> hair

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you know there have been many hair

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you know there have been many hair

raising<00:07:43.520> moments

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raising moments

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raising moments

when<00:07:44.560> i<00:07:44.639> go<00:07:44.879> to<00:07:44.960> cover<00:07:45.280> a<00:07:45.440> war<00:07:45.840> i<00:07:46.000> don't<00:07:46.240> embed

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when i go to cover a war i don't embed

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when i go to cover a war i don't embed

with<00:07:46.720> american<00:07:47.199> troops

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with american troops

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with american troops

i<00:07:48.319> go<00:07:48.479> to<00:07:48.639> live<00:07:48.879> on<00:07:48.960> the<00:07:49.039> ground<00:07:49.680> with<00:07:49.919> those

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i go to live on the ground with those

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i go to live on the ground with those

who<00:07:50.800> are<00:07:50.960> experiencing<00:07:51.680> war

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who are experiencing war

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who are experiencing war

and<00:07:53.599> for<00:07:53.759> example<00:07:54.160> i<00:07:54.319> lived<00:07:54.560> in<00:07:54.639> beirut<00:07:55.120> for

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and for example i lived in beirut for

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and for example i lived in beirut for

five<00:07:55.599> years<00:07:55.919> during<00:07:56.160> the<00:07:56.319> civil<00:07:56.639> war<00:07:56.960> the<00:07:57.120> rise

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five years during the civil war the rise

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five years during the civil war the rise

of<00:07:57.599> ebola

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of ebola

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of ebola

the<00:07:58.560> israeli<00:07:59.120> invasion<00:08:00.800> when

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the israeli invasion when

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the israeli invasion when

the<00:08:01.680> very<00:08:01.919> first<00:08:02.160> suicide<00:08:02.720> bombs<00:08:03.120> went<00:08:03.360> off<00:08:03.759> at

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the very first suicide bombs went off at

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the very first suicide bombs went off at

the<00:08:04.080> american<00:08:04.560> embassy

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the american embassy

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the american embassy

and<00:08:05.360> at<00:08:05.440> the<00:08:05.599> marine<00:08:06.000> compound<00:08:08.000> which<00:08:08.240> caused

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and at the marine compound which caused

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and at the marine compound which caused

the<00:08:08.720> largest<00:08:09.199> loss<00:08:09.520> of<00:08:09.599> u.s<00:08:09.919> military<00:08:10.560> life<00:08:10.800> in

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the largest loss of u.s military life in

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the largest loss of u.s military life in

a<00:08:11.039> single<00:08:11.360> incident<00:08:11.759> since

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a single incident since

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a single incident since

iwo<00:08:12.400> jima<00:08:12.879> during<00:08:13.120> world<00:08:13.360> war<00:08:13.680> ii<00:08:14.639> um

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iwo jima during world war ii um

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iwo jima during world war ii um

so<00:08:16.080> they're<00:08:16.639> you<00:08:16.720> know<00:08:17.039> it<00:08:18.400> hair-raising

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so they're you know it hair-raising

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so they're you know it hair-raising

horrifying<00:08:20.560> on<00:08:20.800> multiple<00:08:21.199> levels<00:08:22.240> uh<00:08:22.639> i

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horrifying on multiple levels uh i

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horrifying on multiple levels uh i

covered

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covered

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covered

wars<00:08:24.720> in<00:08:24.879> africa<00:08:25.520> that<00:08:25.680> were<00:08:27.120> some<00:08:27.280> of<00:08:27.440> the

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wars in africa that were some of the

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wars in africa that were some of the

most<00:08:27.759> life-threatening<00:08:28.560> to<00:08:28.720> me

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most life-threatening to me

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most life-threatening to me

um<00:08:30.080> during<00:08:30.479> the<00:08:30.560> angolan<00:08:31.039> civil<00:08:31.360> war<00:08:32.320> i<00:08:32.560> went

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um during the angolan civil war i went

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um during the angolan civil war i went

in

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in

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in

uh<00:08:34.800> with<00:08:35.120> a<00:08:35.200> militia<00:08:35.680> group<00:08:36.240> backed<00:08:36.560> by<00:08:36.719> the

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uh with a militia group backed by the

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uh with a militia group backed by the

u.s

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u.s

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u.s

that<00:08:37.760> had<00:08:38.399> that<00:08:38.640> had<00:08:38.800> used<00:08:39.039> british

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that had that had used british

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that had that had used british

mercenaries

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mercenaries

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mercenaries

we<00:08:40.800> were<00:08:40.959> in<00:08:41.120> a<00:08:41.200> town<00:08:41.519> of<00:08:41.599> 350<00:08:42.479> people<00:08:43.519> and<00:08:43.680> the

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we were in a town of 350 people and the

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we were in a town of 350 people and the

cuban

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cuban

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cuban

troops<00:08:46.000> were<00:08:46.160> supporting<00:08:46.640> the<00:08:46.800> marxist

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troops were supporting the marxist

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troops were supporting the marxist

government<00:08:47.839> and<00:08:47.920> they<00:08:48.160> moved<00:08:48.480> into<00:08:48.720> the<00:08:48.880> town

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government and they moved into the town

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government and they moved into the town

and<00:08:50.640> the<00:08:51.040> everyone<00:08:51.440> the<00:08:51.600> only<00:08:51.760> way<00:08:52.080> out<00:08:52.240> was<00:08:52.480> to

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and the everyone the only way out was to

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and the everyone the only way out was to

get<00:08:54.000> one<00:08:54.240> little<00:08:54.560> boat<00:08:56.080> that<00:08:56.240> was<00:08:56.399> on

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get one little boat that was on

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get one little boat that was on

the<00:08:57.040> congo<00:08:57.440> river<00:08:58.160> to<00:08:59.440> cross

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the congo river to cross

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the congo river to cross

into<00:09:00.880> what<00:09:01.040> was<00:09:01.200> then<00:09:01.440> zaire<00:09:01.839> now<00:09:02.000> the<00:09:02.160> congo

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into what was then zaire now the congo

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into what was then zaire now the congo

and<00:09:03.200> out<00:09:03.360> of<00:09:03.440> 350<00:09:04.320> people<00:09:04.640> only<00:09:04.880> 22<00:09:05.360> of<00:09:05.519> us<00:09:05.600> made

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and out of 350 people only 22 of us made

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and out of 350 people only 22 of us made

it<00:09:06.000> out<00:09:06.080> alive

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it out alive

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it out alive

so<00:09:07.760> that<00:09:08.240> in<00:09:08.320> many<00:09:08.560> ways<00:09:08.880> was<00:09:09.120> the<00:09:09.200> most

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so that in many ways was the most

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so that in many ways was the most

hair-raising

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hair-raising

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hair-raising

i<00:09:10.800> think<00:09:11.040> one<00:09:11.200> of<00:09:11.279> the<00:09:11.360> most<00:09:11.680> moving<00:09:12.720> was

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i think one of the most moving was

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i think one of the most moving was

the<00:09:14.800> anti-apartheid<00:09:15.760> movement<00:09:16.160> being<00:09:16.399> in

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the anti-apartheid movement being in

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the anti-apartheid movement being in

south<00:09:16.800> africa

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south africa

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south africa

on<00:09:18.160> june<00:09:18.399> 16<00:09:19.000> 1976<00:09:20.000> which<00:09:20.240> was<00:09:20.399> the<00:09:20.560> day<00:09:20.800> of<00:09:20.880> the

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on june 16 1976 which was the day of the

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on june 16 1976 which was the day of the

first<00:09:21.279> black<00:09:21.519> mass<00:09:21.920> uprising

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first black mass uprising

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first black mass uprising

so<00:09:23.200> the<00:09:23.600> conflicts<00:09:24.080> play<00:09:24.320> out<00:09:24.480> in<00:09:24.640> different

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so the conflicts play out in different

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so the conflicts play out in different

ways<00:09:25.680> affects<00:09:26.000> humanity<00:09:26.560> in<00:09:26.640> different<00:09:26.959> ways

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ways affects humanity in different ways

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ways affects humanity in different ways

haven't

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haven't

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haven't

have<00:09:28.640> impacts<00:09:29.760> that<00:09:29.920> are<00:09:30.080> very<00:09:30.320> diverse

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so<00:09:33.920> it's<00:09:34.480> i<00:09:34.560> don't<00:09:34.800> have<00:09:34.959> a<00:09:35.120> favorite<00:09:35.440> war

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so it's i don't have a favorite war

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so it's i don't have a favorite war

i<00:09:36.560> did<00:09:36.880> stephen<00:09:37.200> colbert<00:09:37.680> once<00:09:38.080> twice<00:09:38.959> and

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i did stephen colbert once twice and

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i did stephen colbert once twice and

yeah<00:09:39.760> for<00:09:40.160> two<00:09:40.399> of<00:09:40.480> my<00:09:40.640> books<00:09:41.040> and<00:09:41.519> and<00:09:41.680> he<00:09:41.839> said

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yeah for two of my books and and he said

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yeah for two of my books and and he said

you've<00:09:42.160> covered<00:09:42.399> 12<00:09:42.720> 12<00:09:42.880> wars<00:09:43.120> which<00:09:43.360> is<00:09:43.440> your

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you've covered 12 12 wars which is your

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you've covered 12 12 wars which is your

favorite<00:09:44.080> and

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favorite and

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favorite and

you<00:09:44.800> know<00:09:45.440> um<00:09:46.480> i<00:09:46.720> said<00:09:47.200> i<00:09:47.360> guess<00:09:47.600> beirut

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you know um i said i guess beirut

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you know um i said i guess beirut

because<00:09:48.320> there<00:09:48.480> were<00:09:48.560> so<00:09:48.720> many<00:09:49.040> wars

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so<00:09:56.240> let's<00:09:56.560> turn<00:09:56.720> to<00:09:56.880> the<00:09:57.040> present

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so let's turn to the present

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so let's turn to the present

uh<00:09:58.880> although<00:09:59.120> we<00:09:59.279> can<00:09:59.440> get<00:09:59.680> back<00:10:00.720> to<00:10:01.120> many

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uh although we can get back to many

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uh although we can get back to many

uh<00:10:02.079> many<00:10:02.399> stories<00:10:03.360> and<00:10:03.760> um<00:10:04.560> we're<00:10:04.880> in

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uh many stories and um we're in

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uh many stories and um we're in

a<00:10:05.440> changing<00:10:06.000> america<00:10:07.200> uh<00:10:07.760> we've<00:10:08.000> had

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a changing america uh we've had

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a changing america uh we've had

two<00:10:08.800> very<00:10:09.120> distinct<00:10:09.600> presidents<00:10:10.320> in<00:10:10.480> the<00:10:10.640> last

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two very distinct presidents in the last

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two very distinct presidents in the last

uh

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uh

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uh

five<00:10:12.560> years<00:10:13.680> uh<00:10:14.480> and<00:10:14.720> do<00:10:14.880> you<00:10:15.040> think

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five years uh and do you think

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five years uh and do you think

a<00:10:16.480> lot<00:10:16.640> of<00:10:17.120> a<00:10:17.200> lot<00:10:17.360> of<00:10:17.519> conflict<00:10:18.000> on<00:10:18.079> this<00:10:18.160> but

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a lot of a lot of conflict on this but

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a lot of a lot of conflict on this but

do<00:10:18.480> you<00:10:18.720> do<00:10:18.800> you<00:10:18.959> think<00:10:19.200> that<00:10:19.360> the<00:10:19.600> region's

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do you do you think that the region's

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do you do you think that the region's

view

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view

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view

of<00:10:20.640> the<00:10:20.720> united<00:10:21.040> states<00:10:21.839> has<00:10:22.160> changed<00:10:22.720> and<00:10:23.040> if

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of the united states has changed and if

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of the united states has changed and if

so<00:10:23.440> how

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i<00:10:26.079> think<00:10:26.240> it's<00:10:26.399> changed<00:10:26.720> in<00:10:26.880> a<00:10:26.880> lot<00:10:27.040> of<00:10:27.200> ways<00:10:27.600> of

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i think it's changed in a lot of ways of

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i think it's changed in a lot of ways of

course<00:10:27.920> the<00:10:28.079> region<00:10:28.480> has<00:10:28.640> so<00:10:28.800> many<00:10:29.120> different

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course the region has so many different

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course the region has so many different

people

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people

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people

it<00:10:31.519> does<00:10:32.320> and<00:10:34.160> uh<00:10:34.480> i<00:10:34.640> think

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it does and uh i think

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it does and uh i think

but<00:10:35.360> i<00:10:35.440> think<00:10:35.519> there's<00:10:35.760> one<00:10:36.240> bottom<00:10:36.640> line<00:10:37.040> and

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but i think there's one bottom line and

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but i think there's one bottom line and

that<00:10:37.519> is

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that is

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that is

american<00:10:38.800> credibility<00:10:39.440> has<00:10:39.600> eroded<00:10:40.480> uh<00:10:40.800> in

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american credibility has eroded uh in

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american credibility has eroded uh in

the<00:10:41.040> 21st<00:10:41.600> century<00:10:42.000> under<00:10:42.240> president

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the 21st century under president

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the 21st century under president

bush<00:10:44.640> someone<00:10:45.120> under<00:10:45.360> obama<00:10:45.839> too<00:10:46.079> because

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bush someone under obama too because

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bush someone under obama too because

that<00:10:46.800> coincided<00:10:47.360> with<00:10:47.519> the<00:10:47.600> arab<00:10:47.839> spring<00:10:48.320> and

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that coincided with the arab spring and

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that coincided with the arab spring and

and<00:10:49.040> the<00:10:49.200> various

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and the various

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and the various

roles<00:10:50.399> or<00:10:50.720> lack<00:10:50.959> of<00:10:51.040> roles<00:10:51.360> the<00:10:51.440> u.s<00:10:51.839> played<00:10:52.560> uh

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roles or lack of roles the u.s played uh

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roles or lack of roles the u.s played uh

particularly

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particularly

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particularly

under<00:10:53.839> president<00:10:54.320> trump<00:10:55.040> uh<00:10:55.519> joe<00:10:55.760> biden<00:10:56.079> has<00:10:56.240> a

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under president trump uh joe biden has a

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under president trump uh joe biden has a

very<00:10:56.480> difficult<00:10:56.880> task<00:10:57.279> improving

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very difficult task improving

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very difficult task improving

uh<00:10:58.720> america's<00:10:59.279> interest<00:11:00.240> and

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uh america's interest and

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uh america's interest and

frankly<00:11:02.480> uh<00:11:02.959> the<00:11:03.120> fact<00:11:03.360> that<00:11:03.440> we<00:11:03.600> are

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frankly uh the fact that we are

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frankly uh the fact that we are

withdrawing<00:11:04.320> not<00:11:04.480> just<00:11:04.640> from<00:11:04.880> afghanistan

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withdrawing not just from afghanistan

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withdrawing not just from afghanistan

but<00:11:05.760> resources

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but resources

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but resources

from<00:11:07.760> across<00:11:08.240> the<00:11:08.399> region<00:11:09.279> there<00:11:09.440> is<00:11:09.600> concern

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from across the region there is concern

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from across the region there is concern

about<00:11:10.240> american<00:11:10.720> interest<00:11:11.120> american

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about american interest american

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about american interest american

commitment

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commitment

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commitment

uh<00:11:15.120> what<00:11:15.279> america's<00:11:15.920> role<00:11:16.240> is<00:11:16.399> going<00:11:16.560> to<00:11:16.640> be<00:11:16.800> in

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uh what america's role is going to be in

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uh what america's role is going to be in

the<00:11:16.959> future

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the future

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the future

in<00:11:18.399> terms<00:11:18.800> of<00:11:19.600> um<00:11:20.640> standing<00:11:21.040> up<00:11:21.200> to<00:11:21.360> whether

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in terms of um standing up to whether

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in terms of um standing up to whether

it's<00:11:21.760> extremism

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it's extremism

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it's extremism

or<00:11:23.160> authoritarianism<00:11:24.560> we've<00:11:24.800> kind<00:11:24.959> of<00:11:25.200> ceded

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or authoritarianism we've kind of ceded

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or authoritarianism we've kind of ceded

to<00:11:25.680> the<00:11:25.839> russians<00:11:26.240> when<00:11:26.399> it<00:11:26.560> comes<00:11:26.880> to

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to the russians when it comes to

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to the russians when it comes to

syria<00:11:30.240> iranian<00:11:30.720> influence<00:11:31.279> is<00:11:31.519> arguably

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syria iranian influence is arguably

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syria iranian influence is arguably

greater<00:11:32.399> than<00:11:32.560> at<00:11:32.720> any<00:11:32.959> time

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greater than at any time

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greater than at any time

since<00:11:34.240> uh<00:11:36.120> 2003<00:11:37.120> when<00:11:37.279> the<00:11:37.440> us<00:11:37.680> invaded<00:11:38.160> iraq

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since uh 2003 when the us invaded iraq

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since uh 2003 when the us invaded iraq

so<00:11:39.279> i<00:11:39.360> think<00:11:39.519> there<00:11:39.680> are<00:11:39.760> a<00:11:39.839> lot<00:11:40.000> of<00:11:40.399> there's<00:11:40.640> a

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so i think there are a lot of there's a

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so i think there are a lot of there's a

lot<00:11:41.120> of<00:11:41.279> questioning<00:11:41.680> about<00:11:41.920> american

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lot of questioning about american

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lot of questioning about american

credibility

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credibility

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credibility

and<00:11:43.440> it's<00:11:43.600> going<00:11:43.680> to<00:11:43.760> take<00:11:44.000> more<00:11:44.160> than<00:11:44.399> one

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and it's going to take more than one

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and it's going to take more than one

president<00:11:45.200> or<00:11:45.440> his<00:11:45.600> actions<00:11:46.079> to<00:11:46.240> prove<00:11:46.560> that

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president or his actions to prove that

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president or his actions to prove that

america

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america

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america

is<00:11:48.000> interested<00:11:48.480> and<00:11:48.720> frankly<00:11:49.120> i<00:11:49.200> think<00:11:50.079> um

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is interested and frankly i think um

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is interested and frankly i think um

steve<00:11:50.880> is

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steve is

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steve is

you<00:11:51.600> and<00:11:51.760> i<00:11:52.240> know<00:11:52.480> because<00:11:52.720> we've<00:11:52.880> lived

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you and i know because we've lived

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you and i know because we've lived

through<00:11:53.360> so<00:11:53.519> many<00:11:53.839> of<00:11:53.920> these<00:11:54.160> conflicts

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through so many of these conflicts

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through so many of these conflicts

that<00:11:56.720> that<00:11:56.959> i<00:11:57.600> i<00:11:57.760> think<00:11:58.000> america<00:11:58.399> doesn't<00:11:58.720> care

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that that i i think america doesn't care

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that that i i think america doesn't care

as<00:11:59.040> much<00:11:59.279> about<00:11:59.440> the<00:11:59.600> middle<00:11:59.920> east

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as much about the middle east

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as much about the middle east

it<00:12:01.040> the<00:12:01.200> arab<00:12:01.440> israeli<00:12:01.920> conflict<00:12:02.320> which<00:12:02.560> once

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it the arab israeli conflict which once

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it the arab israeli conflict which once

defined

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defined

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defined

what<00:12:05.279> the<00:12:05.360> u.s<00:12:05.760> did<00:12:06.079> what<00:12:06.480> broader<00:12:07.279> western

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what the u.s did what broader western

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what the u.s did what broader western

interests<00:12:08.079> and<00:12:08.240> international<00:12:08.880> interests

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interests and international interests

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interests and international interests

war

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war

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war

has<00:12:10.160> just<00:12:10.480> almost<00:12:10.720> disappeared<00:12:11.360> off<00:12:11.519> the<00:12:11.600> map

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has just almost disappeared off the map

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has just almost disappeared off the map

and

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and

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and

and<00:12:14.480> so<00:12:14.720> i'm<00:12:14.880> concerned<00:12:15.440> about<00:12:16.160> what<00:12:16.399> america

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and so i'm concerned about what america

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and so i'm concerned about what america

does

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does

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does

what<00:12:17.839> role<00:12:18.160> it'll<00:12:18.399> play<00:12:18.800> just<00:12:19.040> as<00:12:19.200> much<00:12:19.360> as<00:12:19.519> i

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what role it'll play just as much as i

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what role it'll play just as much as i

think<00:12:19.760> many<00:12:20.079> in<00:12:20.160> the<00:12:20.399> in<00:12:20.480> the<00:12:20.560> region<00:12:22.839> are

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think many in the in the region are

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think many in the in the region are

i<00:12:25.839> i<00:12:26.000> i<00:12:26.480> want<00:12:26.720> to<00:12:27.040> uh<00:12:27.839> actually<00:12:28.240> pick<00:12:28.480> up

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i i i want to uh actually pick up

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i i i want to uh actually pick up

exactly<00:12:29.040> from<00:12:29.200> what<00:12:29.360> you<00:12:29.519> just<00:12:29.760> said

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exactly from what you just said

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exactly from what you just said

um<00:12:31.519> and<00:12:31.760> ask<00:12:31.920> you<00:12:32.079> about<00:12:32.399> iran<00:12:33.120> if<00:12:33.279> there's<00:12:33.519> one

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um and ask you about iran if there's one

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um and ask you about iran if there's one

issue<00:12:34.320> now<00:12:34.560> that<00:12:34.800> might<00:12:35.680> that<00:12:36.079> that<00:12:36.320> makes<00:12:36.639> it

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issue now that might that that makes it

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issue now that might that that makes it

more<00:12:37.120> and<00:12:37.200> more<00:12:37.360> difficult<00:12:37.760> for<00:12:37.920> the<00:12:38.000> united

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more and more difficult for the united

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more and more difficult for the united

states<00:12:38.480> to<00:12:38.639> totally<00:12:39.440> withdraw

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states to totally withdraw

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states to totally withdraw

it's<00:12:40.480> it<00:12:40.560> seems<00:12:40.880> to<00:12:40.959> me<00:12:41.120> at<00:12:41.200> least<00:12:41.440> it's<00:12:41.680> iran

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it's it seems to me at least it's iran

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it's it seems to me at least it's iran

and

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and

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and

iran<00:12:43.680> has<00:12:43.839> become<00:12:44.320> so<00:12:44.560> important<00:12:45.760> uh

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iran has become so important uh

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iran has become so important uh

for<00:12:46.720> all<00:12:46.880> sorts<00:12:47.279> of<00:12:47.440> reasons<00:12:48.720> uh

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for all sorts of reasons uh

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for all sorts of reasons uh

what<00:12:50.959> do<00:12:51.120> you<00:12:51.839> i<00:12:52.000> mean<00:12:52.240> you<00:12:52.480> did<00:12:52.880> work<00:12:53.200> in<00:12:53.360> iran

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what do you i mean you did work in iran

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what do you i mean you did work in iran

as<00:12:53.920> you've<00:12:54.079> just<00:12:54.240> said

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as you've just said

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as you've just said

and<00:12:55.600> you<00:12:55.760> know<00:12:56.000> it<00:12:56.399> iran

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and you know it iran

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and you know it iran

just<00:12:58.079> has<00:13:00.320> almost<00:13:00.720> i<00:13:00.800> was<00:13:00.959> going<00:13:01.040> to<00:13:01.120> say

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just has almost i was going to say

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just has almost i was going to say

appointed<00:13:01.839> accidentally<00:13:02.399> but

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appointed accidentally but

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appointed accidentally but

i<00:13:02.880> don't<00:13:02.959> know<00:13:03.120> that<00:13:03.279> that<00:13:03.440> was<00:13:03.519> much<00:13:03.760> of<00:13:03.839> an

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i don't know that that was much of an

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i don't know that that was much of an

election<00:13:04.639> but<00:13:04.800> there's<00:13:05.120> new<00:13:05.360> a<00:13:05.440> new<00:13:05.680> president

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election but there's new a new president

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election but there's new a new president

who's<00:13:06.560> very<00:13:06.880> close<00:13:07.760> to<00:13:08.000> the<00:13:08.160> supreme<00:13:08.560> leader

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who's very close to the supreme leader

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who's very close to the supreme leader

and<00:13:10.079> um<00:13:11.760> does<00:13:12.000> iran

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and um does iran

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and um does iran

keep<00:13:12.959> the<00:13:13.120> united<00:13:13.360> states<00:13:13.680> in<00:13:13.760> the<00:13:13.920> middle

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keep the united states in the middle

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keep the united states in the middle

east<00:13:14.480> or<00:13:14.720> does<00:13:14.959> it<00:13:15.200> cause<00:13:15.519> us<00:13:15.680> to

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east or does it cause us to

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east or does it cause us to

rush<00:13:16.560> away<00:13:17.920> great<00:13:18.240> question<00:13:18.880> and<00:13:19.120> arguably

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rush away great question and arguably

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rush away great question and arguably

the<00:13:19.839> most<00:13:20.079> important<00:13:20.560> question

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the most important question

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the most important question

when<00:13:21.440> it<00:13:21.519> comes<00:13:21.760> to<00:13:22.079> the<00:13:22.240> us<00:13:22.560> role<00:13:22.800> in<00:13:22.880> the

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when it comes to the us role in the

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when it comes to the us role in the

middle<00:13:23.200> east<00:13:23.839> the<00:13:23.920> united<00:13:24.320> states<00:13:24.639> can<00:13:24.880> pivot

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middle east the united states can pivot

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middle east the united states can pivot

to<00:13:25.440> china

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to china

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to china

or<00:13:26.240> to<00:13:26.639> broader<00:13:27.200> asia<00:13:28.320> by

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or to broader asia by

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or to broader asia by

lessening<00:13:30.000> its<00:13:30.560> uh<00:13:31.360> intervention<00:13:31.920> its

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lessening its uh intervention its

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lessening its uh intervention its

military<00:13:32.720> presence<00:13:33.200> its<00:13:33.440> aid<00:13:33.839> to<00:13:34.160> whether

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military presence its aid to whether

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military presence its aid to whether

it's<00:13:34.639> iraq

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it's iraq

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it's iraq

um<00:13:36.480> to<00:13:36.639> the<00:13:36.800> gulf<00:13:37.120> states<00:13:38.160> uh<00:13:38.639> potentially

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um to the gulf states uh potentially

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um to the gulf states uh potentially

even<00:13:39.440> israel

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even israel

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even israel

egypt<00:13:40.720> elsewhere<00:13:41.600> but<00:13:41.760> it<00:13:42.079> cannot<00:13:42.560> leave<00:13:42.880> the

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egypt elsewhere but it cannot leave the

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egypt elsewhere but it cannot leave the

middle<00:13:43.279> east

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middle east

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middle east

until<00:13:43.920> it<00:13:44.000> deals<00:13:44.399> with<00:13:44.639> the<00:13:44.800> iranian<00:13:45.360> question

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until it deals with the iranian question

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until it deals with the iranian question

and<00:13:46.399> it's<00:13:46.560> not<00:13:46.800> just<00:13:47.040> one

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and it's not just one

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and it's not just one

of<00:13:48.000> its<00:13:48.160> nuclear<00:13:48.639> program<00:13:49.040> anymore<00:13:49.600> it's<00:13:49.760> much

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of its nuclear program anymore it's much

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of its nuclear program anymore it's much

wider<00:13:50.399> than<00:13:50.560> that

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wider than that

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wider than that

one<00:13:51.360> of<00:13:51.440> the<00:13:51.600> striking<00:13:52.079> things<00:13:52.399> that's

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one of the striking things that's

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one of the striking things that's

happened<00:13:53.600> in<00:13:53.760> the<00:13:53.839> last<00:13:54.240> five<00:13:54.560> years

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happened in the last five years

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happened in the last five years

since<00:13:55.600> the<00:13:56.320> iran<00:13:56.720> nuclear<00:13:57.199> deal<00:13:58.000> is<00:13:58.320> iran's

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since the iran nuclear deal is iran's

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since the iran nuclear deal is iran's

uh<00:14:00.320> improvement<00:14:00.880> its<00:14:01.120> escalation<00:14:02.399> its

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uh improvement its escalation its

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uh improvement its escalation its

advancements<00:14:04.160> in<00:14:04.320> its<00:14:04.480> missile<00:14:04.959> program<00:14:05.600> its

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advancements in its missile program its

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advancements in its missile program its

drones

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drones

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drones

it<00:14:06.959> now<00:14:07.279> has<00:14:08.079> other<00:14:08.560> far<00:14:08.800> more<00:14:09.120> tangible

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it now has other far more tangible

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it now has other far more tangible

instruments<00:14:10.800> of<00:14:10.959> war<00:14:11.360> to<00:14:11.600> threaten<00:14:12.160> the

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instruments of war to threaten the

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instruments of war to threaten the

middle<00:14:12.639> east<00:14:12.959> or<00:14:13.199> to<00:14:13.360> present<00:14:13.680> a<00:14:13.839> challenge

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middle east or to present a challenge

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middle east or to present a challenge

well<00:14:14.880> i<00:14:15.120> think<00:14:15.519> that<00:14:15.680> the<00:14:15.920> odds<00:14:16.240> are<00:14:16.399> in<00:14:16.560> favor

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well i think that the odds are in favor

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well i think that the odds are in favor

of<00:14:17.279> returning<00:14:17.760> to<00:14:17.920> the<00:14:18.079> nuclear

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of returning to the nuclear

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of returning to the nuclear

agreement<00:14:20.720> that's<00:14:21.040> now<00:14:21.279> being<00:14:21.519> brokered<00:14:22.000> in

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agreement that's now being brokered in

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agreement that's now being brokered in

vienna<00:14:22.639> by<00:14:22.800> the<00:14:22.880> world's<00:14:23.199> six<00:14:23.519> major<00:14:23.839> powers

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vienna by the world's six major powers

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vienna by the world's six major powers

i<00:14:25.600> am<00:14:25.839> very<00:14:26.160> skeptical<00:14:26.800> that<00:14:26.959> there<00:14:27.199> will<00:14:27.360> be

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i am very skeptical that there will be

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i am very skeptical that there will be

any<00:14:27.839> kind<00:14:28.079> of

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any kind of

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any kind of

improvement<00:14:29.040> any<00:14:29.360> progress<00:14:30.320> on<00:14:30.480> the<00:14:30.639> other

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improvement any progress on the other

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improvement any progress on the other

three<00:14:31.680> big<00:14:32.000> questions

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three big questions

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three big questions

that<00:14:33.120> loom<00:14:33.519> large<00:14:34.320> the<00:14:34.480> missile<00:14:34.880> program

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that loom large the missile program

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that loom large the missile program

iran's

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iran's

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iran's

meddling<00:14:36.880> in<00:14:36.959> the<00:14:37.040> region<00:14:37.440> or<00:14:37.600> its<00:14:37.760> influence

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meddling in the region or its influence

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meddling in the region or its influence

in<00:14:38.320> the<00:14:38.480> region<00:14:39.199> and<00:14:39.440> it's

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in the region and it's

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in the region and it's

abysmal<00:14:40.480> human<00:14:40.720> rights<00:14:41.040> record<00:14:42.000> and<00:14:42.399> i<00:14:42.560> think

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abysmal human rights record and i think

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abysmal human rights record and i think

those

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those

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those

are<00:14:43.440> going<00:14:43.680> to<00:14:43.760> be<00:14:44.240> much<00:14:44.560> harder<00:14:45.440> to<00:14:45.680> find

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are going to be much harder to find

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are going to be much harder to find

compromise

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compromise

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compromise

they<00:14:47.279> will<00:14:47.519> involve<00:14:48.399> a<00:14:48.560> much<00:14:48.880> wider<00:14:49.279> array<00:14:49.600> of

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they will involve a much wider array of

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they will involve a much wider array of

players<00:14:50.320> including

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players including

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players including

on<00:14:51.199> the<00:14:51.279> missile<00:14:51.680> question<00:14:52.399> saudi<00:14:52.800> arabia<00:14:53.279> and

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on the missile question saudi arabia and

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on the missile question saudi arabia and

israel

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israel

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israel

when<00:14:54.880> it<00:14:55.040> comes<00:14:55.360> to<00:14:55.519> meddling<00:14:55.920> in<00:14:56.000> the<00:14:56.160> region

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when it comes to meddling in the region

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when it comes to meddling in the region

that<00:14:56.959> deals<00:14:57.279> with<00:14:57.600> wars

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that deals with wars

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that deals with wars

in<00:14:58.240> yemen<00:14:59.199> conflict<00:14:59.680> in<00:14:59.839> iraq<00:15:00.720> syria

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in yemen conflict in iraq syria

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in yemen conflict in iraq syria

and<00:15:02.079> poor<00:15:02.320> little<00:15:02.639> lebanon<00:15:03.120> which<00:15:03.360> is<00:15:03.760> about

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and poor little lebanon which is about

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and poor little lebanon which is about

to<00:15:04.160> become<00:15:04.480> a<00:15:04.560> failed<00:15:04.880> state

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to become a failed state

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to become a failed state

so<00:15:07.120> you<00:15:07.199> know<00:15:07.360> these<00:15:07.680> questions<00:15:08.240> are<00:15:08.399> huge<00:15:08.800> and

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so you know these questions are huge and

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so you know these questions are huge and

how<00:15:09.120> do<00:15:09.279> you<00:15:09.360> deal<00:15:09.680> with

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how do you deal with

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how do you deal with

human<00:15:10.880> rights<00:15:11.279> problems<00:15:12.240> iran<00:15:12.639> does<00:15:12.880> have<00:15:13.120> an

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human rights problems iran does have an

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human rights problems iran does have an

incentive<00:15:13.680> to<00:15:13.839> negotiate

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incentive to negotiate

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incentive to negotiate

because<00:15:15.519> while<00:15:16.240> the<00:15:16.399> biden<00:15:16.800> administration

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because while the biden administration

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because while the biden administration

is<00:15:17.760> willing<00:15:18.160> to<00:15:18.320> lift

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is willing to lift

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is willing to lift

many<00:15:19.839> sanctions<00:15:20.639> on<00:15:20.880> iran<00:15:21.680> it<00:15:21.760> will<00:15:21.920> not<00:15:22.160> lift

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many sanctions on iran it will not lift

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many sanctions on iran it will not lift

all<00:15:22.560> of<00:15:22.639> them

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all of them

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all of them

there<00:15:23.519> are<00:15:23.760> separate<00:15:24.160> sanctions<00:15:24.639> related<00:15:25.199> to

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there are separate sanctions related to

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there are separate sanctions related to

whether<00:15:26.160> it's<00:15:26.399> terrorism<00:15:26.880> designations

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whether it's terrorism designations

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whether it's terrorism designations

or<00:15:29.519> the<00:15:29.600> missile<00:15:30.000> program<00:15:30.800> and<00:15:30.959> human<00:15:31.279> rights

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or the missile program and human rights

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or the missile program and human rights

abuses

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abuses

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abuses

those<00:15:33.360> will<00:15:33.680> still<00:15:33.920> be<00:15:34.079> in<00:15:34.240> place<00:15:34.880> and<00:15:35.680> iran

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those will still be in place and iran

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those will still be in place and iran

future<00:15:37.920> its<00:15:38.079> revolution<00:15:38.880> depends<00:15:39.519> on

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future its revolution depends on

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future its revolution depends on

its<00:15:40.800> economic<00:15:42.000> health

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its economic health

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its economic health

revolutions<00:15:44.560> that<00:15:44.800> have<00:15:45.040> utopian<00:15:46.079> ideologies

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revolutions that have utopian ideologies

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revolutions that have utopian ideologies

and<00:15:47.279> promise<00:15:47.759> to<00:15:48.000> improve<00:15:48.480> the<00:15:48.639> condition

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and promise to improve the condition

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and promise to improve the condition

of<00:15:49.600> the<00:15:49.839> oppressed<00:15:50.560> as<00:15:51.040> the<00:15:51.120> iranians<00:15:51.680> say

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of the oppressed as the iranians say

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of the oppressed as the iranians say

have<00:15:52.959> a<00:15:53.199> real<00:15:53.519> challenge<00:15:54.079> in<00:15:54.160> delivering<00:15:55.279> and

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have a real challenge in delivering and

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have a real challenge in delivering and

40<00:15:55.920> years<00:15:56.240> in<00:15:56.399> the<00:15:56.560> original<00:15:56.959> revolutionaries

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40 years in the original revolutionaries

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40 years in the original revolutionaries

are<00:15:58.000> dying<00:15:58.399> out

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are dying out

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are dying out

the<00:15:59.120> supreme<00:15:59.519> leader<00:15:59.920> is<00:16:00.079> now<00:16:01.199> in<00:16:01.360> his<00:16:01.519> early

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the supreme leader is now in his early

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the supreme leader is now in his early

80s

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80s

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80s

and<00:16:03.920> yeah<00:16:04.720> that<00:16:05.680> he<00:16:05.920> knows<00:16:06.320> that

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and yeah that he knows that

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and yeah that he knows that

the<00:16:07.199> stakes<00:16:07.600> are<00:16:07.680> huge<00:16:08.399> in<00:16:08.560> iran<00:16:08.959> and<00:16:09.040> that's

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the stakes are huge in iran and that's

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the stakes are huge in iran and that's

why<00:16:09.440> this<00:16:09.680> recent<00:16:10.079> election<00:16:10.480> that<00:16:10.639> you

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why this recent election that you

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why this recent election that you

alluded<00:16:11.120> to<00:16:11.360> is<00:16:11.440> so<00:16:11.680> important

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alluded to is so important

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alluded to is so important

it's<00:16:12.720> laying<00:16:12.959> the<00:16:13.120> groundwork<00:16:13.680> for<00:16:14.320> arguably

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it's laying the groundwork for arguably

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it's laying the groundwork for arguably

one<00:16:15.440> of<00:16:15.519> the<00:16:15.600> most<00:16:15.920> important<00:16:16.399> transitions

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one of the most important transitions

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one of the most important transitions

since<00:16:17.440> the<00:16:17.519> 1979<00:16:18.480> revolution<00:16:19.680> and

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since the 1979 revolution and

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since the 1979 revolution and

it<00:16:21.120> does<00:16:21.360> not<00:16:21.680> it<00:16:21.839> was<00:16:22.000> not<00:16:22.160> free<00:16:22.399> and<00:16:22.560> fair<00:16:23.120> it

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it does not it was not free and fair it

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it does not it was not free and fair it

was

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was

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was

almost<00:16:24.959> 600<00:16:25.519> people<00:16:25.839> registered<00:16:26.399> to<00:16:26.560> run

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almost 600 people registered to run

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almost 600 people registered to run

including<00:16:27.360> 40<00:16:27.680> women

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including 40 women

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including 40 women

and<00:16:28.880> all<00:16:29.120> but<00:16:29.360> seven<00:16:29.839> were<00:16:30.000> disqualified

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and all but seven were disqualified

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and all but seven were disqualified

three<00:16:31.519> of<00:16:31.600> them<00:16:31.759> then<00:16:32.000> dropped<00:16:32.320> out<00:16:32.560> so<00:16:32.720> it<00:16:32.800> was

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three of them then dropped out so it was

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three of them then dropped out so it was

a<00:16:33.120> field<00:16:33.360> of<00:16:33.519> four

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a field of four

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a field of four

three<00:16:34.639> of<00:16:34.720> them<00:16:34.959> hardliners<00:16:35.759> and<00:16:36.000> one<00:16:36.399> kind<00:16:36.560> of

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three of them hardliners and one kind of

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three of them hardliners and one kind of

centrist

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centrist

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centrist

and<00:16:38.399> a<00:16:38.480> hardliner<00:16:39.199> one<00:16:39.600> uh<00:16:40.240> the<00:16:40.399> chief<00:16:40.639> of<00:16:40.720> the

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and a hardliner one uh the chief of the

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and a hardliner one uh the chief of the

judiciary<00:16:41.519> who<00:16:41.759> is

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judiciary who is

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judiciary who is

associated<00:16:42.720> with<00:16:43.360> one<00:16:43.600> of<00:16:43.680> the<00:16:43.839> greatest

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associated with one of the greatest

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associated with one of the greatest

periods<00:16:44.720> of<00:16:44.959> executions<00:16:45.759> in<00:16:45.920> the<00:16:46.000> late<00:16:46.240> 1980s

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periods of executions in the late 1980s

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periods of executions in the late 1980s

uh<00:16:48.560> since<00:16:48.800> the<00:16:48.959> revolution<00:16:49.680> and<00:16:50.000> so<00:16:50.160> it's

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uh since the revolution and so it's

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uh since the revolution and so it's

going<00:16:50.480> to<00:16:50.560> be<00:16:50.639> very<00:16:50.880> hard<00:16:51.040> for<00:16:51.199> the<00:16:51.279> bidet

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going to be very hard for the bidet

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going to be very hard for the bidet

administration<00:16:52.320> to<00:16:52.480> engage

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administration to engage

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administration to engage

in<00:16:54.880> the<00:16:55.040> eyes<00:16:55.279> of<00:16:55.440> public<00:16:55.759> opinion<00:16:56.399> in<00:16:56.480> the

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in the eyes of public opinion in the

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in the eyes of public opinion in the

eyes<00:16:56.959> of<00:16:57.279> divided<00:16:57.839> washington

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eyes of divided washington

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eyes of divided washington

with<00:16:59.120> a<00:16:59.199> regime<00:17:00.240> that<00:17:00.399> is<00:17:00.560> led<00:17:00.880> by<00:17:01.120> such

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with a regime that is led by such

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with a regime that is led by such

a<00:17:02.480> man<00:17:02.800> with<00:17:03.040> such<00:17:03.440> atrocious<00:17:04.000> credentials

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so<00:17:09.120> uh<00:17:09.600> how<00:17:09.760> do<00:17:10.000> we<00:17:10.880> really

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so uh how do we really

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so uh how do we really

uh<00:17:12.480> deal<00:17:12.880> with<00:17:13.039> this<00:17:13.360> if<00:17:13.520> we<00:17:13.679> want<00:17:13.919> to<00:17:14.480> if<00:17:14.640> we

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uh deal with this if we want to if we

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uh deal with this if we want to if we

really<00:17:15.280> want<00:17:15.439> to<00:17:15.600> deal<00:17:15.919> with<00:17:16.480> china<00:17:17.039> and<00:17:17.120> to

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really want to deal with china and to

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really want to deal with china and to

some<00:17:17.520> extent<00:17:17.919> russia

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some extent russia

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some extent russia

as<00:17:19.199> our<00:17:19.360> key<00:17:19.679> issues<00:17:20.480> can<00:17:20.640> you<00:17:20.880> really<00:17:21.600> deal

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as our key issues can you really deal

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as our key issues can you really deal

with<00:17:22.160> those

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with those

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with those

given<00:17:23.360> the<00:17:23.520> relations<00:17:24.079> with<00:17:24.319> iran<00:17:24.799> without

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given the relations with iran without

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given the relations with iran without

confronting<00:17:26.160> iran

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confronting iran

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confronting iran

either<00:17:27.199> trying<00:17:27.439> to<00:17:27.520> do<00:17:27.679> so<00:17:27.919> positively<00:17:28.640> or

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either trying to do so positively or

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either trying to do so positively or

negatively

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negatively

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negatively

the<00:17:31.120> united<00:17:31.440> states<00:17:32.000> clearly<00:17:32.400> can<00:17:32.559> you<00:17:32.640> avoid

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the united states clearly can you avoid

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the united states clearly can you avoid

iran<00:17:34.000> no<00:17:34.160> you<00:17:34.320> can't

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iran no you can't

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iran no you can't

and<00:17:34.960> that's<00:17:35.280> the<00:17:35.440> key<00:17:36.080> that<00:17:36.880> the<00:17:37.200> that<00:17:37.760> every

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and that's the key that the that every

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and that's the key that the that every

administration<00:17:38.720> that<00:17:38.960> has<00:17:39.039> tried<00:17:39.280> to<00:17:39.360> pivot

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administration that has tried to pivot

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administration that has tried to pivot

to<00:17:39.840> asia<00:17:40.160> this<00:17:40.320> century

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to asia this century

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to asia this century

has<00:17:41.679> been<00:17:42.320> sucked<00:17:42.640> back<00:17:42.960> into<00:17:43.200> the<00:17:43.280> middle

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has been sucked back into the middle

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has been sucked back into the middle

east

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east

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east

and<00:17:44.559> the<00:17:44.799> problems<00:17:45.280> in<00:17:45.360> many<00:17:45.600> ways<00:17:46.320> are

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and the problems in many ways are

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and the problems in many ways are

deepening

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deepening

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deepening

iraq<00:17:47.919> is<00:17:48.480> you<00:17:48.640> know<00:17:49.200> the<00:17:49.520> isis<00:17:50.080> caliphate<00:17:50.720> has

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iraq is you know the isis caliphate has

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iraq is you know the isis caliphate has

disappeared

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disappeared

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disappeared

but<00:17:52.559> the<00:17:52.720> us<00:17:53.120> is<00:17:53.200> also<00:17:53.520> winding<00:17:53.840> down<00:17:54.080> its

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but the us is also winding down its

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but the us is also winding down its

military<00:17:54.720> presence<00:17:55.280> and<00:17:55.360> there<00:17:55.520> are

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military presence and there are

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military presence and there are

questions<00:17:56.240> about<00:17:56.559> whether

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questions about whether

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questions about whether

iraq<00:17:58.000> is<00:17:58.160> strong<00:17:58.559> enough<00:17:59.280> politically<00:18:00.080> or

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iraq is strong enough politically or

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iraq is strong enough politically or

militarily

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militarily

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militarily

to<00:18:01.760> deal<00:18:02.240> with<00:18:02.559> its<00:18:02.720> many<00:18:03.039> problems<00:18:03.919> including

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to deal with its many problems including

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to deal with its many problems including

the<00:18:04.480> division<00:18:05.039> between<00:18:05.440> sunni<00:18:05.760> and<00:18:05.840> shiite

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the division between sunni and shiite

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the division between sunni and shiite

that<00:18:06.400> led<00:18:06.559> to<00:18:06.720> the<00:18:06.880> rise

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that led to the rise

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that led to the rise

of<00:18:07.679> isis<00:18:08.720> uh<00:18:09.520> you<00:18:09.679> know<00:18:09.840> syria<00:18:10.240> we've<00:18:10.480> ceded<00:18:10.799> to

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of isis uh you know syria we've ceded to

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of isis uh you know syria we've ceded to

the<00:18:11.039> russians

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the russians

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the russians

it<00:18:12.400> it's<00:18:13.520> um<00:18:14.320> this<00:18:14.559> is<00:18:14.720> a<00:18:14.799> region

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it it's um this is a region

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it it's um this is a region

in<00:18:15.840> terrible<00:18:16.240> crisis<00:18:17.360> and<00:18:18.400> but

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in terrible crisis and but

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in terrible crisis and but

iran<00:18:19.200> is<00:18:19.280> the<00:18:19.679> is<00:18:19.840> the<00:18:19.919> biggest<00:18:20.320> one<00:18:20.720> of<00:18:20.960> all<00:18:21.600> uh

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iran is the is the biggest one of all uh

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iran is the is the biggest one of all uh

and<00:18:23.440> and<00:18:23.600> you're<00:18:23.760> right<00:18:24.160> we<00:18:24.320> can't<00:18:24.880> pivot

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and and you're right we can't pivot

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and and you're right we can't pivot

to<00:18:25.760> china<00:18:26.480> we<00:18:26.640> can't<00:18:26.880> get<00:18:27.120> there<00:18:27.360> until<00:18:27.679> we

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to china we can't get there until we

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to china we can't get there until we

solve<00:18:28.480> this<00:18:28.720> basic<00:18:29.120> issue<00:18:29.440> of<00:18:29.600> iran

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solve this basic issue of iran

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solve this basic issue of iran

and<00:18:30.640> as<00:18:30.799> i<00:18:30.960> said<00:18:31.440> it's<00:18:31.600> no<00:18:31.840> longer<00:18:32.240> just<00:18:32.480> the

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and as i said it's no longer just the

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and as i said it's no longer just the

nuclear<00:18:33.039> issue

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nuclear issue

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nuclear issue

that's<00:18:33.840> when<00:18:34.160> we<00:18:34.640> have<00:18:35.200> a<00:18:35.360> possibility

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that's when we have a possibility

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that's when we have a possibility

still<00:18:37.679> problematic<00:18:38.640> but<00:18:38.880> a<00:18:38.960> possibility<00:18:39.760> of

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still problematic but a possibility of

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still problematic but a possibility of

finding<00:18:40.400> resolution<00:18:41.120> hopefully<00:18:41.440> within<00:18:41.760> the

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finding resolution hopefully within the

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finding resolution hopefully within the

next<00:18:42.080> month

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next month

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next month

um<00:18:43.679> but<00:18:43.840> then<00:18:44.080> it<00:18:44.160> gets<00:18:44.400> harder<00:18:45.039> and<00:18:45.679> and<00:18:45.840> i

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um but then it gets harder and and i

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um but then it gets harder and and i

think<00:18:46.240> joe<00:18:46.480> biden<00:18:46.799> is<00:18:46.880> going<00:18:46.960> to<00:18:47.039> face<00:18:47.280> some

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think joe biden is going to face some

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think joe biden is going to face some

really<00:18:47.760> tough<00:18:48.080> question

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really tough question

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really tough question

tough<00:18:49.360> questions<00:18:49.760> when<00:18:49.919> it<00:18:50.000> comes<00:18:50.799> to<00:18:51.440> uh<00:18:51.919> to

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iran

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iran

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iran

i'd<00:18:56.559> like<00:18:56.720> to<00:18:56.799> talk<00:18:57.039> a<00:18:57.120> little<00:18:57.280> bit<00:18:57.440> about

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i'd like to talk a little bit about

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i'd like to talk a little bit about

afghanistan<00:18:58.559> because<00:18:59.360> i<00:18:59.520> know<00:18:59.679> you've

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afghanistan because i know you've

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afghanistan because i know you've

recently<00:19:00.160> been<00:19:00.320> there<00:19:00.559> you've<00:19:00.720> written<00:19:00.960> about

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recently been there you've written about

00:19:01.280 --> 00:19:01.909 align:start position:0%

recently been there you've written about

it

00:19:01.909 --> 00:19:01.919 align:start position:0%

it

00:19:01.919 --> 00:19:05.029 align:start position:0%

it

uh<00:19:02.799> and<00:19:03.520> when<00:19:03.840> i<00:19:04.000> think<00:19:04.240> of

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uh and when i think of

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uh and when i think of

about<00:19:05.440> afghanistan<00:19:07.039> i<00:19:07.120> mean<00:19:07.360> all<00:19:07.520> of<00:19:07.600> us<00:19:07.760> i

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about afghanistan i mean all of us i

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about afghanistan i mean all of us i

think<00:19:08.000> think<00:19:08.160> of<00:19:08.240> 911

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think think of 911

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think think of 911

but<00:19:10.000> which<00:19:10.240> is<00:19:10.400> how<00:19:10.559> we<00:19:10.960> came<00:19:11.200> in<00:19:11.679> in<00:19:11.760> the<00:19:11.919> first

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but which is how we came in in the first

00:19:12.160 --> 00:19:13.110 align:start position:0%

but which is how we came in in the first

place

00:19:13.110 --> 00:19:13.120 align:start position:0%

place

00:19:13.120 --> 00:19:17.029 align:start position:0%

place

but<00:19:13.679> uh<00:19:14.720> you<00:19:14.799> know<00:19:15.280> i<00:19:15.440> live<00:19:15.600> in<00:19:15.679> los<00:19:16.000> angeles

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but uh you know i live in los angeles

00:19:17.039 --> 00:19:20.549 align:start position:0%

but uh you know i live in los angeles

uh<00:19:18.000> and<00:19:18.240> hollywood<00:19:18.960> is<00:19:19.600> is<00:19:19.840> very<00:19:20.080> prominent

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uh and hollywood is is very prominent

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uh and hollywood is is very prominent

and<00:19:20.640> i

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and i

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and i

remember<00:19:21.360> as<00:19:21.520> if<00:19:21.679> it<00:19:21.760> was<00:19:21.919> yesterday<00:19:23.280> before<00:19:23.679> 9

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remember as if it was yesterday before 9

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remember as if it was yesterday before 9

11<00:19:24.960> there<00:19:25.120> were<00:19:25.360> all<00:19:25.520> these<00:19:25.919> movements<00:19:26.880> about

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11 there were all these movements about

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11 there were all these movements about

saving<00:19:27.679> women

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saving women

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saving women

in<00:19:28.880> afghanistan<00:19:29.760> because<00:19:30.640> women<00:19:30.960> were

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in afghanistan because women were

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in afghanistan because women were

suffering

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suffering

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suffering

so<00:19:32.880> greatly

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how<00:19:36.960> what<00:19:37.200> happens<00:19:37.600> now<00:19:38.559> uh

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how what happens now uh

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how what happens now uh

that<00:19:39.600> uh<00:19:39.919> we're<00:19:40.240> leaving<00:19:41.440> uh<00:19:42.080> and

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that uh we're leaving uh and

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that uh we're leaving uh and

and<00:19:43.200> the<00:19:43.280> taliban<00:19:43.760> don't<00:19:44.000> look<00:19:44.240> like<00:19:44.400> they've

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and the taliban don't look like they've

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and the taliban don't look like they've

changed<00:19:44.880> their<00:19:45.120> views<00:19:45.840> on<00:19:46.000> women<00:19:46.400> and<00:19:46.480> they

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changed their views on women and they

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changed their views on women and they

don't<00:19:47.039> look<00:19:47.200> like<00:19:47.440> they're<00:19:47.600> gonna<00:19:47.840> lose

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don't look like they're gonna lose

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don't look like they're gonna lose

where<00:19:50.160> do<00:19:50.320> we<00:19:50.480> go<00:19:50.880> what<00:19:51.039> happens<00:19:51.520> to<00:19:51.760> america

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where do we go what happens to america

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where do we go what happens to america

vis-a-vis<00:19:52.960> afghanistan<00:19:53.600> after<00:19:54.000> all<00:19:54.240> these

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vis-a-vis afghanistan after all these

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vis-a-vis afghanistan after all these

years<00:19:54.799> of

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years of

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years of

involvement<00:19:56.640> and<00:19:56.799> if<00:19:56.880> we<00:19:57.039> go<00:19:57.280> back<00:19:57.520> to<00:19:57.679> the

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involvement and if we go back to the

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involvement and if we go back to the

same<00:19:58.240> problems<00:19:58.799> we<00:19:59.120> had

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before<00:20:03.039> as<00:20:03.200> i<00:20:03.280> say<00:20:03.440> before<00:20:03.840> 9<00:20:04.080> 11<00:20:05.440> what<00:20:05.679> do<00:20:05.760> we

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before as i say before 9 11 what do we

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before as i say before 9 11 what do we

do<00:20:06.080> about<00:20:06.400> that

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do about that

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do about that

how<00:20:06.960> does<00:20:07.200> afghanistan<00:20:07.919> look<00:20:08.480> what<00:20:08.640> will<00:20:08.880> it

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how does afghanistan look what will it

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how does afghanistan look what will it

be<00:20:09.200> like<00:20:09.360> i<00:20:09.440> mean<00:20:09.600> in<00:20:09.679> vietnam<00:20:10.159> we<00:20:10.240> got<00:20:10.400> away

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be like i mean in vietnam we got away

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be like i mean in vietnam we got away

with<00:20:10.799> it<00:20:10.960> i<00:20:11.120> mean

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with it i mean

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with it i mean

it's<00:20:11.600> not<00:20:11.760> a<00:20:11.840> democratic<00:20:12.400> government<00:20:13.600> and<00:20:13.760> a

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it's not a democratic government and a

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it's not a democratic government and a

country

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country

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country

but<00:20:14.799> if<00:20:14.960> you<00:20:15.440> but<00:20:15.760> but<00:20:16.000> vietnam<00:20:16.559> was<00:20:16.799> able<00:20:17.039> to

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but if you but but vietnam was able to

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but if you but but vietnam was able to

uh<00:20:18.720> emerge<00:20:19.360> as<00:20:19.600> a<00:20:19.919> fairly<00:20:20.240> stable<00:20:20.640> country

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uh emerge as a fairly stable country

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uh emerge as a fairly stable country

and<00:20:21.200> we<00:20:21.360> can't<00:20:21.600> say<00:20:22.480> we<00:20:22.559> can<00:20:22.720> say<00:20:22.960> that<00:20:23.679> but

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and we can't say we can say that but

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and we can't say we can say that but

afghanistan<00:20:25.360> is<00:20:25.440> so<00:20:25.679> different

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afghanistan is so different

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afghanistan is so different

it<00:20:27.919> is<00:20:28.080> indeed<00:20:28.559> and<00:20:28.720> i<00:20:28.960> actually<00:20:29.919> spent<00:20:30.159> a<00:20:30.240> lot

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it is indeed and i actually spent a lot

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it is indeed and i actually spent a lot

of<00:20:30.559> time<00:20:30.799> in<00:20:30.880> vietnam<00:20:31.440> and<00:20:31.600> i<00:20:31.679> was<00:20:31.919> the<00:20:32.080> pool

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of time in vietnam and i was the pool

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of time in vietnam and i was the pool

reporter<00:20:32.720> on<00:20:32.880> air<00:20:33.039> force<00:20:33.280> one<00:20:33.520> with<00:20:33.760> president

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reporter on air force one with president

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reporter on air force one with president

clinton<00:20:34.480> when<00:20:34.640> he<00:20:34.799> became<00:20:35.120> the<00:20:35.280> first

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clinton when he became the first

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clinton when he became the first

president

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president

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president

to<00:20:36.880> go<00:20:37.120> to<00:20:37.679> vietnam<00:20:38.240> after<00:20:38.480> the<00:20:38.640> war<00:20:38.960> it<00:20:39.039> was<00:20:39.200> a

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to go to vietnam after the war it was a

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to go to vietnam after the war it was a

very<00:20:39.520> moving<00:20:39.919> experience

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very moving experience

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very moving experience

i<00:20:41.679> was<00:20:41.840> in<00:20:42.000> afghanistan<00:20:42.880> during<00:20:43.120> the

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i was in afghanistan during the

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i was in afghanistan during the

taliban's<00:20:43.840> rule<00:20:44.159> that<00:20:44.320> was<00:20:44.400> my<00:20:44.640> first

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taliban's rule that was my first

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taliban's rule that was my first

first<00:20:45.679> trip<00:20:45.919> i<00:20:46.080> drove<00:20:46.400> from<00:20:46.799> the<00:20:46.960> peshawa

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first trip i drove from the peshawa

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first trip i drove from the peshawa

across<00:20:47.919> the<00:20:48.080> khyber<00:20:48.480> pass

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across the khyber pass

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across the khyber pass

into<00:20:50.159> taliban<00:20:50.720> territory<00:20:51.919> and<00:20:52.240> kabul

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into taliban territory and kabul

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into taliban territory and kabul

and<00:20:53.919> you<00:20:54.080> know<00:20:55.200> seeing<00:20:55.520> women<00:20:55.760> in<00:20:55.919> burqas

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and you know seeing women in burqas

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and you know seeing women in burqas

is<00:20:58.880> really<00:20:59.280> a<00:20:59.840> profoundly<00:21:00.720> troubling

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is really a profoundly troubling

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is really a profoundly troubling

experience<00:21:02.640> because

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experience because

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experience because

of<00:21:05.360> everything<00:21:05.679> it<00:21:05.840> symbolized<00:21:06.480> the

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of everything it symbolized the

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of everything it symbolized the

isolation<00:21:07.280> of<00:21:07.360> women<00:21:07.760> even<00:21:08.000> when<00:21:08.159> they<00:21:08.320> were

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isolation of women even when they were

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isolation of women even when they were

outside<00:21:11.280> so<00:21:11.919> i<00:21:12.240> i<00:21:12.400> think<00:21:12.640> the<00:21:12.799> tragedy

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outside so i i think the tragedy

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outside so i i think the tragedy

for<00:21:14.960> in<00:21:15.120> the<00:21:15.200> eyes<00:21:15.520> of<00:21:15.760> american<00:21:16.240> historians

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for in the eyes of american historians

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for in the eyes of american historians

will<00:21:17.120> be<00:21:17.360> that<00:21:17.520> we

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will be that we

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will be that we

walked<00:21:18.159> away<00:21:19.280> from<00:21:19.520> a<00:21:19.600> country<00:21:20.640> where

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walked away from a country where

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walked away from a country where

we<00:21:21.919> saw<00:21:22.159> such<00:21:22.480> progress<00:21:22.960> for<00:21:23.120> women<00:21:24.000> in

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we saw such progress for women in

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we saw such progress for women in

education

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education

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education

in<00:21:25.440> politics<00:21:26.320> and<00:21:26.480> the<00:21:26.640> economy

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in politics and the economy

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in politics and the economy

in<00:21:28.720> society<00:21:29.520> you<00:21:29.679> know<00:21:29.840> they<00:21:30.000> have<00:21:30.240> a<00:21:30.640> a

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in society you know they have a a

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in society you know they have a a

program<00:21:31.360> that's<00:21:31.600> the<00:21:31.679> equivalent<00:21:32.080> of

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program that's the equivalent of

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program that's the equivalent of

american<00:21:32.799> idol

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american idol

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american idol

and<00:21:34.799> you<00:21:34.960> know<00:21:35.919> women<00:21:36.320> competed<00:21:37.039> you<00:21:37.120> know

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and you know women competed you know

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and you know women competed you know

sang<00:21:37.679> in<00:21:37.840> public

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sang in public

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sang in public

inspiring<00:21:40.720> places<00:21:41.520> in

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inspiring places in

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inspiring places in

culture<00:21:43.760> and<00:21:44.640> and<00:21:45.120> i<00:21:45.280> think<00:21:45.520> the<00:21:45.679> danger<00:21:46.240> is

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culture and and i think the danger is

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culture and and i think the danger is

that<00:21:47.200> the<00:21:47.360> taliban<00:21:47.919> will<00:21:48.240> probably<00:21:48.640> take<00:21:48.880> over

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that the taliban will probably take over

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that the taliban will probably take over

large<00:21:49.440> parts<00:21:49.760> of<00:21:49.840> the<00:21:49.919> country

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large parts of the country

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large parts of the country

possibly<00:21:51.360> not<00:21:51.679> all<00:21:51.840> of<00:21:52.000> it<00:21:52.159> because<00:21:52.960> there<00:21:53.440> are

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possibly not all of it because there are

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possibly not all of it because there are

because<00:21:54.480> of<00:21:54.559> sectarian<00:21:55.200> differences<00:21:56.320> uh<00:21:56.720> i

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because of sectarian differences uh i

00:21:56.799 --> 00:21:57.190 align:start position:0%

because of sectarian differences uh i

mean

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mean

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mean

ethnic<00:21:57.520> difference<00:21:57.840> is<00:21:58.000> more<00:21:58.159> than<00:21:58.240> sectarian

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ethnic difference is more than sectarian

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ethnic difference is more than sectarian

but<00:21:59.039> both<00:21:59.760> that<00:21:59.919> there<00:22:00.080> will<00:22:00.240> be<00:22:00.400> parts<00:22:00.640> of<00:22:00.720> the

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but both that there will be parts of the

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but both that there will be parts of the

country

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country

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country

that<00:22:02.960> stand<00:22:03.280> up<00:22:03.440> to<00:22:03.520> the<00:22:03.679> taliban<00:22:04.159> it'll<00:22:04.320> be

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that stand up to the taliban it'll be

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that stand up to the taliban it'll be

kind<00:22:04.799> of<00:22:04.960> a

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kind of a

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kind of a

replication<00:22:06.320> of<00:22:06.400> the<00:22:06.640> period<00:22:07.440> after<00:22:07.679> the

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replication of the period after the

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replication of the period after the

soviets<00:22:08.400> withdrew

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soviets withdrew

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soviets withdrew

um<00:22:09.919> and<00:22:10.240> before<00:22:12.000> the<00:22:12.159> taliban<00:22:12.640> took<00:22:12.880> over<00:22:13.120> when

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um and before the taliban took over when

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um and before the taliban took over when

there<00:22:13.440> was<00:22:13.520> just<00:22:13.679> utter<00:22:14.000> chaos<00:22:14.480> and

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there was just utter chaos and

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there was just utter chaos and

civil<00:22:15.039> war<00:22:15.760> raged<00:22:16.400> most<00:22:16.640> of<00:22:16.799> kabul<00:22:17.200> was

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civil war raged most of kabul was

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civil war raged most of kabul was

destroyed

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destroyed

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destroyed

during<00:22:18.559> that<00:22:18.799> civil<00:22:19.120> war<00:22:19.679> not<00:22:19.840> by<00:22:20.000> the<00:22:20.080> soviets

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during that civil war not by the soviets

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during that civil war not by the soviets

but<00:22:21.039> by<00:22:21.280> the<00:22:21.440> war

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but by the war

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but by the war

among<00:22:23.039> afghans<00:22:23.840> themselves<00:22:24.960> and<00:22:25.120> my<00:22:25.360> fear<00:22:25.679> is

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among afghans themselves and my fear is

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among afghans themselves and my fear is

the<00:22:26.400> status<00:22:26.880> of<00:22:26.960> women<00:22:27.600> i<00:22:27.760> care<00:22:27.919> about<00:22:28.080> that<00:22:28.320> as

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the status of women i care about that as

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the status of women i care about that as

a<00:22:28.559> woman<00:22:29.120> but<00:22:29.280> i<00:22:29.520> also<00:22:29.840> care<00:22:30.080> about<00:22:30.400> all<00:22:30.640> the

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a woman but i also care about all the

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a woman but i also care about all the

people<00:22:31.039> the<00:22:31.200> united<00:22:31.600> states<00:22:31.919> convinced<00:22:32.320> to

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people the united states convinced to

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people the united states convinced to

help<00:22:32.720> it

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help it

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help it

the<00:22:33.360> interpreters<00:22:34.080> the<00:22:34.159> people<00:22:34.480> who<00:22:34.720> have

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the interpreters the people who have

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the interpreters the people who have

worked<00:22:35.200> for<00:22:35.840> american<00:22:36.400> companies

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worked for american companies

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worked for american companies

contractors<00:22:38.400> um<00:22:38.720> the<00:22:38.880> american<00:22:39.600> consulates

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contractors um the american consulates

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contractors um the american consulates

beefed<00:22:41.440> up<00:22:41.600> the<00:22:41.679> diplomas<00:22:42.480> all<00:22:42.720> of<00:22:42.880> these

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beefed up the diplomas all of these

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beefed up the diplomas all of these

people<00:22:44.000> will<00:22:44.159> be

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people will be

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people will be

and<00:22:44.799> their<00:22:45.039> families<00:22:45.679> will<00:22:45.840> be<00:22:46.080> deeply

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and their families will be deeply

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and their families will be deeply

vulnerable

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vulnerable

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vulnerable

and<00:22:48.159> the<00:22:48.320> united<00:22:48.720> states<00:22:49.039> has<00:22:49.200> pledged<00:22:49.760> to

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and the united states has pledged to

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and the united states has pledged to

evacuate

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evacuate

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evacuate

many<00:22:52.080> of<00:22:52.320> the<00:22:52.960> you<00:22:53.039> know<00:22:53.280> we<00:22:53.360> don't<00:22:53.520> know<00:22:53.600> what

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many of the you know we don't know what

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many of the you know we don't know what

percentage<00:22:54.400> but

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percentage but

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percentage but

thousands<00:22:55.360> of<00:22:56.240> uh<00:22:56.480> those<00:22:56.799> who<00:22:57.039> had<00:22:57.360> been

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thousands of uh those who had been

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thousands of uh those who had been

interpreters

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interpreters

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interpreters

but<00:22:58.720> what<00:22:58.960> about<00:22:59.200> all<00:22:59.360> the<00:22:59.440> people<00:22:59.679> they<00:22:59.919> left

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but what about all the people they left

00:23:00.159 --> 00:23:01.990 align:start position:0%

but what about all the people they left

behind<00:23:00.480> the<00:23:00.640> families<00:23:01.039> the<00:23:01.200> children

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behind the families the children

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behind the families the children

all<00:23:02.240> of<00:23:02.400> them<00:23:02.559> will<00:23:02.799> be<00:23:02.960> vulnerable<00:23:04.000> and<00:23:04.480> it<00:23:04.720> is

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all of them will be vulnerable and it is

00:23:04.960 --> 00:23:05.909 align:start position:0%

all of them will be vulnerable and it is

an<00:23:05.120> atrocity

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an atrocity

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an atrocity

really<00:23:06.720> um<00:23:07.200> there<00:23:07.360> were<00:23:07.440> never<00:23:07.760> any<00:23:07.919> good

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really um there were never any good

00:23:08.159 --> 00:23:10.390 align:start position:0%

really um there were never any good

solutions<00:23:08.559> in<00:23:08.720> afghanistan<00:23:09.440> we<00:23:09.600> blew<00:23:09.840> it<00:23:10.080> over

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solutions in afghanistan we blew it over

00:23:10.400 --> 00:23:11.909 align:start position:0%

solutions in afghanistan we blew it over

and<00:23:10.559> over<00:23:10.799> and<00:23:11.039> over

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and over and over

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and over and over

uh<00:23:12.240> in<00:23:12.400> terms<00:23:12.640> of<00:23:12.799> our<00:23:12.960> tactics<00:23:13.760> i<00:23:13.919> suspect

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uh in terms of our tactics i suspect

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uh in terms of our tactics i suspect

that<00:23:14.480> we<00:23:14.640> will<00:23:14.880> see

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that we will see

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that we will see

the<00:23:15.360> last<00:23:16.080> american<00:23:17.200> troops<00:23:17.679> or<00:23:17.840> the

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the last american troops or the

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the last american troops or the

commander<00:23:18.480> anyway

00:23:18.870 --> 00:23:18.880 align:start position:0%

commander anyway

00:23:18.880 --> 00:23:22.950 align:start position:0%

commander anyway

fly<00:23:19.200> out<00:23:19.600> within<00:23:19.919> a<00:23:20.000> week<00:23:21.120> long<00:23:21.440> before<00:23:21.919> 9<00:23:22.159> 11.

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fly out within a week long before 9 11.

00:23:22.960 --> 00:23:24.870 align:start position:0%

fly out within a week long before 9 11.

i<00:23:23.039> think<00:23:23.200> there<00:23:23.280> will<00:23:23.440> be<00:23:23.919> they're<00:23:24.320> reportedly

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i think there will be they're reportedly

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i think there will be they're reportedly

going<00:23:25.039> to<00:23:25.120> be<00:23:25.200> 650<00:23:26.000> left<00:23:26.240> behind<00:23:26.559> to<00:23:26.640> help

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going to be 650 left behind to help

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going to be 650 left behind to help

protect<00:23:27.280> the

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protect the

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protect the

embassy<00:23:29.200> and<00:23:29.520> to<00:23:30.320> short<00:23:30.559> term<00:23:30.960> help

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embassy and to short term help

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embassy and to short term help

ensure<00:23:31.760> that<00:23:31.919> the<00:23:32.080> airport<00:23:32.480> is<00:23:32.559> open<00:23:32.799> because

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ensure that the airport is open because

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ensure that the airport is open because

without<00:23:33.360> the<00:23:33.440> airport<00:23:33.919> open

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without the airport open

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without the airport open

there's<00:23:34.720> no<00:23:34.880> ability<00:23:35.200> to<00:23:35.280> get<00:23:35.440> in

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there's no ability to get in

00:23:35.600 --> 00:23:37.750 align:start position:0%

there's no ability to get in

humanitarian<00:23:36.400> aid<00:23:36.960> the

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humanitarian aid the

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humanitarian aid the

the<00:23:37.919> embassies<00:23:38.480> are<00:23:38.559> unlikely<00:23:39.039> to<00:23:39.120> stay

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the embassies are unlikely to stay

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the embassies are unlikely to stay

because<00:23:40.000> there'll<00:23:40.159> be<00:23:40.400> no

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because there'll be no

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because there'll be no

guarantee<00:23:42.159> of<00:23:42.720> an<00:23:42.960> exit<00:23:43.279> route<00:23:43.600> if<00:23:43.760> there<00:23:44.000> is<00:23:44.159> a

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guarantee of an exit route if there is a

00:23:44.240 --> 00:23:45.110 align:start position:0%

guarantee of an exit route if there is a

problem

00:23:45.110 --> 00:23:45.120 align:start position:0%

problem

00:23:45.120 --> 00:23:48.630 align:start position:0%

problem

um<00:23:45.440> but<00:23:45.600> i<00:23:45.760> think<00:23:46.000> that<00:23:46.240> the<00:23:46.960> that<00:23:47.679> the

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um but i think that the that the

00:23:48.640 --> 00:23:52.149 align:start position:0%

um but i think that the that the

the<00:23:48.960> two<00:23:49.840> u.s<00:23:50.320> interventions<00:23:51.120> of<00:23:51.200> the<00:23:51.360> 21st

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the two u.s interventions of the 21st

00:23:52.159 --> 00:23:53.430 align:start position:0%

the two u.s interventions of the 21st

century

00:23:53.430 --> 00:23:53.440 align:start position:0%

century

00:23:53.440 --> 00:23:55.909 align:start position:0%

century

in<00:23:53.600> afghanistan<00:23:54.400> and<00:23:54.480> iraq<00:23:55.279> are<00:23:55.440> two<00:23:55.679> of<00:23:55.760> the

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in afghanistan and iraq are two of the

00:23:55.919 --> 00:23:57.750 align:start position:0%

in afghanistan and iraq are two of the

greatest

00:23:57.750 --> 00:23:57.760 align:start position:0%

greatest

00:23:57.760 --> 00:24:03.029 align:start position:0%

greatest

mistakes<00:23:58.880> militarily<00:23:59.840> what<00:24:00.480> what<00:24:00.640> we<00:24:00.799> did

00:24:03.029 --> 00:24:03.039 align:start position:0%

mistakes militarily what what we did

00:24:03.039 --> 00:24:05.430 align:start position:0%

mistakes militarily what what we did

uh<00:24:03.520> in<00:24:03.760> american<00:24:04.080> history<00:24:04.880> and<00:24:05.039> it's<00:24:05.120> such<00:24:05.360> a

00:24:05.430 --> 00:24:05.440 align:start position:0%

uh in american history and it's such a

00:24:05.440 --> 00:24:10.470 align:start position:0%

uh in american history and it's such a

tragedy

00:24:10.470 --> 00:24:10.480 align:start position:0%

00:24:10.480 --> 00:24:13.750 align:start position:0%

uh<00:24:11.440> it's<00:24:11.679> too<00:24:11.919> bad<00:24:12.400> that

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uh it's too bad that

00:24:13.760 --> 00:24:15.510 align:start position:0%

uh it's too bad that

afghanistan<00:24:14.480> can't<00:24:14.640> be<00:24:14.880> split<00:24:15.120> into<00:24:15.279> two

00:24:15.510 --> 00:24:15.520 align:start position:0%

afghanistan can't be split into two

00:24:15.520 --> 00:24:17.430 align:start position:0%

afghanistan can't be split into two

countries<00:24:16.559> but

00:24:17.430 --> 00:24:17.440 align:start position:0%

countries but

00:24:17.440 --> 00:24:19.269 align:start position:0%

countries but

that<00:24:17.679> hasn't<00:24:18.080> worked<00:24:18.400> and<00:24:18.720> of<00:24:18.880> course<00:24:19.120> i

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that hasn't worked and of course i

00:24:19.279 --> 00:24:20.950 align:start position:0%

that hasn't worked and of course i

assume<00:24:19.600> the<00:24:19.760> taliban<00:24:20.159> would<00:24:20.320> just<00:24:20.480> move<00:24:20.720> right

00:24:20.950 --> 00:24:20.960 align:start position:0%

assume the taliban would just move right

00:24:20.960 --> 00:24:21.669 align:start position:0%

assume the taliban would just move right

into<00:24:21.200> the

00:24:21.669 --> 00:24:21.679 align:start position:0%

into the

00:24:21.679 --> 00:24:24.950 align:start position:0%

into the

other<00:24:21.919> country<00:24:22.880> uh<00:24:23.520> but<00:24:24.080> you<00:24:24.400> just<00:24:24.559> mentioned

00:24:24.950 --> 00:24:24.960 align:start position:0%

other country uh but you just mentioned

00:24:24.960 --> 00:24:26.549 align:start position:0%

other country uh but you just mentioned

iraq<00:24:25.360> and<00:24:25.440> that<00:24:25.600> leads<00:24:25.840> me<00:24:26.000> to<00:24:26.080> my<00:24:26.240> next

00:24:26.549 --> 00:24:26.559 align:start position:0%

iraq and that leads me to my next

00:24:26.559 --> 00:24:27.350 align:start position:0%

iraq and that leads me to my next

question

00:24:27.350 --> 00:24:27.360 align:start position:0%

question

00:24:27.360 --> 00:24:30.789 align:start position:0%

question

uh<00:24:28.240> in<00:24:28.320> your<00:24:28.559> experiences<00:24:29.440> in<00:24:29.520> the<00:24:30.159> uh

00:24:30.789 --> 00:24:30.799 align:start position:0%

uh in your experiences in the uh